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  1. Article ; Online: Animal bioenergetics: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of growth and metabolism of Anguilla anguilla.

    Popović, Marko E

    Zoology (Jena, Germany)

    2024  Volume 163, Page(s) 126158

    Abstract: Bioenergetics and biothermodynamics are valuable tools in research on growth and metabolic processes of a wide range of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, as is shown by the many publications on this topic in the literature. ...

    Abstract Bioenergetics and biothermodynamics are valuable tools in research on growth and metabolic processes of a wide range of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, as is shown by the many publications on this topic in the literature. These studies provide insight into growth and metabolism of individual species, as well as interactions between species, like the virus-host interaction (infection) and virus-virus interaction (competition). However, this approach has not yet been applied to animal species. The universality of biothermodynamics and bioenergetics provides a good motive to apply them in analysis of animals. In this research, we made a bioenergetic, biothermodynamic and kinetic characterization for the first time for an animal species - Anguilla anguilla L. (European eel). We made a comparative analysis on yellow (young adult) and silver (mature adult) phases. Metabolic processes were modeled as chemical reactions with characteristic thermodynamic properties: enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. Moreover, Gibbs energy explained growth rates, through phenomenological equations. This analysis of animal metabolism and growth explained metabolic properties of yellow and silver A. anguilla, including the bioenergetic aspect of life history. Moreover, we compared thermodynamic properties of A. anguilla with those of its main macromolecular components and other organisms. The thermodynamic properties were explained by the structural properties of organisms. This research extends the bioenergetic and biothermodynamic approaches to zoology, which should allow analysis of the energetic aspect of animal metabolic processes, interactions with their environment and interactions with other organisms. Furthermore, it connects the macroscopic perspective of zoology with the microscopic perspectives of biochemistry, bioenergetics and biothermodynamics. This will provide a basis for development of mechanistic models of animal growth and metabolism.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anguilla/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Kinetics ; Thermodynamics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1191401-4
    ISSN 1873-2720 ; 0944-2006
    ISSN (online) 1873-2720
    ISSN 0944-2006
    DOI 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 strain wars continues: Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of live matter and biosynthesis of Omicron BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants.

    Popovic, Marko

    Microbial risk analysis

    2023  Volume 24, Page(s) 100260

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has during the last 3 years mutated several dozen times. Most mutations in the newly formed variants have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. New variants have been declared as variants under monitoring. The European Centre ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has during the last 3 years mutated several dozen times. Most mutations in the newly formed variants have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. New variants have been declared as variants under monitoring. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has suggested the hypothesis that the new BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants could have properties similar to those of VOC. Thermodynamic properties of new variants have been reported in this manuscript for the first time. Gibbs energy of biosynthesis, as the driving force for viral multiplication, is less negative for the new variants than for the earlier variants. This indicates that the virus has evolved towards decrease in pathogenicity, which leads to less severe forms of COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-3530
    ISSN (online) 2352-3530
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100260
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  3. Article ; Online: Never ending story? Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 monitored through Gibbs energies of biosynthesis and antigen-receptor binding of Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants.

    Popovic, Marko

    Microbial risk analysis

    2023  Volume 23, Page(s) 100250

    Abstract: RNA viruses exhibit a great tendency to mutate. Mutations occur in the parts of the genome that encode the spike glycoprotein and less often in the rest of the genome. This is why Gibbs energy of binding changes more than that of biosynthesis. Starting ... ...

    Abstract RNA viruses exhibit a great tendency to mutate. Mutations occur in the parts of the genome that encode the spike glycoprotein and less often in the rest of the genome. This is why Gibbs energy of binding changes more than that of biosynthesis. Starting from 2019, the wild type that was labeled Hu-1 has during the last 3 years evolved to produce several dozen new variants, as a consequence of mutations. Mutations cause changes in empirical formulas of new virus strains, which lead to change in thermodynamic properties of biosynthesis and binding. These changes cause changes in the rate of reactions of binding of virus antigen to the host cell receptor and the rate of virus multiplication in the host cell. Changes in thermodynamic and kinetic parameters lead to changes in biological parameters of infectivity and pathogenicity. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has been evolving towards increase in infectivity and maintaining constant pathogenicity, or for some variants a slight decrease in pathogenicity. In the case of Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants pathogenicity is identical as in the Omicron BA.2.75 variant. On the other hand, infectivity of the Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants is greater than those of previous variants. This will most likely result in the phenomenon of asymmetric coinfection, that is circulation of several variants in the population, some being dominant.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-3530
    ISSN (online) 2352-3530
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100250
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants.

