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Article ; Online: Do gastrointestinal microbiomes play a role in bats' unique viral hosting capacity?

Jones, Devin N / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Yeoman, Carl J / Plowright, Raina K / Brook, Cara E

2022 Volume 30, Issue 7, Page(s) 632–642

Abstract: Bats are reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, which they tolerate without experiencing disease. Research focused on deciphering mechanisms of virus tolerance in bats has rarely considered the influence of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome. In ... ...

Abstract	Bats are reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, which they tolerate without experiencing disease. Research focused on deciphering mechanisms of virus tolerance in bats has rarely considered the influence of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome. In mammals, GIT microbiomes influence infections through their effect on host physiology, immunity, nutrition, and behavior. Bat GIT microbiomes more closely resemble the Proteobacteria-dominated GIT microbiomes of birds than those of other mammals. As an adaptation to flight, bats have rapid GIT transit times which may reduce the stability of their microbiome, constrain nutrient uptake, and affect pathogen exposure and evolution of tolerance mechanisms. Experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to understand the function of bats' GIT microbiomes and their role in modulating viral infection dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Birds ; Chiroptera ; Disease Reservoirs ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Virus Diseases ; Viruses
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1158963-2
ISSN	1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
ISSN (online)	1878-4380
ISSN	0966-842X
DOI	10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.009
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Article: Reproduction, seasonal morphology, and juvenile growth in three Malagasy fruit bats.

Andrianiaina, Angelo / Andry, Santino / Gentles, Anecia / Guth, Sarah / Héraud, Jean-Michel / Ranaivoson, Hafaliana Christian / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Treuer, Timothy / Brook, Cara E

Journal of mammalogy

2022 Volume 103, Issue 6, Page(s) 1397–1408

Abstract: The island nation of Madagascar is home to three endemic species of Old World fruit bat in the family Pteropodidae: ...

Abstract	The island nation of Madagascar is home to three endemic species of Old World fruit bat in the family Pteropodidae:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218314-6
ISSN	0022-2372
ISSN	0022-2372
DOI	10.1093/jmammal/gyac072
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Article ; Online: Full Genome

Kettenburg, Gwenddolen / Kistler, Amy / Ranaivoson, Hafaliana Christian / Ahyong, Vida / Andrianiaina, Angelo / Andry, Santino / DeRisi, Joseph L / Gentles, Anecia / Raharinosy, Vololoniaina / Randriambolamanantsoa, Tsiry Hasina / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Tato, Cristina M / Dussart, Philippe / Heraud, Jean-Michel / Brook, Cara E

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 786060

Abstract: Bats are natural reservoirs for ... ...

Abstract	Bats are natural reservoirs for both
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; COVID-19 ; Chiroptera ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.786060
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Article ; Online: Discovery and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Henipavirus, Angavokely Virus, from Fruit Bats in Madagascar.

Madera, Sharline / Kistler, Amy / Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C / Ahyong, Vida / Andrianiaina, Angelo / Andry, Santino / Raharinosy, Vololoniaina / Randriambolamanantsoa, Tsiry H / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Tato, Cristina M / DeRisi, Joseph L / Aguilar, Hector C / Lacoste, Vincent / Dussart, Philippe / Heraud, Jean-Michel / Brook, Cara E

Journal of virology

2022 Volume 96, Issue 18, Page(s) e0092122

Abstract: ... The ... ...

Abstract	The genus
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera/genetics ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Henipavirus/classification ; Henipavirus/genetics ; Henipavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Madagascar ; Nipah Virus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Urine/virology ; Zoonoses/genetics
Chemical Substances	Glycoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.00921-22
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Article: Do gastrointestinal microbiomes play a role in bats’ unique viral hosting capacity?

Jones, Devin N. / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Yeoman, Carl J. / Plowright, Raina K. / Brook, Cara E.

Trends in microbiology. 2021,

2021

Abstract	Bats are reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, which they tolerate without experiencing disease. Research focused on deciphering mechanisms of virus tolerance in bats has rarely considered the influence of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome. In mammals, GIT microbiomes influence infections through their effect on host physiology, immunity, nutrition, and behavior. Bat GIT microbiomes more closely resemble the Proteobacteria-dominated GIT microbiomes of birds than those of other mammals. As an adaptation to flight, bats have rapid GIT transit times which may reduce the stability of their microbiome, constrain nutrient uptake, and affect pathogen exposure and evolution of tolerance mechanisms. Experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to understand the function of bats’ GIT microbiomes and their role in modulating viral infection dynamics.
Keywords	digestive tract ; evolution ; flight ; immunity ; intestinal microorganisms ; microbiome ; nutrient uptake ; pathogens ; viruses
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1158963-2
ISSN	1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
ISSN (online)	1878-4380
ISSN	0966-842X
DOI	10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses.

Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Guth, Sarah / Andrianiaina, Angelo / Andry, Santino / Gentles, Anecia / Ranaivoson, Hafaliana Christian / Brook, Cara E

Emerging topics in life sciences

2020 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 353–369

Abstract: Seven zoonoses - human infections of animal origin - have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. ... ...

Abstract	Seven zoonoses - human infections of animal origin - have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera/virology ; Coronavirus/physiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Zoonoses/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	2882721-1
ISSN	2397-8554 ; 2397-8554 ; 2397-8562
ISSN (online)	2397-8554
ISSN	2397-8554 ; 2397-8562
DOI	10.1042/ETLS20200097
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Article: Biological inventory of Ranomafana National Park tetrapods using leech-derived iDNA

Fahmy, Mai / Hekkala, Evon / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Siddall, Mark / Youssef, Salma

European journal of wildlife research. 2019 Oct., v. 65, no. 5

2019

Abstract: The terrestrial blood feeding leeches of family Haemadipsidae are abundant throughout the Indo-Pacific, a region which encompasses many of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Haemadipsids have been shown to retain high-quality host DNA in their guts on ... ...

Abstract	The terrestrial blood feeding leeches of family Haemadipsidae are abundant throughout the Indo-Pacific, a region which encompasses many of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Haemadipsids have been shown to retain high-quality host DNA in their guts on the order of months and have been targeted as tools for vertebrate biodiversity assessment in tropical rainforests, where species are difficult to monitor. Complementing prior mammal-specific 16S mtDNA data, the 12S mtDNA locus optimized for tetrapods was employed to assign identities to leech hosts. Through traditional Sanger sequencing of each blood meal for each of 16S and 12S mitochondrial regions, we find a 41% increase in the diversity of taxa detected using both loci than of using 16S alone. In addition to mammalian diversity assigned through sequencing of 16S, the host identities determined through sequencing of both loci inform the diversity of sampled localities as well as the foraging behavior of the leeches themselves. We present evidence for generalist foraging among the terrestrial leeches of Madagascar (Chtonobdella fallax), with data suggesting mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles as viable leech hosts.
Keywords	amphibians ; biodiversity ; birds ; blood ; blood meal ; foraging ; hematophagy ; Hirudinea ; hosts ; inventories ; loci ; mammals ; mitochondria ; mitochondrial DNA ; national parks ; reptiles ; tropical rain forests ; Madagascar
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 70.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2141660-6
ISSN	1439-0574 ; 1612-4642
ISSN (online)	1439-0574
ISSN	1612-4642
DOI	10.1007/s10344-019-1305-3
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Article: Food insecurity related to agricultural practices and household characteristics in rural communities of northeast Madagascar

Herrera, James P. / Rabezara, Jean Yves / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Metz, Miranda / France, Courtni / Owens, Ajilé / Pender, Michelle / Nunn, Charles L. / Kramer, Randall A.

Food security. 2021 Dec., v. 13, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Ending hunger and alleviating poverty are key goals for a sustainable future. Food security is a constant challenge for agrarian communities in low-income countries, especially in Madagascar. We investigated agricultural practices, household ... ...

Abstract	Ending hunger and alleviating poverty are key goals for a sustainable future. Food security is a constant challenge for agrarian communities in low-income countries, especially in Madagascar. We investigated agricultural practices, household characteristics, and food security in northeast Madagascar. We tested whether agricultural practices, demographics, and socioeconomics in rural populations were related to food security. Over 70% of respondents reported times during the last three years during which food for the household was insufficient, and the most frequently reported cause was small land size (57%). The probability of food insecurity decreased with increasing vanilla yield, rice yield, and land size. There was an interaction effect between land size and household size; larger families with smaller land holdings had higher food insecurity, while larger families with larger land had lower food insecurity. Other socioeconomic and agricultural variables were not significantly related to food insecurity, including material wealth, education, crop diversity, and livestock ownership. Our results highlight the high levels of food insecurity in these communities and point to interventions that would alleviate food stress. In particular, because current crop and livestock diversity were low, agricultural diversification could improve outputs and mitigate food insecurity. Development of sustainable agricultural intensification, including improving rice and vanilla cultivation to raise yields on small land areas, would likely have positive impacts on food security and alleviating poverty. Increasing market access and off-farm income, as well as improving policies related to land tenure could also play valuable roles in mitigating challenges in food security.
Keywords	demographic statistics ; education ; food security ; hunger ; income ; land tenure ; livestock ; market access ; poverty ; probability ; rice ; socioeconomics ; sustainable agricultural intensification ; Madagascar
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 1393-1405.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2486755-X
ISSN	1876-4525 ; 1876-4517
ISSN (online)	1876-4525
ISSN	1876-4517
DOI	10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3
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Article: Food insecurity related to agricultural practices and household characteristics in rural communities of northeast Madagascar.

