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  1. Article ; Online: Role of protein S-Glutathionylation in cancer progression and development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs.

    Pal, Debojyoti / Rai, Archita / Checker, Rahul / Patwardhan, R S / Singh, Babita / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh K

    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

    2021  Volume 704, Page(s) 108890

    Abstract: ... by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues ... on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes ... recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance ...

    Abstract The survival, functioning and proliferation of mammalian cells are highly dependent on the cellular response and adaptation to changes in their redox environment. Cancer cells often live in an altered redox environment due to aberrant neo-vasculature, metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated proliferation. Thus, redox adaptations are critical for their survival. Glutathione plays an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside the cells by binding to redox-sensitive cysteine residues in proteins by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues from oxidation, but also serves as a sensor of redox status, and acts as a signal for stimulation of downstream processes and adaptive responses to ensure redox equilibrium. The present review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of the unique redox adaptations during carcinogenesis and cancer progression, focusing on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes including signalling, transcription, structural maintenance, mitochondrial functions, apoptosis and protein recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we provide a strong rationale for the development of redox targeting drugs for treatment of refractory/resistant cancers.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism ; Carcinogenesis/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 523-x
    ISSN 1096-0384 ; 0003-9861
    ISSN (online) 1096-0384
    ISSN 0003-9861
    DOI 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108890
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Role of protein S-Glutathionylation in cancer progression and development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs

    Pal, Debojyoti / Rai, Archita / Checker, Rahul / Patwardhan, R.S / Singh, Babita / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh K

    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 2021 June 15, v. 704

    2021  

    Abstract: ... by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues ... on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes ... recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance ...

    Abstract The survival, functioning and proliferation of mammalian cells are highly dependent on the cellular response and adaptation to changes in their redox environment. Cancer cells often live in an altered redox environment due to aberrant neo-vasculature, metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated proliferation. Thus, redox adaptations are critical for their survival. Glutathione plays an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside the cells by binding to redox-sensitive cysteine residues in proteins by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues from oxidation, but also serves as a sensor of redox status, and acts as a signal for stimulation of downstream processes and adaptive responses to ensure redox equilibrium. The present review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of the unique redox adaptations during carcinogenesis and cancer progression, focusing on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes including signalling, transcription, structural maintenance, mitochondrial functions, apoptosis and protein recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we provide a strong rationale for the development of redox targeting drugs for treatment of refractory/resistant cancers.
    Keywords apoptosis ; biophysics ; carcinogenesis ; cysteine ; drug therapy ; glutathione ; homeostasis ; mammals ; mitochondria ; neoplasm progression ; oxidation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0615
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 523-x
    ISSN 1096-0384 ; 0003-9861
    ISSN (online) 1096-0384
    ISSN 0003-9861
    DOI 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108890
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Future Perspectives of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Soluble Factors in Radioprotection.

    Kumar Maurya, Dharmendra / Kumar Sandur, Santosh

    Current stem cell research & therapy

    2023  

    Abstract: Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is also known as triple syndrome, which develops after whole-body radiation exposure. During unforeseen exposures, these syndromes are set in depending on the dose of radiation. Cell-based therapy, especially using stem ... ...

    Abstract Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is also known as triple syndrome, which develops after whole-body radiation exposure. During unforeseen exposures, these syndromes are set in depending on the dose of radiation. Cell-based therapy, especially using stem cells and their soluble factors, is gaining wide attention in the field of regenerative medicine to treat various diseases, including degenerative diseases. Stem cells attract prime attention because of their profound inherent tissue repair capability and regeneration potential. Further, stem cell therapy can be one of the promising strategies for the amelioration of ARS because of its ability to lodge in damaged tissue and release regenerative cytokines by sensing the local injury. In this regard, human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) have gained substantial attention for their applications in the treatment of various human diseases due to several advantages offered by them. This article is intended to provide future perspective on the use of WJ-MSCs for the management of accidental radiation injury in pre-clinical models, and finally, their utility in regeneration of damaged tissues and organs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2251937-3
    ISSN 2212-3946 ; 1574-888X
    ISSN (online) 2212-3946
    ISSN 1574-888X
    DOI 10.2174/1574888X18666230119103905
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hypoxia induces dichotomous and reversible attenuation of T cell responses through reactive oxygen species-dependent phenotype redistribution and delay in lymphoblast proliferation.

