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Article ; Online: Estimating the Prevalence and Burden of Multiple Sclerosis in China Using the Global Burden of Disease Study: Challenges and Future Directions.

Palladino, Raffaele / Monasta, Lorenzo

2024 Volume 102, Issue 11, Page(s) e209521

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Global Burden of Disease/trends ; Cost of Illness
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000209521
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Article ; Online: How Far Are We in Translating the Multiple Sclerosis Prodromes in Clinical Practice?

Palladino, Raffaele / Strijbis, Eva M M

Neurology

2023 Volume 101, Issue 20, Page(s) 873–874

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Bipolar Disorder
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000207989
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Article ; Online: Deciphering a Prodrome: Looking for a Disease in a Haystack

Marrie, Ruth Ann / Palladino, Raffaele

Neurology

2023 Volume 101, Issue 24, Page(s) 1083–1084

Abstract: In many chronic diseases, the underlying biological processes begin long before the condition is clinically recognized and diagnosed. After biologic onset of the disease an early, often nonspecific, set of symptoms, or prodrome, may develop before more ... ...

Abstract	In many chronic diseases, the underlying biological processes begin long before the condition is clinically recognized and diagnosed. After biologic onset of the disease an early, often nonspecific, set of symptoms, or prodrome, may develop before more characteristic symptoms of the disease present. For instance, in Parkinson disease (PD), some of the earliest manifestations, such as smell or taste dysfunction, may occur 2 decades before typical symptoms, such as tremor, appear.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000208070
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Article ; Online: Charting new AI education in gastroenterology: Cross-sectional evaluation of ChatGPT and perplexity AI in medical residency exam.

Gravina, Antonietta Gerarda / Pellegrino, Raffaele / Palladino, Giovanna / Imperio, Giuseppe / Ventura, Andrea / Federico, Alessandro

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver

2024

Abstract: Background: Conversational chatbots, fueled by large language models, spark debate over their potential in education and medical career exams. There is debate in the literature about the scientific integrity of the outputs produced by these chatbots.: ...

Abstract	Background: Conversational chatbots, fueled by large language models, spark debate over their potential in education and medical career exams. There is debate in the literature about the scientific integrity of the outputs produced by these chatbots. Aims: This study evaluates ChatGPT 3.5 and Perplexity AI's cross-sectional performance in responding to questions from the 2023 Italian national residency admission exam (SSM23), comparing results and chatbots' concordance with previous years SSMs. Methods: Gastroenterology-related SSM23 questions were input into ChatGPT 3.5 and Perplexity AI, evaluating their performance in correct responses and total scores. This process was repeated with questions from the three preceding years. Additionally, chatbot concordance was assessed using Cohen's method. Results: In SSM23, ChatGPT 3.5 outperforms Perplexity AI with 94.11% correct responses, demonstrating consistency across years. Concordance weakened in 2023 (κ=0.203, P = 0.148), but ChatGPT consistently maintains a high standard compared to Perplexity AI. Conclusion: ChatGPT 3.5 and Perplexity AI exhibit promise in addressing gastroenterological queries, emphasizing potential educational roles. However, their variable performance mandates cautious use as supplementary tools alongside conventional study methods. Clear guidelines are crucial for educators to balance traditional approaches and innovative systems, enhancing educational standards.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1459373-7
ISSN	1878-3562 ; 1125-8055
ISSN (online)	1878-3562
ISSN	1125-8055
DOI	10.1016/j.dld.2024.02.019
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Article ; Online: Considering a Janus kinase inhibitor in patients with concomitant ulcerative colitis and hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: is it really a gamble? Hints from a case report.

Pellegrino, Raffaele / Palladino, Giovanna / Imperio, Giuseppe / Cipullo, Marina / Federico, Alessandro / Gravina, Antonietta G

Minerva medica

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123586-2
ISSN	1827-1669 ; 0026-4806
ISSN (online)	1827-1669
ISSN	0026-4806
DOI	10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08867-5
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Article ; Online: Management of vascular risk in people with multiple sclerosis at the time of diagnosis in England: A population-based study.

