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Article ; Online: Kinase-dependent pathways and the development of insulin resistance in hepatocytes.

Rondinone, Cristina M

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2019 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–203

Abstract: Hepatic insulin resistance is considered to be a dominant component in the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes. The role of nutrients, free fatty acids and secretory inflammatory factors released by visceral fat in the pathogenesis ... ...

Abstract	Hepatic insulin resistance is considered to be a dominant component in the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes. The role of nutrients, free fatty acids and secretory inflammatory factors released by visceral fat in the pathogenesis of liver insulin resistance requires clarification, but a number of signaling pathways and serine kinases have been implicated. These include the discovery of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, I κβ kinase, protein kinase C θ, δ and ε, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 as critical regulators of insulin action and steatosis in liver. In this article, the causes and mechanisms involved in the development of hepatic insulin resistance, and the signaling pathways and kinases involved, will be discussed. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation and specificity may prompt novel approaches to the pharmacological modulation of protein kinase activities involved in hepatic insulin resistance. This review will detail recent discoveries and highlight emerging kinase targets that hold potential to reduce hepatic insulin resistance and normalize blood glucose.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1586/17446651.2.2.195
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Article: RNA interference to target lipid disorders.

Rondinone, Cristina M

Current opinion in lipidology

2008 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 285–288

Abstract: Purpose of review: This review focuses on proof-of-principle experiments providing validation of new targets for the development of RNA interference-based therapeutics for dyslipidemia.: Recent findings: Over the past few years, RNA interference has ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: This review focuses on proof-of-principle experiments providing validation of new targets for the development of RNA interference-based therapeutics for dyslipidemia. Recent findings: Over the past few years, RNA interference has become an accepted approach to manipulate gene expression in mammalian systems. Advantage has been taken of the relative tissue specificity of adenovirus for liver, and the genetic specificity of short hairpin RNA-mediated RNA interference to create liver-specific downregulation of different genes. A different approach to target liver has been through the administration of chemically modified short interfering RNAs. For example, apolipoprotein B messenger RNA has been silenced in liver and jejunum resulting in decreased plasma levels of apolipoprotein B and total cholesterol. Summary: RNA interference has aroused great interest as a powerful experimental tool and a potential therapeutic strategy. Successful animal studies indicate that RNA interference might be useful for the treatment of various human diseases. Clinical studies will soon begin to assess the use of this new class of therapeutics to treat dyslipidemia.
MeSH term(s)	Dyslipidemias/genetics ; Dyslipidemias/metabolism ; Dyslipidemias/therapy ; Humans ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/metabolism ; RNA Interference
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1045394-5
ISSN	1473-6535 ; 0957-9672
ISSN (online)	1473-6535
ISSN	0957-9672
DOI	10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282ff861e
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Article ; Online: RNAi: for functional analysis and target validation.

Rondinone, Cristina M

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

2006 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 337–340

Abstract: The third annual conference on discovery on target, organised by the Cambridge Healthtech Institute was held on 19 - 20 October 2005, in Boston. More than 300 delegates from both academic and industrial institutes attended the meeting. The presentations ... ...

Abstract	The third annual conference on discovery on target, organised by the Cambridge Healthtech Institute was held on 19 - 20 October 2005, in Boston. More than 300 delegates from both academic and industrial institutes attended the meeting. The presentations provided insights into understanding the RNA interference technology as a useful tool to identify and validate new targets for therapeutic intervention. Discussions focused in the design of siRNA for effective gene silencing, RNAi screens to identify new targets, RNAi delivery and the in vivo validation of targets using this technology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gene Targeting/methods ; Gene Targeting/standards ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genetic Testing/standards ; Humans ; Massachusetts ; RNA Interference/drug effects ; RNA Interference/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Congress
ZDB-ID	2055208-7
ISSN	1744-7631 ; 1472-8222
ISSN (online)	1744-7631
ISSN	1472-8222
DOI	10.1517/14728222.10.2.337
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Article: Therapeutic potential of RNAi in metabolic diseases.

Rondinone, Cristina M

BioTechniques

2006 Volume Suppl, Page(s) 31–36

Abstract: Over the past years RNA interference (RNAi) has exploded as a new approach to manipulate gene expression in mammalian systems. More recently, RNAi has acquired interest as a potential therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic ...