    Maurya, Dharmendra Kumar / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh Kumar

    Free radical research

    2023  Volume 57, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–13

    Abstract: ... Cell cycle analysis revealed maximum levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in dividing T cells (in S, G2 ...

    Abstract As T cells transit between blood, lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues, they experience varied levels of oxygen/hypoxia in inflamed tissues, skin, intestinal lining, and secondary lymphoid organs. Critical illness among COVID-19 patients is also associated with transient hypoxia and attenuation of T cell responses. Hypoxia is the fulcrum of altered metabolism, impaired functions, and cessation of growth of a subset of T cells. However, the restoration of normal T cell functions following transient hypoxia and kinetics of their phenotype-redistribution is not completely understood. Here, we sought to understand kinetics and reversibility of dichotomous T cell responses under sustained and transient hypoxia. We found that a subset of activated T cells accumulated as lymphoblasts under hypoxia. Further, T cells showed the normal expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 and inflammatory cytokine secretion but a subset exhibited delayed cell proliferation under hypoxia. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytosol and mitochondria were seen during dichotomous and reversible attenuation of T cell response under hypoxia. Cell cycle analysis revealed maximum levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in dividing T cells (in S, G2, or M phase). Hypoxic T cells also showed specific attenuation of activation induced memory phenotype conversion without affecting naïve and activated T cells. Hypoxia-related attenuation of T cell proliferation was also found to be reversible in an allogeneic leukocyte specific mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. In summary, our results show that hypoxia induces a reversible delay in proliferation of a subset of T cells which is associated with obliteration of memory phenotype and specific increase in cytosolic/mitochondrial ROS levels in actively dividing subpopulation. Thus, the transient reoxygenation of hypoxic patients may restore normal T cell responses.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; COVID-19 ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Phenotype
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1194130-3
    ISSN 1029-2470 ; 1071-5762
    ISSN (online) 1029-2470
    ISSN 1071-5762
    DOI 10.1080/10715762.2023.2178918
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Txnrd1 as a prognosticator for recurrence, metastasis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.

    Patwardhan, Raghavendra S / Rai, Archita / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh K / Patwardhan, Sejal

    Heliyon

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) e27011

    Abstract: Thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1) is known to have prognostic significance in a subset of breast cancer patients. Despite the pivotal role of Txnrd1 in regulating several cellular and physiological processes in cancer progression and metastasis, its ... ...

    Abstract Thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1) is known to have prognostic significance in a subset of breast cancer patients. Despite the pivotal role of Txnrd1 in regulating several cellular and physiological processes in cancer progression and metastasis, its clinical significance is largely unrecognized. Here, we undertook a retrospective comprehensive meta-analysis of 13,322 breast cancer patients from 43 independent cohorts to assess prognostic and predictive roles of Txnrd1. We observed that Txnrd1 has a positive correlation with tumor grade and size and it is over-expressed in higher-grade and larger tumors. Further, hormone receptor-negative and HER2-positive tumors exhibit elevated Txnrd1 gene expression. Patients with elevated Txnrd1 expression exhibit significant hazards for shorter disease-specific and overall survival. While Txnrd1 has a positive correlation with tumor recurrence and metastasis, it has a negative correlation with time to recurrence and metastasis. Txnrd1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Picosecond laser-induced hybrid groove structures on Ti-6Al-4V bio-alloy to accelerate osseointegration.