    Popovic, Marko

    Microbial risk analysis

    2023  Volume 23, Page(s) 100249

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 resembles the ancient mythical creature Hydra. Just like with the Hydra, when one head is cut, it is followed by appearance of two more heads, suppression of one SARS-CoV-2 variant causes appearance of newer variants. Unlike Hydra that grows ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 resembles the ancient mythical creature Hydra. Just like with the Hydra, when one head is cut, it is followed by appearance of two more heads, suppression of one SARS-CoV-2 variant causes appearance of newer variants. Unlike Hydra that grows identical heads, newer SARS-CoV-2 variants are usually more infective, which can be observed as time evolution of the virus at hand, which occurs through acquisition of mutations during time. The appearance of new variants is followed by appearance of new COVID-19 pandemic waves. With the appearance of new pandemic waves and determining of sequences, in the scientific community and general public the question is always raised of whether the new variant will be more virulent and more pathogenic. The two variants characterized in this paper, BA.5.2 and BF.7, have caused a pandemic wave during the late 2022. This paper gives full chemical and thermodynamic characterization of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Having in mind that Gibbs energy of binding and biosynthesis represent the driving forces for the viral life cycle, based on the calculated thermodynamic properties we can conclude that the newer variants are more infective than earlier ones, but that their pathogenicity has not changed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-3530
    ISSN (online) 2352-3530
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100249
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  5. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 strain wars continues: Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of live matter and biosynthesis of Omicron BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants

    Popović, Marko

    Microbial Risk Analysis. 2023 Aug., v. 24 p.100260-

    2023  

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has during the last 3 years mutated several dozen times. Most mutations in the newly formed variants have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. New variants have been declared as variants under monitoring. The European Centre ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has during the last 3 years mutated several dozen times. Most mutations in the newly formed variants have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. New variants have been declared as variants under monitoring. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has suggested the hypothesis that the new BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants could have properties similar to those of VOC. Thermodynamic properties of new variants have been reported in this manuscript for the first time. Gibbs energy of biosynthesis, as the driving force for viral multiplication, is less negative for the new variants than for the earlier variants. This indicates that the virus has evolved towards decrease in pathogenicity, which leads to less severe forms of COVID-19.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Gibbs free energy ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; biosynthesis ; microbiological risk assessment ; pathogenicity ; viruses ; COVID-19 ; Variant under monitoring ; Gibbs energy ; Enthalpy ; Entropy ; Permissiveness coefficient
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-08
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2352-3522
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100260
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants

    Popović, Marko

    Microbial Risk Analysis. 2023 Feb. 04, p.100249-

    2023  , Page(s) 100249–

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 resembles the ancient mythical creature Hydra. Just like with the Hydra, when one head is cut, it is followed by appearance of two more heads, suppression of one SARS-CoV-2 variant causes appearance of newer variants. Unlike Hydra that grows ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 resembles the ancient mythical creature Hydra. Just like with the Hydra, when one head is cut, it is followed by appearance of two more heads, suppression of one SARS-CoV-2 variant causes appearance of newer variants. Unlike Hydra that grows identical heads, newer SARS-CoV-2 variants are usually more infective, which can be observed as time evolution of the virus at hand, which occurs through acquisition of mutations during time. The appearance of new variants is followed by appearance of new COVID-19 pandemic waves. With the appearance of new pandemic waves and determining of sequences, in the scientific community and general public the question is always raised of whether the new variant will be more virulent and more pathogenic. The two variants characterized in this paper, BA.5.2 and BF.7, have caused a pandemic wave during the late 2022. This paper gives full chemical and thermodynamic characterization of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Having in mind that Gibbs energy of binding and biosynthesis represent the driving forces for the viral life cycle, based on the calculated thermodynamic properties we can conclude that the newer variants are more infective than earlier ones, but that their pathogenicity has not changed.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Gibbs free energy ; Hydra ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; biosynthesis ; head ; microbiological risk assessment ; pandemic ; virulence ; viruses ; COVID-19 ; variant of concern ; infectivity ; pathogenicity ; evolution ; Gibbs energy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0204
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ISSN 2352-3522
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100249
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Never ending story? Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 monitored through Gibbs energies of biosynthesis and antigen-receptor binding of Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants

    Popović, Marko

    Microbial Risk Analysis. 2023 Feb. 03, p.100250-

    2023  , Page(s) 100250–

    Abstract: RNA viruses exhibit a great tendency to mutate. Mutations occur in the parts of the genome that encode the spike glycoprotein and less often in the rest of the genome. This is why Gibbs energy of binding changes more than that of biosynthesis. Starting ... ...