Palladino, Raffaele / Marrie, Ruth Ann / Majeed, Azeem / Chataway, Jeremy

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 671–679

Abstract: Background: Vascular management in People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) is important given the higher vascular burden than the general population, associated with increased disability and mortality.: Objectives: We assessed differences in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vascular management in People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) is important given the higher vascular burden than the general population, associated with increased disability and mortality. Objectives: We assessed differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension; and the use of antidiabetic, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications at the time of the MS diagnosis. Methods: This is a population-based study including PwMS and matched controls between 1987 and 2018 in England. Results: We identified 12,251 PwMS and 72,572 matched controls. PwMS had a 30% increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19, 1.42). Among those with type 2 diabetes, PwMS had a 56% lower prevalence of antidiabetic usage (95% CI = 0.33, 0.58). Prevalence of hypertension was 6% greater in PwMS (95% CI = 1.05, 1.06), but in those with hypertension, usage of antihypertensive was 66% lower in PwMS (95% CI = 0.28, 0.42) than controls. Treatment with lipid-lowering medications was 63% lower in PwMS (95% CI = 0.54, 0.74). PwMS had a 0.4-mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure (95% CI = -0.60, -0.13). 3.8% of PwMS were frail. Conclusion: At the time of diagnosis, PwMS have an increased prevalence of vascular risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes though paradoxically, there is poorer treatment. Clinical guidelines supporting appropriate vascular assessment and management in PwMS should be developed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1290669-4
ISSN	1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
ISSN	1352-4585
DOI	10.1177/13524585231164296
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Article ; Online: Corruption In Health Care Systems: Trends In Informal Payments Across Twenty-Eight EU Countries, 2013-19.

Dallera, Giulia / Palladino, Raffaele / Filippidis, Filippos T

Health affairs (Project Hope)

2022 Volume 41, Issue 9, Page(s) 1342–1352

Abstract: Corruption is a major challenge in health care systems across the European Union (EU), where it manifests most visibly as informal payments from patients to providers. A higher prevalence of informal payments has been associated with lower public health ... ...

Abstract	Corruption is a major challenge in health care systems across the European Union (EU), where it manifests most visibly as informal payments from patients to providers. A higher prevalence of informal payments has been associated with lower public health care expenditure. EU member states have experienced significant changes in public health care expenditure throughout the 2000s. Given the lack of research on the topic, we explored trends in informal payments using representative data from twenty-eight EU member states during the period 2013-19 and in relation to changes in public health care expenditure. Overall, we found that informal payments increased in 2019 compared with 2013, whereas the perception of corruption decreased. Although higher public health care expenditure was associated with less corruption, we found a smaller effect size between informal payments and this expenditure throughout the study period. Our results suggest that informal payments may be driven by other factors, although the directionality of this relationship requires further investigation. Moreover, additional public health care investments may be insufficient to confront corruption unless coupled with measures to limit wasteful spending and increase transparency. Policy makers should understand that factors external to health systems, including media coverage and cultural and political factors, should be explored to explain country-level differences in corruption.
MeSH term(s)	Delivery of Health Care ; European Union ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Medical Assistance
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632712-6
ISSN	1544-5208 ; 0278-2715
ISSN (online)	1544-5208
ISSN	0278-2715
DOI	10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01931
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Article ; Online: May ChatGPT be a tool producing medical information for common inflammatory bowel disease patients' questions? An evidence-controlled analysis.

Gravina, Antonietta Gerarda / Pellegrino, Raffaele / Cipullo, Marina / Palladino, Giovanna / Imperio, Giuseppe / Ventura, Andrea / Auletta, Salvatore / Ciamarra, Paola / Federico, Alessandro

World journal of gastroenterology

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–33

Abstract: Artificial intelligence is increasingly entering everyday healthcare. Large language model (LLM) systems such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have become potentially accessible to everyone, including patients with inflammatory bowel ... ...