    Kedia, S / Checker, R / Sandur, S K / Nilaya, J P

    Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials

    2023  Volume 111, Issue 10, Page(s) 1775–1784

    Abstract: Regulating cell growth, extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization of artificial implants are some important parameters that decide the longevity of implants in the body. Picosecond laser-induced hybrid groove structures have been shown to ... ...

    Abstract Regulating cell growth, extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization of artificial implants are some important parameters that decide the longevity of implants in the body. Picosecond laser-induced hybrid groove structures have been shown to improve these properties of the Ti-6Al-4V bio-alloy. Two hybrid structures containing groove patterns with periodic and non-periodic substructures therein were generated on Ti-6Al-4V by varying the extent of laser pulse overlapping on sample surface. Laser-induced alteration in surface topography, chemical composition and wettability of Ti-6Al-4V resulted in 3-fold increase in the rate of hydroxyapatite growth, 2.5-fold increment in protein adsorption and 2-fold enhancement in cell adhesion in comparison to pristine sample. While the periodic substructure was found to guide cell growth, the nonperiodic sub structure offered homogenous growth leading to higher overall cell density on the substrate surface.
    MeSH term(s) Osseointegration ; Lasers ; Titanium/chemistry ; Alloys ; Surface Properties
    Chemical Substances titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) (12743-70-3) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE) ; Alloys
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2099992-6
    ISSN 1552-4981 ; 1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
    ISSN (online) 1552-4981
    ISSN 1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
    DOI 10.1002/jbm.b.35284
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Thioredoxin reductase: An emerging pharmacologic target for radiosensitization of cancer.

    Patwardhan, Raghavendra S / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh K

    Translational oncology

    2022  Volume 17, Page(s) 101341

    Abstract: Novel agents are required to increase the radiosensitivity of cancer and improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduce the oxidized cysteine thiols in several proteins, which regulate cellular redox, ... ...

    Abstract Novel agents are required to increase the radiosensitivity of cancer and improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduce the oxidized cysteine thiols in several proteins, which regulate cellular redox, survival, proliferation, DNA synthesis, transcription factor activity and apoptosis. TrxR is essential for maintaining a conducive redox state for tumor growth, survival and resistance to therapy. Therefore, it is an appealing pharmacological target for the radiosensitization of tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to cause cytotoxicity through ROS, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Inhibition of thioredoxin system augments IR induced oxidative stress and potentiates cytotoxic effects. However, TrxR also regulates several critical cellular processes in normal cells. Here, we highlight the pre-clinical research and pharmacological studies to surmise possible utility of different TrxR inhibitors for radiosensitization. This review provides a succinct perspective on the role of TrxR inhibitors during the radiotherapy of cancer.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2443840-6
    ISSN 1936-5233
    ISSN 1936-5233
    DOI 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101341
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Clobetasol propionate, a Nrf-2 inhibitor, sensitizes human lung cancer cells to radiation-induced killing via mitochondrial ROS-dependent ferroptosis.

    Rai, Archita / Patwardhan, Raghavendra S / Jayakumar, Sundarraj / Pachpatil, Pradnya / Das, Dhruv / Panigrahi, Girish Ch / Gota, Vikram / Patwardhan, Sejal / Sandur, Santosh K

    Acta pharmacologica Sinica

    2024  

    Abstract: Combining radiotherapy with Nrf-2 inhibitor holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for radioresistant lung cancer. Here, the radiosensitizing efficacy of a synthetic glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (CP) in A549 human lung cancer cells was ...