Herrera, James P / Rabezara, Jean Yves / Ravelomanantsoa, Ny Anjara Fifi / Metz, Miranda / France, Courtni / Owens, Ajilé / Pender, Michelle / Nunn, Charles L / Kramer, Randall A

Food security

2021 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 1393–1405

Abstract	Ending hunger and alleviating poverty are key goals for a sustainable future. Food security is a constant challenge for agrarian communities in low-income countries, especially in Madagascar. We investigated agricultural practices, household characteristics, and food security in northeast Madagascar. We tested whether agricultural practices, demographics, and socioeconomics in rural populations were related to food security. Over 70% of respondents reported times during the last three years during which food for the household was insufficient, and the most frequently reported cause was small land size (57%). The probability of food insecurity decreased with increasing vanilla yield, rice yield, and land size. There was an interaction effect between land size and household size; larger families with smaller land holdings had higher food insecurity, while larger families with larger land had lower food insecurity. Other socioeconomic and agricultural variables were not significantly related to food insecurity, including material wealth, education, crop diversity, and livestock ownership. Our results highlight the high levels of food insecurity in these communities and point to interventions that would alleviate food stress. In particular, because current crop and livestock diversity were low, agricultural diversification could improve outputs and mitigate food insecurity. Development of sustainable agricultural intensification, including improving rice and vanilla cultivation to raise yields on small land areas, would likely have positive impacts on food security and alleviating poverty. Increasing market access and off-farm income, as well as improving policies related to land tenure could also play valuable roles in mitigating challenges in food security. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2486755-X
ISSN	1876-4525 ; 1876-4517
ISSN (online)	1876-4525
ISSN	1876-4517
DOI	10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Full Genome Nobecovirus Sequences From Malagasy Fruit Bats Define a Unique Evolutionary History for This Coronavirus Clade

Gwenddolen Kettenburg / Amy Kistler / Hafaliana Christian Ranaivoson / Vida Ahyong / Angelo Andrianiaina / Santino Andry / Joseph L. DeRisi / Anecia Gentles / Vololoniaina Raharinosy / Tsiry Hasina Randriambolamanantsoa / Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa / Cristina M. Tato / Philippe Dussart / Jean-Michel Heraud / Cara E. Brook

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Bats are natural reservoirs for both Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses and the hypothesized original hosts of five of seven known zoonotic coronaviruses. To date, the vast majority of bat coronavirus research has been concentrated in Asia, though ... ...

Abstract	Bats are natural reservoirs for both Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses and the hypothesized original hosts of five of seven known zoonotic coronaviruses. To date, the vast majority of bat coronavirus research has been concentrated in Asia, though coronaviruses are globally distributed; indeed, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2-related Betacoronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus have been identified circulating in Rhinolophid bats in both Africa and Europe, despite the relative dearth of surveillance in these regions. As part of a long-term study examining the dynamics of potentially zoonotic viruses in three species of endemic Madagascar fruit bat (Pteropus rufus, Eidolon dupreanum, Rousettus madagascariensis), we carried out metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) on urine, throat, and fecal samples obtained from wild-caught individuals. We report detection of RNA derived from Betacoronavirus subgenus Nobecovirus in fecal samples from all three species and describe full genome sequences of novel Nobecoviruses in P. rufus and R. madagascariensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates the existence of five distinct Nobecovirus clades, one of which is defined by the highly divergent ancestral sequence reported here from P. rufus bats. Madagascar Nobecoviruses derived from P. rufus and R. madagascariensis demonstrate, respectively, Asian and African phylogeographic origins, mirroring those of their fruit bat hosts. Bootscan recombination analysis indicates significant selection has taken place in the spike, nucleocapsid, and NS7 accessory protein regions of the genome for viruses derived from both bat hosts. Madagascar offers a unique phylogeographic nexus of bats and viruses with both Asian and African phylogeographic origins, providing opportunities for unprecedented mixing of viral groups and, potentially, recombination. As fruit bats are handled and consumed widely across Madagascar for subsistence, understanding the landscape of potentially zoonotic coronavirus circulation is essential for mitigation of future zoonotic ...
Keywords	Nobecovirus ; bat-borne coronavirus ; recombination ; zoonosis ; Madagascar ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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