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Article ; Online: Habitual exercise evokes fast and persistent adaptation during split-belt walking.

Brinkerhoff, Sarah A / Sánchez, Natalia / Roper, Jaimie A

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0286649

Abstract: Changing movement patterns in response to environmental perturbations is a critical aspect of gait and is related to reducing the energetic cost of the movement. Exercise improves energetic capacity for submaximal exercise and may affect how people adapt ...

Abstract	Changing movement patterns in response to environmental perturbations is a critical aspect of gait and is related to reducing the energetic cost of the movement. Exercise improves energetic capacity for submaximal exercise and may affect how people adapt movement to reach an energetic minimum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported exercise behavior influences gait adaptation in young adults. Young adults who met the optimal volume of exercise according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (MOVE; n = 19) and young adults who did not meet the optimal volume of exercise (notMOVE; n = 13) walked on a split-belt treadmill with one belt moving twice the speed of the other belt for 10 minutes. Step length asymmetry (SLA) and mechanical work done by each leg were measured. Nonlinear mixed effects models compared the time course of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE, and t-tests compared net work at the end of adaptation between MOVE and notMOVE. Compared to notMOVE, MOVE had a faster initial response to the split belt treadmill, and continued to adapt over the duration of split-belt treadmill walking. Young adults who engage in sufficient amounts of exercise responded more quickly to the onset of a perturbation, and throughout the perturbation they continued to explore movement strategies, which might be related to reduction of energetic cost. Our findings provide insights into the multisystem positive effects of exercise, including walking adaptation.
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Walking/physiology ; Gait/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Exercise Test/methods ; Acclimatization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0286649
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The relationship between gait speed and mediolateral stability depends on a person's preferred speed.

Brinkerhoff, Sarah A / Murrah, William M / Roper, Jaimie A

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6056

Abstract: Mediolateral stability during walking requires active control and is complex. Step width, a proxy for stability, follows a curvilinear relationship as gait speeds increase. However, despite the complexity of maintenance for stability, no study has yet ... ...

Abstract	Mediolateral stability during walking requires active control and is complex. Step width, a proxy for stability, follows a curvilinear relationship as gait speeds increase. However, despite the complexity of maintenance for stability, no study has yet investigated the variation across individuals of the relationship between speed and step width. The purpose of this study was to determine if variation between adults affects the estimation of the relationship between speed and step width. Participants walked on a pressurized walkway 72 times. Gait speed and step width were measured within each trial. Mixed effects models assessed the relationship between gait speed and step width, and the variability in the relationship across participants. The relationship between speed and step width followed a reverse J-curve on average, but the relationship was moderated by participants' preferred speed. Step width response as speed increases is not homogenous in adults. This finding suggests that "appropriate" stability moderation (tested across a range of speeds) differs as a function of an individual's preferred speed. Mediolateral stability is complex, and further research to elucidate individual factors contributing to variation is needed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Walking Speed ; Gait/physiology ; Walking/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-32948-z
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Article ; Online: Evaluating Postural Transition Movement Performance in Individuals with Essential Tremor via the Instrumented Timed Up and Go.

Monaghan, Patrick G / Murrah, William M / Walker, Harrison C / Neely, Kristina A / Roper, Jaimie A

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract: Flexibility in performing various movements like standing, walking, and turning is crucial for navigating dynamic environments in daily life. Individuals with essential tremor often experience movement difficulties that can affect these postural ... ...

Abstract	Flexibility in performing various movements like standing, walking, and turning is crucial for navigating dynamic environments in daily life. Individuals with essential tremor often experience movement difficulties that can affect these postural transitions, limiting mobility and independence. Yet, little research has examined the performance of postural transitions in people with essential tremor. Therefore, we assessed postural transition performance using two versions of the timed up and go test: the standard version and a more complex water-carry version. We examined the total duration of the standard and water-carry timed up and go in 15 people with and 15 people without essential tremor. We also compared the time taken for each phase (sit-to-stand phase, straight-line walk phase, stand-to-sit phase) and the turning velocity between groups. Our findings revealed decreased performance across all phases of standard and water-carry timed up and go assessments. Further, both ET and non-ET groups exhibited reduced performance during the water-carry timed up and go compared to the standard timed up and go. Evaluating specific phases of the timed up and go offers valuable insights into functional movement performance in essential tremor, permitting more tailored therapeutic interventions to improve functional performance during activities of daily living.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Essential Tremor ; Activities of Daily Living ; Postural Balance ; Time and Motion Studies ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s24072216
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Article ; Online: Physical activity does not impact mediolateral margin of stability across a range of postural-perturbing conditions in young adults.

