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Article ; Online: Maintaining contact with clinical colleagues in Myanmar.

Speth, Marlene M / Biesinger, Eberhard

2022 Volume 400, Issue 10361, Page(s) 1401

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Myanmar ; Physician's Role
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01897-9
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Article ; Online: Riech- und Schmeckstörungen.

Speth, M M / Speth, U S / Sedaghat, A R / Hummel, T

HNO

2022 Volume 70, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–166

Abstract: This manuscript aims to provide an overview of the etiology and diagnosis of olfactory and gustatory disorders. Not only are they common with about 5% of the population affected, but olfactory and gustatory disorders have recently gained attention in ... ...

Title translation	Olfactory and gustatory disorders.
Abstract	This manuscript aims to provide an overview of the etiology and diagnosis of olfactory and gustatory disorders. Not only are they common with about 5% of the population affected, but olfactory and gustatory disorders have recently gained attention in light of the rising SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic: sudden loss of smell and/or taste is regarded as one of the cardinal symptoms. Furthermore, in the early diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases, olfactory disorders are of great importance. Patients with olfactory dysfunction often show signs of depression. The impact of olfactory/gustatory disorders is thus considerable, but therapeutic options are unfortunately still limited. Following a description of the etiology, the diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed on the basis of current literature. Potential future treatments are also addressed, e.g. autologous mucosal grafts or olfactory implants.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Olfaction Disorders/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; Taste Disorders/diagnosis ; Taste Disorders/etiology ; Taste Disorders/therapy
Language	German
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200040-4
ISSN	1433-0458 ; 0017-6192
ISSN (online)	1433-0458
ISSN	0017-6192
DOI	10.1007/s00106-021-01132-y
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Article: Clinical Insights into the Treatment of Patellofemoral Instability with Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: Pearls and Pitfalls-Lessons Learned from 20 Years.

Papp, Kata / Speth, Bernhard M / Camathias, Carlo

Journal of personalized medicine

2023 Volume 13, Issue 8

Abstract: Patellofemoral instability is a prevalent cause of pain and disability in young individuals engaged in athletic activities. Adolescents face a particularly notable risk of patellar dislocation, which can be attributed to rapid skeletal growth, changes in ...

Abstract	Patellofemoral instability is a prevalent cause of pain and disability in young individuals engaged in athletic activities. Adolescents face a particularly notable risk of patellar dislocation, which can be attributed to rapid skeletal growth, changes in q-angle, ligamentous laxity, higher activity levels, and increased exposure to risk. Specific sports activities carry an elevated risk of patellar dislocation. Younger age and trochlear dysplasia present the highest risk factors for recurrent patellar dislocations. International guidelines recommend conservative therapy following a single patellar dislocation without osteochondral lesions but suggest surgical intervention in recurrent cases. In this study, we have compiled current scientific data on therapy recommendations, focusing on MPFL (medial patellofemoral ligament) reconstruction. We discuss patient selection, surgical indications, graft selection, location and choice of fixation, graft tensioning, and postoperative care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662248-8
ISSN	2075-4426
ISSN	2075-4426
DOI	10.3390/jpm13081240
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Article: Why Angiotensin II is a Poor Choice for Circulatory Support of Ventilated COVID-19 Patients Compared to Vasopressin.

Speth, Robert C / Bader, Michael

Medical research archives

2022 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic when it was first reported that SARS-CoV-2 used membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as its receptor for entry into cells, warnings were raised against the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ... ...

Abstract	Early in the COVID-19 pandemic when it was first reported that SARS-CoV-2 used membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as its receptor for entry into cells, warnings were raised against the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) because of their potential to increase ACE2 expression. These reports ignored the adverse effects that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exerts on the cardiovascular system and kidneys via its primary hormone angiotensin (Ang) II acting upon AT
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2375-1916
ISSN	2375-1916
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Article ; Online: Radiation-associated changes in saliva composition of head and neck cancer patients: A systematic review.

Staruch, Michal / Speth, Marlene M / Neyer, Peter / Riesterer, Oliver / Aebersold, Daniel M / Stieb, Sonja

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

2024 , Page(s) 110279

Abstract: Xerostomia is a common radiation-associated toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer. Although several studies examined the decrease in saliva production due to radiotherapy (RT) and investigated the factors associated with this side effect, little ...