Abstract	Over the past years RNA interference (RNAi) has exploded as a new approach to manipulate gene expression in mammalian systems. More recently, RNAi has acquired interest as a potential therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic use of RNAi for metabolic diseases, the current understanding of RNAi biology, and how RNAi has been utilized to study the role of different genes in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity. Also reviewed are the in vivo proof-of-principle experiments that provide the preclinical justification for the development of RNAi-based therapeutics for diabetes and the key challenges that currently limit its application in the clinical setting.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Targeting/methods ; Gene Targeting/trends ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Genetic Engineering/trends ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Genetic Therapy/trends ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/genetics ; Metabolic Diseases/therapy ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	48453-2
ISSN	1940-9818 ; 0736-6205
ISSN (online)	1940-9818
ISSN	0736-6205
DOI	10.2144/000112163
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Article: Minireview: ribonucleic acid interference for the identification of new targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Rondinone, Cristina M

Endocrinology

2006 Volume 147, Issue 6, Page(s) 2650–2656

Abstract: Over the past years, RNA interference (RNAi) has exploded as a new approach to manipulate gene expression in mammalian systems. More recently, RNAi has acquired interest as a tool to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses ... ...

Abstract	Over the past years, RNA interference (RNAi) has exploded as a new approach to manipulate gene expression in mammalian systems. More recently, RNAi has acquired interest as a tool to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the current understanding of RNAi biology, how RNAi has been used to study the role of different genes in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity, and the use of RNAi screens for the identification of new targets for metabolic diseases. Also reviewed are the in vivo proof of principle experiments that provide the validation of these new targets for the development of RNAi-based therapeutics for diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Adenoviridae/genetics ; Agouti-Related Protein ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics ; Humans ; Insulin/physiology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Obesity/therapy ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics
Chemical Substances	Agouti-Related Protein ; Apolipoproteins B ; EGR1 protein, human ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; IRS1 protein, human ; Insulin ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2006-0147
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Article: Adipocyte-derived hormones, cytokines, and mediators.

Rondinone, Cristina M

Endocrine

2006 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–90

Abstract: Adipose tissue is responsive to both central and peripheral metabolic signals and is itself capable of secreting a number of proteins. These adipocyte-specific or enriched proteins, termed adipokines, have been shown to have a variety of local, ... ...

Abstract	Adipose tissue is responsive to both central and peripheral metabolic signals and is itself capable of secreting a number of proteins. These adipocyte-specific or enriched proteins, termed adipokines, have been shown to have a variety of local, peripheral, and central effects. These secreted proteins, which include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, resistin, IL-6, IL-8, acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) ("bad" adipokines) and leptin, adiponectin ("good" adipokines) seem to play important regulatory roles in a variety of complex processes, including fat metabolism, feeding behavior, hemostasis, vascular tone, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity, but none is without controversy regarding its respective mechanism and scope of action. The present review is focused on the effects of free fatty acids and a restricted number of adipokines, which have been implicated in vascular (angiotensinogen, PAI-1) and energy and glucose homeostasis (ASP, TNFalpha, IL-6, resistin, leptin, adiponectin).
MeSH term(s)	Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adiponectin/physiology ; Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Adipose Tissue/physiology ; Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Cytokines/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology ; Leptin/physiology ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Peptide Hormones/physiology ; Resistin/physiology
Chemical Substances	Adiponectin ; Anti-Obesity Agents ; Cytokines ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Leptin ; Peptide Hormones ; Resistin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1194484-5
ISSN	1355-008X ; 0969-711X
ISSN	1355-008X ; 0969-711X
DOI	10.1385/endo:29:1:81
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Article ; Online: Diabetes: the latest developments in inhibitors, insulin sensitisers, new drug targets and novel approaches. October 18-19, 2004, The Hatton, London, UK.

Rondinone, Cristina M

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

2005 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 415–418

Abstract: The 6th annual conference on diabetes, organised by the SMI group, was held on 18th-19th October 2004 in London, followed by a one-day symposium on an executive briefing entitled Type 2 diabetes and beyond: the untapped commercial potential. More than ... ...

