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Article ; Online: Headaches During COVID-19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature.

Belvis, Robert

2020 Volume 60, Issue 7, Page(s) 1422–1426

Abstract: Objective: To analyze headaches related to COVID-19 based on personal case experience.: Background: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first reported case happened in Wuhan on December 1, 2019. At present, at least ...

Abstract	Objective: To analyze headaches related to COVID-19 based on personal case experience. Background: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first reported case happened in Wuhan on December 1, 2019. At present, at least 1.8 million people are infected around the world and almost 110,000 people have died. Many studies have analyzed the clinical picture of COVID-19, but they are focused on respiratory symptoms and headache is generically treated. Methods: I describe and discuss my headaches during my COVID-19 and I review the MEDLINE literature about headaches and COVID-19. Results: More than 41,000 COVID-19 patients have been included in clinical studies and headache was present in 8%-12% of them. However, no headache characterization was made in these studies. As a headache expert and based on my own personal clinical case, headaches related to COVID-19 can be classified in the 2 phases of the disease. Acute headache attributed to systemic viral infection, primary cough headache, tension-type headache and headache attributed to heterophoria can appear in the first phase (the influenza-like phase); and headache attributed to hypoxia and a new headache, difficult to fit into the ICHD3, can appear if the second phase (the cytokine storm phase) occurs. Conclusions: Several headaches can appear during COVID-19 infection. All of them are headaches specified in the ICHD3, except 1 that occurs from the 7th day after the clinical onset. This headache is probably related to the cytokine storm that some patients suffer and it could be framed under the ICHD3 headache of Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory intracranial disease. Although the reported prevalence of headaches as a symptom of COVID-19 infection is low, this experience shows that, very probably, it is underestimated.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Headache/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	410130-3
ISSN	1526-4610 ; 0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
ISSN	0017-8748
DOI	10.1111/head.13841
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Article ; Online: Headaches During COVID‐19

Belvis, Robert

Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain

My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature

2020 Volume 60, Issue 7, Page(s) 1422–1426

Keywords	Neurology ; Clinical Neurology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	410130-3
ISSN	1526-4610 ; 0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
ISSN	0017-8748
DOI	10.1111/head.13841
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Headaches During COVID-19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature

Belvis, Robert

Headache

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze headaches related to COVID-19 based on personal case experience. BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first reported case happened in Wuhan on December 1, 2019. At present, at least 1.8 ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVE: To analyze headaches related to COVID-19 based on personal case experience. BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first reported case happened in Wuhan on December 1, 2019. At present, at least 1.8 million people are infected around the world and almost 110,000 people have died. Many studies have analyzed the clinical picture of COVID-19, but they are focused on respiratory symptoms and headache is generically treated. METHODS: I describe and discuss my headaches during my COVID-19 and I review the MEDLINE literature about headaches and COVID-19. RESULTS: More than 41,000 COVID-19 patients have been included in clinical studies and headache was present in 8%-12% of them. However, no headache characterization was made in these studies. As a headache expert and based on my own personal clinical case, headaches related to COVID-19 can be classified in the 2 phases of the disease. Acute headache attributed to systemic viral infection, primary cough headache, tension-type headache and headache attributed to heterophoria can appear in the first phase (the influenza-like phase); and headache attributed to hypoxia and a new headache, difficult to fit into the ICHD3, can appear if the second phase (the cytokine storm phase) occurs. CONCLUSIONS: Several headaches can appear during COVID-19 infection. All of them are headaches specified in the ICHD3, except 1 that occurs from the 7th day after the clinical onset. This headache is probably related to the cytokine storm that some patients suffer and it could be framed under the ICHD3 headache of Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory intracranial disease. Although the reported prevalence of headaches as a symptom of COVID-19 infection is low, this experience shows that, very probably, it is underestimated.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #277014
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Benito's neuralgia: the first description of the occipital neuralgia was made for Spanish doctors at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