Monaghan, Patrick G / Brinkerhoff, Sarah A / Roper, Jaimie A

Gait & posture

2022 Volume 96, Page(s) 236–243

Abstract: Background: The maintenance of stability during walking is critical for successful locomotion. While targeted balance training can improve stability, it is unclear how simply meeting recommended physical activity guidelines may impact dynamic stability ... ...

Abstract	Background: The maintenance of stability during walking is critical for successful locomotion. While targeted balance training can improve stability, it is unclear how simply meeting recommended physical activity guidelines may impact dynamic stability in healthy young adults. Research question: Examining the differences in the mediolateral margin of stability (ML-MOS) and the variability of the ML-MOS in physically active and inactive young adults across a range of stability-challenging walking tasks METHOD: Twenty-one physically active and twenty inactive young adults completed four experimental walking conditions: (1) Overground Walking, (2) Tandem Walking, (3) Beam Walking, and (4) Stepping-Stones. The ML-MOS and coefficient of variation of the ML-MOS were calculated at each heel strike while participants walked at their preferred walking speed. A two-way mixed-effects ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of group and condition and their interaction on ML-MOS and ML-MOS variability RESULTS: Neither the ML-MOS nor the variability of the ML-MOS was significantly different between physically active and physically inactive young adults during any experimental walking conditions. A significant main effect of the experimental walking condition was observed, with the ML-MOS decreasing from overground walking to the tandem and beam walking conditions. The ML-MOS also became more variable in the tandem, beam, and stepping-stones conditions than in overground gait. Significance: Physical activity status did not influence frontal plane dynamic balance in healthy young adults, even in stability-challenging environments. Conditions that constrain step width, such as tandem and beam walking, are adequate for challenging frontal plane dynamic balance and indicate that trunk kinematics may be adjusted when step width is constrained.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Gait ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Walking ; Walking Speed ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.038
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Article ; Online: An Inexpensive Biomechanical Model to Help Teach and Learn Newer Mandible Reduction Techniques.

Tummings, Shantal / Garrett, Sierra / Humphrey, Ja'Neil G / Haddad, Jasmine / Roper, Jon / Bengiamin, Deena I / Young, Timothy P

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine

2023 Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 118–120

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ISSN	2474-252X
ISSN (online)	2474-252X
DOI	10.5811/cpcem.1416
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Article: Functional Lower Extremity Strength Influences Stepping Strategy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults During Single and Dual-Task Walking.

Peoples, Brandon M / Harrison, Kenneth D / Santamaria-Guzman, Keven G / Campos-Varga, Silvia E / Monaghan, Patrick G / Roper, Jaimie A

Research square

2024

Abstract: As age increases, a decline in lower extremity strength leads to reduced mobility and increased fall risks. This decline outpaces the age-related reduction in muscle mass, resulting in mobility limitations. Older adults with varying degrees of mobility- ... ...

Abstract	As age increases, a decline in lower extremity strength leads to reduced mobility and increased fall risks. This decline outpaces the age-related reduction in muscle mass, resulting in mobility limitations. Older adults with varying degrees of mobility-disability use different stepping strategies. However, the link between functional lower extremity strength and stepping strategy is unknown. Therefore, understanding how age-related reductions in functional lower extremity strength influence stepping strategy is vital to unraveling mobility limitations. Participants were recruited and tested at a local community event, where they were outfitted with IMUs and walked across a pressurized walkway. Our study reveals that older adults with normal strength prefer adjusting their step time during walking tasks, while those with reduced strength do not exhibit a preferred stepping strategy. This study provides valuable insights into the influence of functional lower extremity strength on stepping strategy in community-dwelling older adults during simple and complex walking tasks. These findings could aid in diagnosing gait deviations and developing appropriate treatment or management plans for mobility disability in older adults.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-3983607/v1
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Article ; Online: Prosthetic device and service satisfaction, quality of life, and functional performance in lower limb prosthesis clients.

