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Article ; Online: Lung physiology and controlled exposure study design.

Lynch, Heather N / Goodman, Julie E / Bachman, Ammie N

Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

2021 Volume 112, Page(s) 107106

Abstract: ... affected by individual perception, physiological lung impairment, and other variables (e.g., concomitant ...

Abstract	Controlled human inhalation exposure ( CHIE) studies provide a unique opportunity to conduct formal experiments to examine the human health effects of airborne pollutants. Lung function, easily measured using spirometry, is a common physiological variable often utilized in these studies. By design, CHIE studies only induce mild and reversible acute effects, which may or may not predict adverse effects that may develop under chronic exposure conditions. There is substantial inter- and intra-individual variability in functional capacity and symptoms such as chest tightness and dyspnea, which are complex variables that are affected by individual perception, physiological lung impairment, and other variables (e.g., concomitant health conditions, and level of conditioning/fitness). Thus, the design of the CHIE study and physiological and environmental factors of study participants can affect each CHIE study's results. Researchers can address many of these critical issues in the problem formulation phase of CHIE studies, utilizing existing information on the expected effects of the substance of interest and possible modes of action. Thoughtful design and interpretation of CHIE studies will increase their utility for evaluating and setting environmental health policy.
MeSH term(s)	Environmental Pollutants ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Lung ; Research Design
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1105919-9
ISSN	1873-488X ; 1056-8719
ISSN (online)	1873-488X
ISSN	1056-8719
DOI	10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107106
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Article ; Online: Analysis of dermal exposure assessment in the US Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act risk evaluations of chemical manufacturing.

Lynch, Heather N / Gloekler, Lauren E / Allen, Laura H / Maskrey, Joshua R / Bevan, Christopher / Maier, Andrew

Toxicology and industrial health

2022 , Page(s) 7482337221140946

Abstract: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates chemical manufacture, import, processing, distribution, use, and disposal under the 2016 amended Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for the purposes of protecting the public and sensitive ...

Abstract	The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates chemical manufacture, import, processing, distribution, use, and disposal under the 2016 amended Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for the purposes of protecting the public and sensitive populations-including workers-from chemical exposure risk. The publication of several TSCA risk evaluations provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the evolving regulatory approach for assessing the dermal exposure pathway in occupational settings. In this analysis, the occupational dermal exposure assessment methods employed in several TSCA risk evaluations were assessed. Specifically, a methodology review was conducted for the occupational dermal scenarios of manufacturing and feedstock use in the risk evaluations of three chlorinated organic chemicals: trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and perchloroethylene. Additionally, alternative exposure estimates were generated using the exposure model IH SkinPerm
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	56831-4
ISSN	1477-0393 ; 0748-2337
ISSN (online)	1477-0393
ISSN	0748-2337
DOI	10.1177/07482337221140946
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Zs.A 2268: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Letter to the editor re: Guyton et al. (2018), 'Application of the key characteristics of carcinogens in cancer hazard identification'.

Goodman, Julie E / Lynch, Heather N / Rhomberg, Lorenz R

Carcinogenesis

2018 Volume 39, Issue 8, Page(s) 1089–1090

MeSH term(s)	Carcinogens ; Humans ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	603134-1
ISSN	1460-2180 ; 0143-3334
ISSN (online)	1460-2180
ISSN	0143-3334
DOI	10.1093/carcin/bgy066
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Article: Lung physiology and controlled exposure study design

Lynch, Heather N. / Goodman, Julie E. / Bachman, Ammie N.

Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods. 2021 Nov., Dec., v. 112

2021

Abstract: ... affected by individual perception, physiological lung impairment, and other variables (e.g., concomitant ...

Abstract	Controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies provide a unique opportunity to conduct formal experiments to examine the human health effects of airborne pollutants. Lung function, easily measured using spirometry, is a common physiological variable often utilized in these studies. By design, CHIE studies only induce mild and reversible acute effects, which may or may not predict adverse effects that may develop under chronic exposure conditions. There is substantial inter- and intra-individual variability in functional capacity and symptoms such as chest tightness and dyspnea, which are complex variables that are affected by individual perception, physiological lung impairment, and other variables (e.g., concomitant health conditions, and level of conditioning/fitness). Thus, the design of the CHIE study and physiological and environmental factors of study participants can affect each CHIE study's results.Researchers can address many of these critical issues in the problem formulation phase of CHIE studies, utilizing existing information on the expected effects of the substance of interest and possible modes of action. Thoughtful design and interpretation of CHIE studies will increase their utility for evaluating and setting environmental health policy.
Keywords	chest ; chronic exposure ; dyspnea ; environmental health ; experimental design ; health policy ; human health ; humans ; inhalation exposure ; lung function ; lungs ; toxicology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1105919-9
ISSN	1873-488X ; 1056-8719
ISSN (online)	1873-488X
ISSN	1056-8719
DOI	10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107106
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: More clarity needed in the Navigation Guide systematic review framework.

