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Article: When Hotel Guests Complain About Tobacco, Electronic Cigarettes, and Cannabis: Lessons for Implementing Smoking Bans.

Weigel, Elizabeth Ad / Matt, Georg E

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 1179173X221124900

Abstract: We analyzed reviews on tripadvisor.com from a random sample of N = 477 hotels in ten large cities in the US to examine how well existing policies protect guests from exposure to tobacco, electronic cigarette, and cannabis (TEC) smoke. We examined the ... ...

Abstract	We analyzed reviews on tripadvisor.com from a random sample of N = 477 hotels in ten large cities in the US to examine how well existing policies protect guests from exposure to tobacco, electronic cigarette, and cannabis (TEC) smoke. We examined the association between complaints per 100 reviews with hotel smoking policies, star rating, cost, brand, and location. Of all TEC complaints, 80% were associated with thirdhand smoke residue lingering in hotels from previous guests. Compared to the hotel brands with the best records, the two worst-performing brands had 3.4- and 3.6-times higher complaint rates (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2532401-9
ISSN	1179-173X
ISSN	1179-173X
DOI	10.1177/1179173X221124900
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Associations of

Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda / Matt, Georg E / Jandarov, Roman A / Merianos, Ashley L

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 9

Abstract: 1) Background: ...

Abstract	(1) Background:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Female ; Cotinine/metabolism ; Nicotine/analysis ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cotinine (K5161X06LL) ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R) ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Mixed Function Oxygenases (EC 1.-) ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20095639
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: When Hotel Guests Complain About Tobacco, Electronic Cigarettes, and Cannabis

Elizabeth AD Weigel / Georg E Matt

Tobacco Use Insights, Vol

Lessons for Implementing Smoking Bans

2022 Volume 15

Abstract	We analyzed reviews on tripadvisor.com from a random sample of N = 477 hotels in ten large cities in the US to examine how well existing policies protect guests from exposure to tobacco, electronic cigarette, and cannabis (TEC) smoke. We examined the association between complaints per 100 reviews with hotel smoking policies, star rating, cost, brand, and location. Of all TEC complaints, 80% were associated with thirdhand smoke residue lingering in hotels from previous guests. Compared to the hotel brands with the best records, the two worst-performing brands had 3.4- and 3.6-times higher complaint rates ( P < .001). Hotels with ≤2-star ratings had twice the complaints as higher-rated hotels ( P < .001). Compared to 100% smokefree hotels, those offering designated smoking rooms had a 35% higher rate of complaints ( P < .05). The success of some hotel brands demonstrates it is feasible to protect guests by fully committing to, implementing, and enforcing 100% smokefree building policies.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Perception of harm is strongly associated with complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking: a cross-sectional study.

Tripathi, Osika / Parada, Humberto / Shi, Yuyan / Matt, Georg E / Quintana, Penelope J E / Liles, Sandy / Bellettiere, John

BMC public health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 669

Abstract: Background: Perception of health risk can influence household rules, but little is known about how the perception of harm from cannabis secondhand smoke (cSHS) is related to having a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. We examined this association ...

Abstract	Background: Perception of health risk can influence household rules, but little is known about how the perception of harm from cannabis secondhand smoke (cSHS) is related to having a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. We examined this association among a nationally representative sample of United States adults. Methods: Respondents were 21,381 adults from the cross-sectional Marijuana Use and Environmental Survey recruited from December 2019-February 2020. Perceived harm of cSHS exposure (extremely harmful, somewhat harmful, mostly safe, or totally safe) and complete ban of cannabis smoking anywhere in the home (yes or no) were self-reported. Logistic regression for survey-weighted data estimated covariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between perceived harm of cSHS and complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. Stratified subgroup analyses (by cannabis smoking status, cannabis use legalization in state of residence, and children under age 6 living in the home) were conducted to quantify effect measure modification of the association between perception of harm and complete ban. Results: A complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking was reported by 71.8% of respondents. Eight percent reported cSHS as "totally safe"; 20.5% "mostly safe"; 38.3% "somewhat harmful"; and 33.0% "extremely harmful". Those who reported cSHS as "extremely harmful" had 6 times the odds of a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking (OR = 6.0, 95%CI = 4.9-7.2) as those reporting smoking as "totally safe". The odds of a complete ban were higher among those reporting cSHS as "somewhat harmful" (OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 2.2-3.1) or "mostly safe" (OR = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.2-1.7) vs those reporting cSHS as "totally safe". In each subgroup of cannabis smoking status, state cannabis use legalization, and children under the age of 6 living in the home, perceived harm was associated with a complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates perceiving cSHS as harmful is strongly associated with having a complete in-home cannabis smoking ban. With almost a third of US adults perceiving cSHS as at least "mostly safe", there is strong need to educate the general population about potential risks associated with cSHS exposure to raise awareness and encourage adoption of household rules prohibiting indoor cannabis smoking.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Housing ; Cannabis ; Perception
Chemical Substances	Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-024-18072-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: High Levels of the Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNAL and Associated Findings in Children of Smokers: A Case Series.

Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda / Matt, Georg E / Merianos, Ashley L

Biomarker insights

2022 Volume 17, Page(s) 11772719221118868

Abstract: High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers' children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. ... ...

Abstract	High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers' children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. Therefore, we conducted a case series to examine the sociodemographics, TSE and clinical patterns, and other TSE biomarker levels in 9 children with extreme NNAL levels of >200 pg/ml to generate hypotheses and explore potential causes and implications. We identified 0 to 4-year-olds who presented to an emergency setting and lived with ⩾1 smoker who were part of a parental tobacco cessation trial (n = 461). Of these children, 52 had urinary NNAL, cotinine, and N-oxides results (n = 52). Nine children (17.3%) had NNAL levels >200 pg/ml, ranging from 206.4 to 1399.0 pg/ml (Median (Mdn) = 489.2 pg/ml; Interquartile Range (IQR) = 222.7-1289.3 pg/ml). The cotinine Mdn (IQR) was 38.5 (10.3-102.2) ng/ml and the N-oxides Mdn (IQR) = 93.8 (24.7-109.6) pg/ml. While all biomarker levels were alarmingly high, these young children would not have been flagged for very high cancer risk based on urinary cotinine levels alone. This underscores the critical role of comprehensive TSE biomarker measurement in capturing different TSE exposure patterns and assessing children's future risk for cancer and other TSE-related morbidities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2256754-9
ISSN	1177-2719
ISSN	1177-2719
DOI	10.1177/11772719221118868
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Article ; Online: The Associations of Trans -3′-Hydroxy Cotinine, Cotinine, and the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Pediatric Patients with Tobacco Smoke Exposure

E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens / Georg E. Matt / Roman A. Jandarov / Ashley L. Merianos

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 5639, p

2023 Volume 5639

Abstract: 1) Background: Trans -3′-hydroxy cotinine (3HC) and cotinine (COT) are tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarkers and the 3HC/COT ratio is a marker of CYP2A6 activity, an enzyme which metabolizes nicotine. The primary objective was to assess the ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Trans -3′-hydroxy cotinine (3HC) and cotinine (COT) are tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarkers and the 3HC/COT ratio is a marker of CYP2A6 activity, an enzyme which metabolizes nicotine. The primary objective was to assess the associations of these TSE biomarkers with sociodemographics and TSE patterns in children who lived with ≥1 smoker. (2) Methods: A convenience sample of 288 children (mean age (SD) = 6.42 (4.8) years) was recruited. Multiple linear regression models were built to assess associations of sociodemographics and TSE patterns with urinary biomarker response variables: (1) 3HC, (2) COT, (3) 3HC+COT sum, and (4) 3HC/COT ratio. (3) Results: All children had detectable 3HC (Geometric Mean [GeoM] = 32.03 ng/mL, 95%CI = 26.97, 38.04) and COT (GeoM = 10.24 ng/mL, 95%CI = 8.82, 11.89). Children with higher cumulative TSE had higher 3HC and COT ( <semantics> β ^ </semantics> = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.06, p = 0.015 and <semantics> β ^ </semantics> = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.05, p = 0.013, respectively). Highest 3HC+COT sum levels were in children who were Black ( <semantics> β ^ </semantics> = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.04, 1.17, p = 0.039) and who had higher cumulative TSE ( <semantics> β ^ </semantics> = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.06, p = 0.015). Lowest 3HC/COT ratios were in children who were Black ( <semantics> β ^ </semantics> = −0.42, 95%CI = −0.78, −0.07, p = 0.021) and female ( <semantics> β ^ </semantics> = −0.32, 95%CI = −0.62, −0.01, p = 0.044). (4) Conclusion: Results indicate that there are racial and age-related differences in TSE, most likely due to slower nicotine metabolism in non-Hispanic Black children and in younger children.
Keywords	cotinine ; trans -3′-hydroxy cotinine ; biomarker ; children ; tobacco smoke exposure ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High Levels of the Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNAL and Associated Findings in Children of Smokers

E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens / Georg E Matt / Ashley L Merianos

Biomarker Insights, Vol

A Case Series

2022 Volume 17

Abstract: High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers’ children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. ... ...

Abstract	High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers’ children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. Therefore, we conducted a case series to examine the sociodemographics, TSE and clinical patterns, and other TSE biomarker levels in 9 children with extreme NNAL levels of >200 pg/ml to generate hypotheses and explore potential causes and implications. We identified 0 to 4-year-olds who presented to an emergency setting and lived with ⩾1 smoker who were part of a parental tobacco cessation trial (n = 461). Of these children, 52 had urinary NNAL, cotinine, and N-oxides results (n = 52). Nine children (17.3%) had NNAL levels >200 pg/ml, ranging from 206.4 to 1399.0 pg/ml (Median (Mdn) = 489.2 pg/ml; Interquartile Range (IQR) = 222.7-1289.3 pg/ml). The cotinine Mdn (IQR) was 38.5 (10.3-102.2) ng/ml and the N-oxides Mdn (IQR) = 93.8 (24.7-109.6) pg/ml. While all biomarker levels were alarmingly high, these young children would not have been flagged for very high cancer risk based on urinary cotinine levels alone. This underscores the critical role of comprehensive TSE biomarker measurement in capturing different TSE exposure patterns and assessing children’s future risk for cancer and other TSE-related morbidities.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comment regarding categorization of Third-hand smoke exposure in "Third-hand Exposure at Homes: Assessment Using Salivary Cotinine".

Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda / Merianos, Ashley L / Matt, Georg E

Environmental research

2021 Volume 195, Page(s) 110595

MeSH term(s)	Cotinine/analysis ; Saliva/chemistry ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Chemical Substances	Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Cotinine (K5161X06LL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2020.110595
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Article: Effects of Smoking on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: A Study of

Li, Jiang / Martinez, Meghan C / Frosch, Dominick L / Matt, Georg E

Tobacco use insights

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 1179173X221114799

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 continues to impact vulnerable populations disproportionally. Identifying modifiable risk factors could lead to targeted interventions to reduce infections. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for testing ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 continues to impact vulnerable populations disproportionally. Identifying modifiable risk factors could lead to targeted interventions to reduce infections. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Using electronic health records collected from a large ambulatory care system in northern and central California, the study identified patients who had a test for SARS-CoV-2 between 2/20/2020 and 3/31/2021. The adjusted effect of active and passive smoking and other risk factors on the probability of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were conducted in 2021. Results: Of 556 690 eligible patients in our sample, 70 564 (12.7%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Younger age, being male, racial/ethnic minorities, and having mild major comorbidities were significantly associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Current smokers (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66-0.73) and former smokers (adjusted OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.95) were less likely than nonsmokers to be lab-confirmed positive, but no statistically significant differences were found when comparing passive smokers with non-smokers. The patients with missing smoking status (25.7%) were more likely to be members of vulnerable populations with major comorbidities (adjusted OR ranges from severe: 2.52, 95% CI = 2.36-2.69 to mild: 3.28, 95% CI = 3.09-3.48), lower income (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.85-0.86), aged 80 years or older (adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16), have less access to primary care (adjusted OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.07-0.07), and identify as racial ethnic minorities (adjusted OR ranges from Hispanic: 1.61, 95% CI = 1.56-1.65 to Non-Hispanic Black: 2.60, 95% CI = 2.5-2.69). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were significantly lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Other risk factors include missing data on smoking status, being under 18, being male, being a racial/ethnic minority, and having mild major comorbidities. Since those with missing data on smoking status were more likely to be members of vulnerable populations with higher smoking rates, the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among smokers may have been underestimated due to missing data on smoking status. Future studies should investigate the risk of severe outcomes among active and passive smokers, the role that exposure to tobacco smoke constitutes among nonsmokers, the role of comorbidities in COVID-19 disease course, and health disparities experienced by disadvantaged groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2532401-9
ISSN	1179-173X
ISSN	1179-173X
DOI	10.1177/1179173X221114799
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Article ; Online: Distinguishing Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke among U.S. Children Using Machine Learning: NHANES 2013-2016.

Merianos, Ashley L / Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda / Stone, Timothy M / Jandarov, Roman A / Wang, Lanqing / Bhandari, Deepak / Blount, Benjamin C / Matt, Georg E

Environmental science & technology

2023 Volume 57, Issue 5, Page(s) 2042–2053

Abstract: While the thirdhand smoke (THS) residue from tobacco smoke has been recognized as a distinct public health hazard, there are currently no gold standard biomarkers to differentiate THS from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. This study used machine learning ...

Abstract	While the thirdhand smoke (THS) residue from tobacco smoke has been recognized as a distinct public health hazard, there are currently no gold standard biomarkers to differentiate THS from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. This study used machine learning algorithms to assess which combinations of biomarkers and reported tobacco smoke exposure measures best differentiate children into three groups: no/minimal tobacco smoke exposure (NEG); predominant THS exposure (TEG); and mixed SHS and THS exposure (MEG). Participants were 4485 nonsmoking 3-17-year-olds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. We fitted and tested random forest models, and the majority (76%) of children were classified in NEG, 16% were classified in TEG, and 8% were classified in MEG. The final classification model based on reported exposure, biomarker, and biomarker ratio variables had a prediction accuracy of 95%. This final model had prediction accuracies of 100% for NEG, 88% for TEG, followed by 71% for MEG. The most important predictors were the reported number of household smokers, serum cotinine, serum hydroxycotinine, and urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). In the absence of validated biomarkers specific to THS, comprehensive biomarker and questionnaire data for tobacco smoke exposure can distinguish children exposed to SHS and THS with high accuracy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Cotinine ; Biomarkers ; 1-Butanol ; Algorithms ; Nicotiana/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Cotinine (K5161X06LL) ; Biomarkers ; 1-Butanol (8PJ61P6TS3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.2c08121
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