DadeMatthews, Oluwagbemiga O / Roper, Jaimie A / Vazquez, Adan / Shannon, David M / Sefton, JoEllen M

Prosthetics and orthotics international

2023

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between prosthetic device and service satisfaction, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and functional movement in a diverse population of lower limb prosthesis users.: Methods!# ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between prosthetic device and service satisfaction, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and functional movement in a diverse population of lower limb prosthesis users. Methods: An online survey was conducted on individuals with lower limb amputation between September and October 2021. Sample validated questionnaires assessing demographic and clinical features, satisfaction, functional outcomes, and quality of life were analyzed using path analysis. Results: Participants were 1736 individuals with lower limb amputation. Overall, 44% of participants reported dissatisfaction with prosthetic device, whereas 37% were dissatisfied with prosthetic service. Low functional mobility was reported by 58% of participants and 61% reported low HRQOL. Lower extremity functional status (β = 0.55), HRQOL (β = 0.08), Activities-specific Balance Scale (β = 0.22), and modified fall efficacy scale (β = -0.07) are significantly associated with prosthetic device satisfaction (P < 0.0005, R2 = 0.47). Satisfaction with provider service was significantly associated with lower extremity functional status (β = 0.44) and balance confidence (β = 0.18) (P < 0.0005, R2 = 0.34). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Civilians, veterans, and service members reported low functional mobility, low quality of life, and moderate levels of dissatisfaction with their lower extremity prosthetic device and provider service. Improvements in mobility, balance, quality of life, and fall efficacy may enhance device satisfaction. Functional mobility and balance improvements may increase ratings of provider service. This study provides feedback that may improve clinical decisions on lower limb prosthesis patient care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	753382-2
ISSN	1746-1553 ; 0309-3646
ISSN (online)	1746-1553
ISSN	0309-3646
DOI	10.1097/PXR.0000000000000285
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Article ; Online: Adapting gait with asymmetric visual feedback affects deadaptation but not adaptation in healthy young adults.

Brinkerhoff, Sarah A / Monaghan, Patrick G / Roper, Jaimie A

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e0247706

Abstract: Split-belt treadmill walking allows researchers to understand how new gait patterns are acquired. Initially, the belts move at two different speeds, inducing asymmetric step lengths. As people adapt their gait on a split-belt treadmill, left and right ... ...

Abstract	Split-belt treadmill walking allows researchers to understand how new gait patterns are acquired. Initially, the belts move at two different speeds, inducing asymmetric step lengths. As people adapt their gait on a split-belt treadmill, left and right step lengths become more symmetric over time. Upon returning to normal walking, step lengths become asymmetric in the opposite direction, indicating deadaptation. Then, upon re-exposure to the split belts, step length asymmetry is less than the asymmetry at the start of the initial exposure, indicating readaptation. Changes in step length symmetry are driven by changes in step timing and step position asymmetry. It is critical to understand what factors can promote step timing and position adaptation and therefore influence step length asymmetry. There is limited research regarding the role of visual feedback to improve gait adaptation. Using visual feedback to promote the adaptation of step timing or position may be useful of understanding temporal or spatial gait impairments. We measured gait adaptation, deadaptation, and readaptation in twenty-nine healthy young adults while they walked on a split-belt treadmill. One group received no feedback while adapting; one group received asymmetric real-time feedback about step timing while adapting; and the last group received asymmetric real-time feedback about step position while adapting. We measured step length difference (non-normalized asymmetry), step timing asymmetry, and step position asymmetry during adaptation, deadaptation, and readaptation on a split-belt treadmill. Regardless of feedback, participants adapted step length difference, indicating that walking with temporal or spatial visual feedback does not interfere with gait adaptation. Compared to the group that received no feedback, the group that received temporal feedback exhibited smaller early deadaptation step position asymmetry (p = 0.005). There was no effect of temporal or spatial feedback on step timing. The feedback groups adapted step timing and position similarly to walking without feedback. Future work should investigate whether asymmetric visual feedback also results in typical gait adaptation in populations with altered step timing or position control.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Adult ; Exercise Test ; Feedback, Sensory ; Gait ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0247706
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Article ; Online: Fall history in older adults impacts acceleration profiles after a near collision with a moving pedestrian hazard.