Goodman, Julie E / Lynch, Heather N / Beck, Nancy B

Environment international

2017 Volume 102, Page(s) 74–75

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.011
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Zs.A 3131: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Definitions, theories, and measurement of stress in children.

Lynch, Thuy / Davis, Sara L / Johnson, Ann Hammack / Gray, Laura / Coleman, Elizabeth / Phillips, Shameka Rogers / Soistmann, Heather C / Rice, Marti

Journal of pediatric nursing

2022 Volume 66, Page(s) 202–212

Abstract: ... through database searches (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar), gray literature sources (e.g., child ...

Abstract	Problem: Stress in children remains a complex concept to examine due to the inherent subjectivity and lack of specific manifestations, as well as the multiple ways stress can be defined and measured in children. Because stress is multifactorial,is experienced daily by children, and undergirds adolescent health and early mental illness, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of stress and the effects of stress in children from infancy through age twelve years. Eligibility criteria: To be included in this review, literature must pertain to and highlight theories, definitions/classifications, and measurements of stress in children from infancy to 12 years of age. Sample: The most pertinent articles identified through database searches (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar), gray literature sources (e.g., child health websites), and reference lists of identified articles were included in this narrative overview. Results: The results of this review are organized by themes and include: classifications and definitions of stress, stress-related theories, and tools to measure stress in children. Conclusions: Research addressing stressors and stress in children is limited, and there is wide variation in how researchers define and classify stress in children. Existing measures of stress in children younger than 12 address physiological, psychological, and observational components, but may be inconsistent and threaten validity of otherwise well-designed and well-executed studies. Implications: Improving the understanding and accurate measurement of stress in children enables researchers and clinicians to curtail undesirable health outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632731-x
ISSN	1532-8449 ; 0882-5963
ISSN (online)	1532-8449
ISSN	0882-5963
DOI	10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.008
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Zs.MO 375: Show issues

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Article: Raising the 'environmental question' in social work in Canada and Scotland.

Wilson, Tina E / Lynch, Heather / Fisch, Verena K

International social work

2022 Volume 66, Issue 6, Page(s) 1816–1830

Abstract: This article contributes a comparative review of social work in Canada and Scotland to international conversations about social work and the environment. The 'environmental question' of the 21st century is a radical challenge to social work developed in ... ...

Abstract	This article contributes a comparative review of social work in Canada and Scotland to international conversations about social work and the environment. The 'environmental question' of the 21st century is a radical challenge to social work developed in relation to the 'social question' of the 19th century. Work to begin to include the natural environment within high-income state social work can expect to encounter established infrastructures of thinking and doing that will be difficult to shift. We, therefore, compare guiding social work policy documents and identify points of tension that are likely to be shared across wealthy national contexts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050567-X
ISSN	1461-7234 ; 0020-8728
ISSN (online)	1461-7234
ISSN	0020-8728
DOI	10.1177/00208728221094415
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Article ; Online: The use of buprenorphine to-go packs in the emergency department.

Zimmerman, David E / Johnson, Benjamin / Kearns, Amanda / Metro, Heather / Robb, Abigail / Nemecek, Branden D / Montepara, Courtney A / Covvey, Jordan R / Lynch, Michael J