Belvís, Robert / Guerrero, Ángel L

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

2019 Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 2425–2429

Abstract: Background: The occipital neuralgia affects 3 out of every 100,000 people and includes the neuralgia of the greater occipital nerve (GON) and the neuralgia of the minor and third occipital nerves. These nerves emerge from the posterior branches of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The occipital neuralgia affects 3 out of every 100,000 people and includes the neuralgia of the greater occipital nerve (GON) and the neuralgia of the minor and third occipital nerves. These nerves emerge from the posterior branches of the first cervical roots, innervate the muscles of the nape, and provide the sensitivity of the scalp. The most frequent issue is not to find causes that justify neuralgia for what is usually idiopathic. The nerve that most often causes neuralgia is the GON that is usually wrongly called Arnold's nerve, so neuralgia is also called Arnold's neuralgia. Methods: We have reviewed the first description of occipital neuralgia. Results: Two Spanish doctors, José Benito Lentijo and Mateo Martínez Ramos, had already described in detail the neuralgia of the GON before Arnold was born. The first clinical case of occipital neuralgia due to GON involvement was published by them in a Spanish medical journal in 1821, and they called it cervico-suboccipital neuralgia. Conclusion: We claim in this article the role of these two Spanish doctors in the history of Neurology.
MeSH term(s)	Headache Disorders/history ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Neuralgia/history ; Spain ; Spinal Nerves/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-15
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016546-8
ISSN	1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
ISSN (online)	1590-3478
ISSN	1590-1874
DOI	10.1007/s10072-019-03734-5
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Article ; Online: Thrombolysis for acute stroke in pediatrics.

Belvís, Robert

Stroke

2007 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 1722–1723

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Pediatrics/methods ; Pediatrics/trends ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effects ; Thrombolytic Therapy/methods ; Thrombolytic Therapy/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	80381-9
ISSN	1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
ISSN	0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
DOI	10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.487116
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Article ; Online: Migraine treatment consensus document of the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN), Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), Society of Primary Care Medicine (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Association of Migraine and Headache (AEMICE) on migraine treatment.

Belvís, Robert / Irimia, Pablo / González, Nuria / García-Ull, Jésica / Pozo-Rosich, Patricia / López-Bravo, Alba / Morollón, Noemí / Quintas, Sonia / Plana, Antoni / Baz, Pablo Gregorio / Tentor, Ana / Gallego Artiles, Natalia / León, Francisco Javier / Pérez Martín, Miguel / Rivera, Inés / Ramírez, Raquel / Colomina, Isabel / Lainez, José Miguel / Pascual, Julio

Medicina clinica

2024

Abstract: Migraine is a disease with a high prevalence and incidence, in addition to being highly disabling, causing a great impact on the patient's quality of life at a personal, family and work level, but also social, given its high expense due to its direct ( ... ...

Title translation	Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Neurología (SEN), Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (SEMFYC), Sociedad de Medicina de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y Asociación Española de Migraña y Cefalea (AEMICE) sobre el tratamiento de la migraña.
Abstract	Migraine is a disease with a high prevalence and incidence, in addition to being highly disabling, causing a great impact on the patient's quality of life at a personal, family and work level, but also social, given its high expense due to its direct (care) and indirect (presenteeism and work absenteeism) costs. The multiple and recent developments in its pathophysiological knowledge and in its therapy require updating and, therefore, in this article the Spanish scientific societies most involved in its study and treatment (SEN, SEMFYC and SEMERGEN), together with the Association Spanish Association for Patients with Migraine and other Headaches (AEMICE), we have developed these updated care recommendations. We reviewed the treatment of migraine attacks, which consisted mainly of the use of NSAIDs and triptans, to which ditans and gepants have been added. We also discuss preventive treatment consisting of oral preventive drugs, botulinum toxin, and treatments that block the action of calcitonin-related peptide (CGRP). Finally, we emphasize that pharmacological treatments must be complementary to carrying out general measures consisting of identifying and managing/deletion the precipitating factors of the attacks and the chronicizing factors, controlling the comorbidities of migraine and eliminating analgesic overuse.
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Practice Guideline
ZDB-ID	411607-0
ISSN	1578-8989 ; 0025-7753
ISSN (online)	1578-8989
ISSN	0025-7753
DOI	10.1016/j.medcli.2024.02.006
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Article: Cutaneous Allodynia in Migraine: A Narrative Review.