    Abstract RNA viruses exhibit a great tendency to mutate. Mutations occur in the parts of the genome that encode the spike glycoprotein and less often in the rest of the genome. This is why Gibbs energy of binding changes more than that of biosynthesis. Starting from 2019, the wild type that was labeled Hu-1 has during the last 3 years evolved to produce several dozen new variants, as a consequence of mutations. Mutations cause changes in empirical formulas of new virus strains, which lead to change in thermodynamic properties of biosynthesis and binding. These changes cause changes in the rate of reactions of binding of virus antigen to the host cell receptor and the rate of virus multiplication in the host cell. Changes in thermodynamic and kinetic parameters lead to changes in biological parameters of infectivity and pathogenicity. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has been evolving towards increase in infectivity and maintaining constant pathogenicity, or for some variants a slight decrease in pathogenicity. In the case of Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants pathogenicity is identical as in the Omicron BA.2.75 variant. On the other hand, infectivity of the Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants is greater than those of previous variants. This will most likely result in the phenomenon of asymmetric coinfection, that is circulation of several variants in the population, some being dominant.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Gibbs free energy ; RNA ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; biosynthesis ; evolution ; genome ; glycoproteins ; microbiological risk assessment ; mixed infection ; pathogenicity ; viral antigens ; viruses ; COVID-19 ; Elemental composition ; Thermodynamic property ; Variant of concern (VOC) ; Virus-host interaction ; Binding affinity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0203
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ISSN 2352-3522
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100250
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth.

    Popovic, Marko

    Microbial risk analysis

    2022  Volume 22, Page(s) 100217

    Abstract: In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be ... ...

    Abstract In this paper, for the first time, empirical formulas have been reported of the Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2. The empirical formula of the Delta strain entire virion was found to be CH
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-3530
    ISSN (online) 2352-3530
    DOI 10.1016/j.mran.2022.100217
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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  9. Article ; Online: XBB.1.5 Kraken cracked: Gibbs energies of binding and biosynthesis of the XBB.1.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2.

    Popovic, Marko E

    Microbiological research

    2023  Volume 270, Page(s) 127337

    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra with many heads (variants) has been causing the COVID-19 pandemic for 3 years. The appearance of every new head (SARS-CoV-2 variant) causes a new pandemic wave. The last in the series is the XBB.1.5 "Kraken" variant. In the general ... ...

    Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra with many heads (variants) has been causing the COVID-19 pandemic for 3 years. The appearance of every new head (SARS-CoV-2 variant) causes a new pandemic wave. The last in the series is the XBB.1.5 "Kraken" variant. In the general public (social media) and in the scientific community (scientific journals), during the last several weeks since the variant has appeared, the question was raised of whether the infectivity of the new variant will be greater. This article attempts to provide the answer. Analysis of thermodynamic driving forces of binding and biosynthesis leads to the conclusion that infectivity of the XBB.1.5 variant could be increased to a certain extent. The pathogenicity of the XBB.1.5 variant seems to be unchanged compared to the other Omicron variants.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1189614-0
    ISSN 1618-0623 ; 0944-5013
    ISSN (online) 1618-0623
    ISSN 0944-5013
    DOI 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127337
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ud II Zs.7: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  10. Article: Biothermodynamics of Viruses from Absolute Zero (1950) to Virothermodynamics (2022).

    Popovic, Marko

    Vaccines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 12

    Abstract: Biothermodynamics of viruses is among the youngest but most rapidly developing scientific disciplines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it closely followed the results published by molecular biologists. Empirical formulas were published for 50 viruses and ... ...

    Abstract Biothermodynamics of viruses is among the youngest but most rapidly developing scientific disciplines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it closely followed the results published by molecular biologists. Empirical formulas were published for 50 viruses and thermodynamic properties for multiple viruses and virus variants, including all variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola virus, Vaccinia and Monkeypox virus. A review of the development of biothermodynamics of viruses during the last several decades and intense development during the last 3 years is described in this paper.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines10122112
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