Abstract	Xerostomia is a common radiation-associated toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer. Although several studies examined the decrease in saliva production due to radiotherapy (RT) and investigated the factors associated with this side effect, little is known about the change in radiation-associated saliva composition. This systematic review is the first to summarize existing data and give an overview of the change in pH/buffer capacity, electrolytes, proteins, enzymes, and mucins due to radiation to the salivary glands. Literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase with 47 articles finally eligible for the review, analyzing the saliva composition at several time points before, during and/or after RT, or comparing findings in irradiated patients to a healthy control group. Overall, RT leads to a substantial decrease in salivary pH and buffer capacity. For sodium, chloride and calcium ion, and amylase, an increased concentration or activity during RT was reported in most of the studies, followed by a subsequent decrease either already during RT or after the end of treatment. Different trends have been described for the total protein concentration during and after RT. Lactoferrin, however, increased considerably, especially in the first phase of RT. Mucin 5B (MUC5B) concentrations showed a slight increase during RT and concentrations around baseline values again six months post-radiotherapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-20
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605646-5
ISSN	1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
ISSN (online)	1879-0887
ISSN	0167-8140
DOI	10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110279
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Article ; Online: Size, shape, and stability of organic particles formed during freeze-thaw cycles: Model experiments with tannic acid.

Dultz, Stefan / Speth, Myriam / Kaiser, Klaus / Mikutta, Robert / Guggenberger, Georg

Journal of colloid and interface science

2024 Volume 667, Page(s) 563–574

Abstract: Hypothesis: Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) in soils can cause the aggregation of dissolved organic matter but controlling factors are little understood.: Experiments: In freeze-thaw experiments with tannic acid (TA) as model substance, we studied the ... ...

Abstract	Hypothesis: Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) in soils can cause the aggregation of dissolved organic matter but controlling factors are little understood. Experiments: In freeze-thaw experiments with tannic acid (TA) as model substance, we studied the effect of TA concentration, pH, electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl Findings: Tannic acid particles occurred as plates and veins, resembling the morphology of ice grain boundaries. Low pH and presence of electrolytes favored the formation of large particles. The freeze-concentration effect was most intense at low TA concentrations and increased with the number of FTC. While ECD of particles formed at low TA concentrations were smaller than at high concentrations, it was vice versa in the thawed state. At low TA concentrations, higher crystallization pressure of ice caused enhanced stability of large particles. We conclude that FTC can strongly alter the physical state of dissolved organic matter, with likely consequences for its bioavailability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241597-5
ISSN	1095-7103 ; 0021-9797
ISSN (online)	1095-7103
ISSN	0021-9797
DOI	10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.080
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Article ; Online: Relative size of fungiform papillae in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Speth, U S / Kluwe, L / Gosau, M / Friedrich, R E

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery

2023 Volume 124, Issue 3, Page(s) 101394

Abstract: Objective: To explore possible manifestations of neurofibromatosis on the tongue, especially, enlarged papillae fungiformes. According to the literature, enlarged fungiform papillae of the tongue are a very common oral finding in patients with ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore possible manifestations of neurofibromatosis on the tongue, especially, enlarged papillae fungiformes. According to the literature, enlarged fungiform papillae of the tongue are a very common oral finding in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Materials and methods: Firstly, photos of 18 NF1 patients' tongues, taken at different times were compared to rule of possible fluctuating papillae size. Secondly, 60 photos of 60 patients with NF1 were age/sex matched, blinded and compared to 60 photos of 60 healthy patients. Three independent medical doctors rated the photos in regard of the fungiform papillae as smaller/same/larger at two different times. The inter- and intraindividual results were compared. Thirdly, fungiform papillae of 11 NF1 patients were quantitatively measured using the Denver protocol. Results: The fungiform papillae showed a stable size. The comparison of the healthy individuals to the NF1 patients suggests that the larger papillae are significantly more frequent in NF1 patients than in age- and gender-matched non-NF1 individuals. The agreement between two ratings of each of the 3 raters at different time points was two moderate and one substantial, the agreement among raters was only fair, since the Fleiss' Kappa value of all 6 ratings was 0.38. Conclusion: Although this study confirms that the evaluation of the size of the fungiform papillae by visual inspection only is very subjective, the fungiform papillae in NF1 patients do seem to be enlarged at a statistically significant level. Nonetheless the statistical difference is not distinctive enough to establish this as a diagnostic tool in diagnosing NF1. Clinical relevance: Facilitating the diagnosis of NF1 is an important factor in finding the correct treatment for these patients. A clinical inspection of the tongue is a simple and non-invasive procedure. This paper addresses the question if an inspection of the tongue, especially the fungiform papillae is a reliable indicator for the diagnosis of NF1.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis ; Neurofibromatosis 1/epidemiology ; Taste Buds ; Tongue
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2916276-2
ISSN	2468-7855 ; 2468-8509
ISSN (online)	2468-7855
ISSN	2468-8509
DOI	10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101394
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Article ; Online: CGP42112: the full AT2 receptor agonist and its role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: no longer misunderstood.