Mínguez-Olaondo, Ane / Quintas, Sonia / Morollón Sánchez-Mateos, Noemí / López-Bravo, Alba / Vila-Pueyo, Marta / Grozeva, Vesselina / Belvís, Robert / Santos-Lasaosa, Sonia / Irimia, Pablo

Frontiers in neurology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 831035

Abstract: Objective: In the present work, we conduct a narrative review of the most relevant literature on cutaneous allodynia (CA) in migraine.: Background: CA is regarded as the perception of pain in response to non-noxious skin stimulation. The number of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: In the present work, we conduct a narrative review of the most relevant literature on cutaneous allodynia (CA) in migraine. Background: CA is regarded as the perception of pain in response to non-noxious skin stimulation. The number of research studies relating to CA and migraine has increased strikingly over the last few decades. Therefore, the clinician treating migraine patients must recognize this common symptom and have up-to-date knowledge of its importance from the pathophysiological, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic point of view. Methods: We performed a comprehensive narrative review to analyze existing literature regarding CA in migraine, with a special focus on epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment methods, risk for chronification, diagnosis and management. PubMed and the Cochrane databases were used for the literature search. Results: The prevalence of CA in patients with migraine is approximately 60%. The mechanisms underlying CA in migraine are not completely clarified but include a sensitization phenomenon at different levels of the trigemino-talamo-cortical nociceptive pathway and dysfunction of brainstem and cortical areas that modulate thalamocortical inputs. The gold standard for the assessment of CA is quantitative sensory testing (QST), but the validated Allodynia 12-item questionnaire is preferred in clinical setting. The presence of CA is associated with an increased risk of migraine chronification and has therapeutic implications. Conclusions: CA is a marker of central sensitization in patients with migraine that has been associated with an increased risk of chronification and may influence therapeutic decisions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2021.831035
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Article ; Online: Treatment of chronic migraine with intramuscular pericranial injections of onabotulinumtoxin a.

Belvis, Robert / Mas, Natalia

Recent patents on CNS drug discovery

2014 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 181–192

Abstract: Chronic migraine is the most frequent and disabling complication of migraine. To date, only two drugs have been specifically analysed for the treatment of chronic migraine, topiramate and onabotulinumtoxin A, and in the evidence-based medicine categories, ...

Abstract	Chronic migraine is the most frequent and disabling complication of migraine. To date, only two drugs have been specifically analysed for the treatment of chronic migraine, topiramate and onabotulinumtoxin A, and in the evidence-based medicine categories, they have achieved level of evidence I and as such, a grade of recommendation A according to current guidelines. Following the PREEMPT paradigm, pericranial intramuscular onabotulinumtoxin A injections show a good efficacy and safety in chronic migraine patients, both in phase III randomized clinical trials and in a pooled data analyses. Onabotulinumtoxin A injections reduce the number of days of headache and migraine, they reduce the consumption of triptans and disability, and improve the quality of life of migraine patients. For these reasons, onabotulinumtoxin type A is an option as valid as topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Migraine Disorders/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Botulinum Toxins, Type A (EC 3.4.24.69)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-30
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2253602-4
ISSN	2212-3954 ; 1574-8898
ISSN (online)	2212-3954
ISSN	1574-8898
DOI	10.2174/1574889810666150131124603
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Article ; Online: Post-COVID-19 fatigue: the contribution of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Calabria, Marco / García-Sánchez, Carmen / Grunden, Nicholas / Pons, Catalina / Arroyo, Juan Antonio / Gómez-Anson, Beatriz / Estévez García, Marina Del Carmen / Belvís, Roberto / Morollón, Noemí / Vera Igual, Javier / Mur, Isabel / Pomar, Virginia / Domingo, Pere

Journal of neurology

2022 Volume 269, Issue 8, Page(s) 3990–3999

Abstract: Fatigue in its many forms of physical, mental, and psychosocial exhaustion is a common symptom of post-COVID-19 condition, also known as "Long COVID." Persistent fatigue in COVID-19 patients is frequently accompanied by cognitive dysfunction and ... ...