Abstract	Artificial intelligence is increasingly entering everyday healthcare. Large language model (LLM) systems such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have become potentially accessible to everyone, including patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, significant ethical issues and pitfalls exist in innovative LLM tools. The hype generated by such systems may lead to unweighted patient trust in these systems. Therefore, it is necessary to understand whether LLMs (trendy ones, such as ChatGPT) can produce plausible medical information (MI) for patients. This review examined ChatGPT's potential to provide MI regarding questions commonly addressed by patients with IBD to their gastroenterologists. From the review of the outputs provided by ChatGPT, this tool showed some attractive potential while having significant limitations in updating and detailing information and providing inaccurate information in some cases. Further studies and refinement of the ChatGPT, possibly aligning the outputs with the leading medical evidence provided by reliable databases, are needed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Databases, Factual ; Gastroenterologists ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Language
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185929-2
ISSN	2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
ISSN	1007-9327
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v30.i1.17
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Article: The JAK-STAT Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer Patients with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: A Narrative Review.

Gravina, Antonietta Gerarda / Pellegrino, Raffaele / Esposito, Alfonso / Cipullo, Marina / Romeo, Mario / Palladino, Giovanna / Iodice, Patrizia / Federico, Alessandro / Troiani, Teresa

Cancers

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3

Abstract: Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal component in the treatment of various malignancies, encompassing lung, skin, gastrointestinal, and head and neck cancers. The foundation of this therapeutic approach lies in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). While ...

Abstract	Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal component in the treatment of various malignancies, encompassing lung, skin, gastrointestinal, and head and neck cancers. The foundation of this therapeutic approach lies in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in impeding the neoplastic progression of these tumours, their use may give rise to substantial toxicity, notably in the gastrointestinal domain, where ICI colitis constitutes a significant aspect. The optimal positioning of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway inhibitors in the therapeutic management of ICI colitis remains unclear. Numerous reports have highlighted notable improvements in ICI colitis through the application of pan-JAK-STAT inhibitors, with tofacitinib, in particular, reporting evident clinical remission of colitis. The precise mechanism by which JAK-STAT inhibitors may impact the pathogenetic process of ICI colitis remains inadequately understood. However, there is speculation regarding their potential role in modulating memory resident CD8
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers16030611
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Article ; Online: Cardiac rehabilitation and acute aortic dissection: understanding and addressing the evidence GAP a systematic review.

Carbone, Andreina / Lamberti, Nicola / Manfredini, Roberto / Trimarchi, Santi / Palladino, Raffaele / Savriè, Caterina / Marra, Alberto M / Ranieri, Brigida / Crisci, Giulia / Izzo, Raffaele / Esposito, Giovanni / Cittadini, Antonio / Manfredini, Fabio / Rubenfire, Melvyn / Bossone, Eduardo

Current problems in cardiology

2024 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 102348

Abstract: Despite guideline recommendations, strategies for implementing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) are not well established with little evidence to risk stratify prudent and effective guidelines for the many ... ...

Abstract	Despite guideline recommendations, strategies for implementing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) are not well established with little evidence to risk stratify prudent and effective guidelines for the many required variables. We conducted a systematic review of studies (2004-2023) reporting CR following type A (TA) and type B (TB) AAD. Our review is limited to open surgical repair for TA and medical treatment for TB. A total of 5 studies were included (4 TA-AAD and 1 TB-AAD) in the qualitative analysis. In general, observational data included 311 patients who had an overall favorable effect of CR in AAD consisting of a modestly improved exercise capacity and work load during cycle cardiopulmonary exercise test (TB-AAD), and improved quality of life (QoL). No adverse events were reported during symptom limited pre-CR treadmill or cycle exercise VO
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiac Rehabilitation ; Quality of Life ; Evidence Gaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Aortic Dissection/surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	441230-8
ISSN	1535-6280 ; 0146-2806
ISSN (online)	1535-6280
ISSN	0146-2806
DOI	10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102348
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