Restrepo, Yazmin M / Noto, Natalia M / Speth, Robert C

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

2022 Volume 136, Issue 21, Page(s) 1513–1533

Abstract: For years, the AT2R-selective ligand CGP42112 has been erroneously characterized as a partial agonist, partly due to its ability to also interact with the AT1R at high concentrations. As late as 2009, it was still being characterized as an antagonist as ... ...

Abstract	For years, the AT2R-selective ligand CGP42112 has been erroneously characterized as a partial agonist, partly due to its ability to also interact with the AT1R at high concentrations. As late as 2009, it was still being characterized as an antagonist as well. In this perspective/opinion piece, we try to resolve the ambiguity that surrounds the efficacy of this compound by extensively reviewing the literature, tracing its beginnings to 1989, showing that CGP42112 has never been convincingly shown to be a partial agonist or an antagonist at the AT2R. While CGP42112 is now routinely characterized as an AT2R agonist, regrettably, there is a paucity of studies that can validate its efficacy as a full agonist at the AT2R, leaving the door open for continuing speculation regarding the extent of its efficacy. Hopefully, the information presented in this perspective/opinion piece will firmly establish CGP42112 as a full agonist at the AT2R such that it can once again be used as a tool to study the AT2R.
MeSH term(s)	Renin-Angiotensin System ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists ; Oligopeptides ; Ligands
Chemical Substances	CGP 42112A (127060-75-7) ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 ; Oligopeptides ; Ligands
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	206835-7
ISSN	1470-8736 ; 0301-0538 ; 0009-0360 ; 0143-5221
ISSN (online)	1470-8736
ISSN	0301-0538 ; 0009-0360 ; 0143-5221
DOI	10.1042/CS20220261
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Negative Auswirkungen von Krankheitsbelastung bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis auf Asthmaerkrankungen

Speth, M. Marlene / Phillips, M. Katie / Sedaghat, R. Ahmad

Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie

2023 Volume 102, Issue S 02

Event/congress	94. Jahresversammlung Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn, Congress Center Leipzig, 2023-05-17
Language	German
Publishing date	2023-05-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	96005-6
ISSN	1438-8685 ; 0935-8943 ; 0340-1588
ISSN (online)	1438-8685
ISSN	0935-8943 ; 0340-1588
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1766922
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Is chymase 1 a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?

Ferrario, Carlos M / Ahmad, Sarfaraz / Speth, Robert / Dell'Italia, Louis J

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

2023 Volume 27, Issue 8, Page(s) 645–656

Abstract: Introduction: Non-angiotensin converting enzyme mechanisms of angiotensin II production remain underappreciated in part due to the success of current therapies to ameliorate the impact of primary hypertension and atherosclerotic diseases of the heart ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Non-angiotensin converting enzyme mechanisms of angiotensin II production remain underappreciated in part due to the success of current therapies to ameliorate the impact of primary hypertension and atherosclerotic diseases of the heart and the blood vessels. This review scrutinize the current literature to highlight chymase role as a critical participant in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Areas covered: We review the contemporaneous understanding of circulating and tissue biotransformation mechanisms of the angiotensins focusing on the role of chymase as an alternate tissue generating pathway for angiotensin II pathological mechanisms of action. Expert opinion: While robust literature documents the singularity of chymase as an angiotensin II-forming enzyme, particularly when angiotensin converting enzyme is inhibited, this knowledge has not been fully recognized to clinical medicine. This review discusses the limitations of clinical trials' that explored the benefits of chymase inhibition in accounting for the failure to duplicate in humans what has been demonstrated in experimental animals.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Chymases/metabolism ; Chymases/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Angiotensin II/therapeutic use ; Heart Failure
Chemical Substances	Chymases (EC 3.4.21.39) ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2055208-7
ISSN	1744-7631 ; 1472-8222
ISSN (online)	1744-7631
ISSN	1472-8222
DOI	10.1080/14728222.2023.2247561
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