The American journal of emergency medicine

2023 Volume 77, Page(s) 154–157

Abstract: Objective: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Patients in the emergency department (ED) can be initiated or continued on buprenorphine as a bridge to follow-up in the outpatient setting, but gaps in care may arise. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Patients in the emergency department (ED) can be initiated or continued on buprenorphine as a bridge to follow-up in the outpatient setting, but gaps in care may arise. The objective was to evaluate the impact of buprenorphine to-go packs as a continuing treatment option for patients presenting to the ED with OUD across a health system. Methods: Adult patients discharged with a buprenorphine to-go pack from one of ten EDs within a major health system were included. The primary outcomes assessed within 30 days of ED discharge were: (1) return to a health system ED, and (2) fill history of buprenorphine in the state prescription drug monitoring program database. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA). Results: A total of 124 patients received buprenorphine to-go packs. The sample was primarily male (79; 63.7%), white (89; 71.8%), on Medicaid (79; 63.7%), and had a mean age of 40.9 years. A total of 43 patients (34.7%) were initiated on buprenorphine for the first time, while 81 (65.3%) had received buprenorphine (prescription or to-go) previously. At 30 days post-visit, 76 (61.3%) had filled buprenorphine prescriptions, and 40 (32.3%) returned to an ED within the health system for opioid withdrawal (17; 42.5%), non-OUD-related reasons (22; 55%), or overdose (1; 2.5%). Conclusion: The implementation of a system-wide buprenorphine to-go supply at ED discharge is a feasible option to provide continuity of care to patients with OUD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; United States ; Humans ; Male ; Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Buprenorphine (40D3SCR4GZ) ; Narcotic Antagonists
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605890-5
ISSN	1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
ISSN (online)	1532-8171
ISSN	0735-6757
DOI	10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.025
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Article ; Online: Critique of the ACGIH 2016 derivation of toluene diisocyanate Threshold Limit Values.

Lynch, Heather N / Prueitt, Robyn L / Goodman, Julie E

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2018 Volume 97, Page(s) 189–196

Abstract: In 2016, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) lowered the 8-hr Threshold Limit Value - time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) from 5 ppb to 1 ppb, and the 15-min short-term exposure limit (STEL) ... ...

Abstract	In 2016, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) lowered the 8-hr Threshold Limit Value - time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) from 5 ppb to 1 ppb, and the 15-min short-term exposure limit (STEL) from 20 ppb to 5 ppb. We evaluated ACGIH's basis for lowering these values. It is our opinion that the ACGIH's evaluation of the evidence for occupational asthma and respiratory effects from TDI exposure does not fully integrate the results of all the available human and animal studies. We found that some studies reported occupational asthma cases at TWAs less than 5 ppb, but these cases were likely caused by peak exposures above 20 ppb. Advances in industrial hygiene have reduced peak exposures and the incidence of upset conditions, such as spills and accidents, in modern TDI facilities. Taken together, the human evidence indicates that adherence to the previous 8-hr TLV-TWA and 15-min STEL (5 ppb and 20 ppb, respectively) prevents most, if not all, cases of occupational asthma, and eliminates or reduces the risk of lung function decrements and other respiratory effects. While limited, the animal literature supports the human evidence and indicates that TDI-induced asthma is a threshold phenomenon. We conclude that ACGIH's decision to lower the TLV-TWA and STEL values for TDI is not adequately supported.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects ; Animals ; Asthma, Occupational/chemically induced ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Health ; Threshold Limit Values ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate/administration & dosage ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate (17X7AFZ1GH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.017
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Article ; Online: Altering the Immunogenicity of Hemagglutinin Immunogens by Hyperglycosylation and Disulfide Stabilization.

Thornlow, Dana N / Macintyre, Andrew N / Oguin, Thomas H / Karlsson, Amelia B / Stover, Erica L / Lynch, Heather E / Sempowski, Gregory D / Schmidt, Aaron G

Frontiers in immunology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 737973

Abstract: Influenza virus alters glycosylation patterns on its surface exposed glycoproteins to evade host adaptive immune responses. The viral hemagglutinin (HA), in particular the H3 subtype, has increased its overall surface glycosylation since its introduction ...

Abstract	Influenza virus alters glycosylation patterns on its surface exposed glycoproteins to evade host adaptive immune responses. The viral hemagglutinin (HA), in particular the H3 subtype, has increased its overall surface glycosylation since its introduction in 1968. We previously showed that modulating predicted N-linked glycosylation sites on H3 A/Hong Kong/1/1968 HA identified a conserved epitope at the HA interface. This epitope is occluded on the native HA trimer but is likely exposed during HA "breathing" on the virion surface. Antibodies directed to this site are protective
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Cysteine ; Female ; Glycosylation ; HEK293 Cells ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunization ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Influenza Vaccines/genetics ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Engineering ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Influenza Vaccines ; Cysteine (K848JZ4886)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.737973
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