    Abstract Combining radiotherapy with Nrf-2 inhibitor holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for radioresistant lung cancer. Here, the radiosensitizing efficacy of a synthetic glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (CP) in A549 human lung cancer cells was evaluated. CP exhibited potent radiosensitization in lung cancer cells via inhibition of Nrf-2 pathway, leading to elevation of oxidative stress. Transcriptomic studies revealed significant modulation of pathways related to ferroptosis, fatty acid and glutathione metabolism. Consistent with these findings, CP treatment followed by radiation exposure showed characteristic features of ferroptosis in terms of mitochondrial swelling, rupture and loss of cristae. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron-dependent ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In combination with radiation, CP showed enhanced iron release, mitochondrial ROS, and lipid peroxidation, indicating ferroptosis induction. Further, iron chelation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation or scavenging mitochondrial ROS prevented CP-mediated radiosensitization. Nrf-2 negatively regulates ferroptosis through upregulation of antioxidant defense and iron homeostasis. Interestingly, Nrf-2 overexpressing A549 cells were refractory to CP-mediated ferroptosis induction and radiosensitization. Thus, this study identified anti-psoriatic drug clobetasol propionate can be repurposed as a promising radiosensitizer for Keap-1 mutant lung cancers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1360774-1
    ISSN 1745-7254 ; 0253-9756 ; 1671-4083
    ISSN (online) 1745-7254
    ISSN 0253-9756 ; 1671-4083
    DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01233-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone, selectively protects normal lymphocytes against ionizing radiation induced apoptosis and genotoxicity via activation of ERK/Nrf-2/HO-1 axis.

    Checker, Rahul / Bhilwade, H N / Nandha, Shivani R / Patwardhan, Raghavendra S / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh K

    Toxicology and applied pharmacology

    2023  Volume 461, Page(s) 116389

    Abstract: Increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medicine, industry, agriculture and research ensues potential health hazards if not used properly or contained effectively. However, radioprotectors which are effective in clinical and/or accidental radiation ... ...

    Abstract Increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medicine, industry, agriculture and research ensues potential health hazards if not used properly or contained effectively. However, radioprotectors which are effective in clinical and/or accidental radiation exposures are still elusive. In this direction, we have explored the radioprotective potential of Withaferin A, a plant withanolide, which was recently shown to be safe and well tolerated in cancer patients in a clinical trial and is also known to be a radio-sensitizer in cancer cells. Our results show that, Withaferin A (WA) protected only normal lymphocytes, but not cancer cells, against IR-induced apoptosis and offered radioprotection even when added post-radiation exposure. WA treatment led to significant inhibition of IR-induced caspase-3 activation and decreased IR-induced DNA damage to lymphocytes and bone-marrow cells. WA reduced intracellular ROS and GSH levels and only thiol based anti-oxidants could abrogate the radio-protective effects of WA, indicating a crucial role of cellular/protein thiols in its biological activity. The inability of WA-glutathione adduct to offer radioprotection further underscored the role of cellular thiols. WA induced pro-survival transcription factor, Nrf-2, and expression of cytoprotective genes HO-1, catalase, SOD, peroxiredoxin-2 via ERK. Further, WA administration could rescue mice against radiation induced mortality, DNA damage, increase in micro-nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mn-PCEs) and increased ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to Normochromatic Erythrocytes (NCEs) in bone-marrow, demonstrating its potent in vivo the radio-protective efficacy. In conclusion, WA selectively protects normal cells against IR-induced apoptosis via activation of cytoprotective Nrf-2 pathway.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Withanolides/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Apoptosis ; DNA Damage ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds
    Chemical Substances withaferin A (L6DO3QW4K5) ; Withanolides ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; Sulfhydryl Compounds
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 204477-8
    ISSN 1096-0333 ; 0041-008X
    ISSN (online) 1096-0333
    ISSN 0041-008X
    DOI 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116389
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Role and management of oxidative stress in human disease.

    Checker, Rahul / Sharma, Deepak / Sandur, Santosh K / Toyokuni, Shinya

    Free radical research

    2021  Volume 55, Issue 8, Page(s) 755–757

    MeSH term(s) Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1194130-3
    ISSN 1029-2470 ; 1071-5762
    ISSN (online) 1029-2470
    ISSN 1071-5762
    DOI 10.1080/10715762.2021.1991083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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