Abstract	The 6th annual conference on diabetes, organised by the SMI group, was held on 18th-19th October 2004 in London, followed by a one-day symposium on an executive briefing entitled Type 2 diabetes and beyond: the untapped commercial potential. More than 100 delegates from both academic and industrial institutes attended the two meetings. The presentations provided insights into the understanding of mechanisms and developments of novel drugs for treatments of insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, as well as new approaches for therapeutic intervention including the development of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues. This review offers a general overview of the fields in metabolic diseases and different strategies to develop new drugs. Discussions focused on several emerging therapeutic areas, including novel compound developments and target identification with the use of conventional methods and recently emerged technologies, such as siRNA, genomics and proteomics.
MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Drug Delivery Systems/trends ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage ; Insulin/metabolism ; London ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/trends
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-05-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Congress
ZDB-ID	2055208-7
ISSN	1744-7631 ; 1472-8222
ISSN (online)	1744-7631
ISSN	1472-8222
DOI	10.1517/14728222.9.2.415
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Article: Implementing Smart Working in Public Administration: a follow up study.

Di Tecco, Cristina / Ronchetti, Matteo / Russo, Simone / Ghelli, Monica / Rondinone, Bruna Maria / Persechino, Benedetta / Iavicoli, Sergio

La Medicina del lavoro

2021 Volume 112, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–152

Abstract: Background: Starting from February 2020, in Italy most organizations have had a forced transition to flexible working practice - called "smart working in emergency" - due to the Covid-19 epidemic outbreak. This allowed to continue work activities and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Starting from February 2020, in Italy most organizations have had a forced transition to flexible working practice - called "smart working in emergency" - due to the Covid-19 epidemic outbreak. This allowed to continue work activities and services and contributed to contain the risk of infection in different sectors, particularly in the public administration. Objectives: This follow up study focussed on a panel of 187 workers from the Italian Workers' Compensation Authority taking part to a pilot project "Smart Working in INAIL" from January 2019 to December 2019. The aim was to investigate the effects of work organization on work attitudes, work-life balance and health outcomes before and after the introduction of the smart working. Methods: The data were collected at two time points through a web-based questionnaire. The first wave aimed to collect information up to one month before the implementation of the smart working. The second wave aimed to collect information about potential changes occurred after one year of smart working. Results: This study showed that high demands, low control and low social support might lead to reduced well-being and less satisfaction with work, and have an effect on work engagement and work-life balance. Particularly, improving social support can moderate the negative impact of high strain on well-being, preventing work-life imbalance and risk of isolation. Discussion: Findings and future perspectives are discussed to support stakeholders in defining policies and practices concerning health and wellbeing at work while preserving productivity, for a successful implementation of smart working in the public administration.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Italy ; Pilot Projects ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-20
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123678-7
ISSN	0025-7818
ISSN	0025-7818
DOI	10.23749/mdl.v112i2.10595
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic potential of RNAi in metabolic diseases

Cristina M. Rondinone

BioTechniques, Vol 40, Iss 4S, Pp S31-S

2006 Volume 36

Abstract	Over the past years RNA interference (RNAi) has exploded as a new approach to manipulate gene expression in mammalian systems. More recently, RNAi has acquired interest as a potential therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic use of RNAi for metabolic diseases, the current understanding of RNAi biology, and how RNAi has been utilized to study the role of different genes in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity. Also reviewed are the in vivo proof-of-principle experiments that provide the preclinical justification for the development of RNAi-based therapeutics for diabetes and the key challenges that currently limit its application in the clinical setting.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Future Science Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The emerging role of the intestine in metabolic diseases.

Bradley, William D / Zwingelstein, Catherine / Rondinone, Cristina M

Archives of physiology and biochemistry

2011 Volume 117, Issue 3, Page(s) 165–176

Abstract: The intestine is an important metabolic organ that has gained attention in recent years for the newly identified role that it plays in the pathophysiology of various metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. Recent insights ... ...

Abstract	The intestine is an important metabolic organ that has gained attention in recent years for the newly identified role that it plays in the pathophysiology of various metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. Recent insights regarding the role of enteroendocrine hormones, such as GIP, GLP-1, and PYY in metabolic diseases, as well as the emerging role of the gut microbial community and gastric bypass bariatric surgeries in modulating metabolic function and dysfunction have sparked a wave of interest in understanding the mechanisms involved, in an effort to identify new therapeutics and novel regulators of metabolism. This review summarizes the current evidence that the gastrointestinal tract has a key role in the development of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and diabetes and discusses the possible players that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bariatric Surgery ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Metabolic Diseases/metabolism ; Metabolic Diseases/physiopathology ; Metagenome ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Obesity/surgery ; Peptide YY/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Gastrointestinal Hormones ; Peptide YY (106388-42-5) ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (59392-49-3) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1238320-x
ISSN	1744-4160 ; 1381-3455
ISSN (online)	1744-4160
ISSN	1381-3455
DOI	10.3109/13813455.2011.578651
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