Abstract	Fatigue in its many forms of physical, mental, and psychosocial exhaustion is a common symptom of post-COVID-19 condition, also known as "Long COVID." Persistent fatigue in COVID-19 patients is frequently accompanied by cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms; however, less is known about the relationships between these components of post-COVID-19 condition and fatigue itself. Consequently, the present study sought to (1) distinguish the types of fatigue experienced by participants, and (2) investigate whether cognitive deficits across various domains and neuropsychiatric conditions predicted these different types of fatigue. The study included 136 COVID-19 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation due to cognitive complaints 8 months on average after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Measures included self-reported fatigue (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial), neuropsychiatric questionnaires (assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, apathy, and executive functioning), a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and self-reported quality of life and everyday functioning. Results showed that reports of clinical significant fatigue were pervasive in our sample (82.3% of participants), with physical fatigue rated highest on average relative to the subscale maximum. Elevated levels of apathy, anxiety, and executive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric measures along with executive and attentional difficulties on cognitive tests were found to be consistently important predictors among different types of fatigue. This implicates both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of fatigue in post-COVID-19 condition, and stresses the importance of a holistic approach in assessing and considering potential treatment for COVID-19 patients experiencing fatigue.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Depression/diagnosis ; Fatigue/diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-022-11141-8
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Article ; Online: Neuropsychological deficits in patients with cognitive complaints after COVID-19.

García-Sánchez, Carmen / Calabria, Marco / Grunden, Nicholas / Pons, Catalina / Arroyo, Juan Antonio / Gómez-Anson, Beatriz / Lleó, Alberto / Alcolea, Daniel / Belvís, Roberto / Morollón, Noemí / Mur, Isabel / Pomar, Virginia / Domingo, Pere

Brain and behavior

2022 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e2508

Abstract: Background: While much of the scientific focus thus far has been on cognitive sequelae in patients with severe COVID-19, subjective cognitive complaints are being reported across the spectrum of disease severity, with recent studies beginning to ... ...

Abstract	Background: While much of the scientific focus thus far has been on cognitive sequelae in patients with severe COVID-19, subjective cognitive complaints are being reported across the spectrum of disease severity, with recent studies beginning to corroborate patients' perceived deficits. In response to this, the aims of this study were to (1) explore the frequency of impaired performance across cognitive domains in post-COVID patients with subjective complaints and (2) uncover whether impairment existed within a single domain or across multiple. Methods: Sixty-three patients with subjective cognitive complaints post-COVID were assessed with a comprehensive protocol consisting of various neuropsychological tests and mood measures. Cognitive test performance was transformed into T scores and classified based on recommended guidelines. After performing a principal component analysis to define cognitive domain factors, distributions of test scores within and across domains were analyzed. Results: Results revealed pervasive impact on attention abilities, both as the singularly affected domain (19% of single-domain impairment) as well as coupled with decreased performance in executive functions, learning, and long-term memory. These salient attentional and associated executive deficits were largely unrelated to clinical factors such as hospitalization, disease duration, biomarkers, or affective measures. Discussion: These findings stress the importance of comprehensive evaluation and intervention to address cognitive sequelae in post-COVID patients of varying disease courses, not just those who were hospitalized or experienced severe symptoms. Future studies should investigate to what extent these cognitive abilities are recuperated over time as well as employ neuroimaging techniques to uncover underlying mechanisms of neural damage.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Cognition/physiology ; Cognition Disorders/complications ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Executive Function/physiology ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2623587-0
ISSN	2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
ISSN (online)	2162-3279
ISSN	2162-3279
DOI	10.1002/brb3.2508
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