Zukowski, Lisa A / Brinkerhoff, Sarah A / Iyigun, Gozde / Roper, Jaimie A / Giuliani, Carol A / Plummer, Prudence

Aging clinical and experimental research

2023 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 621–631

Abstract: Background: Environmental hazards (e.g., pedestrian traffic) cause falls and testing environment impacts gait in older adults. However, most fall risk evaluations do not assess real-world moving hazard avoidance.: Aims: This study examined the effect ...

Abstract	Background: Environmental hazards (e.g., pedestrian traffic) cause falls and testing environment impacts gait in older adults. However, most fall risk evaluations do not assess real-world moving hazard avoidance. Aims: This study examined the effect of fall history in older adults on acceleration profiles before, during, and after a near collision with a moving hazard, in laboratory and real-world settings. Methods: Older adults with (n = 14) and without a fall history (n = 15) performed a collision avoidance walking task with a sudden moving hazard in real-world and laboratory settings. Gait acceleration and video data of participants' first-person views were recorded. Four mixed effects multilevel models analyzed the magnitude and variability of mean and peak anteroposterior and mediolateral acceleration while walking before, during, and after the moving hazard in both environments. Results: In the real-world environment, older adults without a fall history increased their mean anteroposterior acceleration after the moving hazard (p = 0.046), but those with a fall history did not (p > 0.05). Older adults without a fall history exhibited more intersubject variability than those with a fall history in mean (p < 0.001) and peak anteroposterior (p = 0.015) acceleration across environments and epochs. Older adults without a fall history exhibited a slower peak mediolateral reaction during the moving hazard (p = 0.014) than those with a fall history. Conclusions: These results suggest that compared to older adults with a fall history, older adults without a fall history are more adaptable and able to respond last-minute to unexpected hazards. Older adults with a fall history exhibited more homogenous responses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Pedestrians ; Gait/physiology ; Walking/physiology ; Risk Assessment ; Acceleration
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2104785-6
ISSN	1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
ISSN (online)	1720-8319
ISSN	1594-0667
DOI	10.1007/s40520-023-02345-7
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Zs.A 3343: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Changes in Spatiotemporal Measures and Variability During User-Driven Treadmill, Fixed-Speed Treadmill, and Overground Walking in Young Adults: A Pilot Study.

Holmes, Hillary H / Fawcett, Randall T / Roper, Jaimie A

Journal of applied biomechanics

2021 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 277–281

Abstract: Walking is an integral indicator of human health commonly investigated while walking overground and with the use of a treadmill. Unlike fixed-speed treadmills, overground walking is dependent on the preferred walking speed under the individuals' control. ...

Abstract	Walking is an integral indicator of human health commonly investigated while walking overground and with the use of a treadmill. Unlike fixed-speed treadmills, overground walking is dependent on the preferred walking speed under the individuals' control. Thus, user-driven treadmills may have the ability to better simulate the characteristics of overground walking. This pilot study is the first investigation to compare a user-driven treadmill, a fixed-speed treadmill, and overground walking to understand differences in variability and mean spatiotemporal measures across walking environments. Participants walked fastest overground compared to both fixed and user-driven treadmill conditions. However, gait cycle speed variability in the fixed-speed treadmill condition was significantly lower than the user-driven and overground conditions, with no significant differences present between overground and user-driven treadmill walking. The lack of differences in variability between the user-driven treadmill and overground walking may indicate that the user-driven treadmill can better simulate the variability of overground walking, potentially leading to more natural adaptation and motor control patterns of walking.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Exercise Test ; Gait ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Walking ; Walking Speed ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1145288-2
ISSN	1543-2688 ; 1065-8483
ISSN (online)	1543-2688
ISSN	1065-8483
DOI	10.1123/jab.2020-0109
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