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Article: Potential Therapeutic Use of the Rosemary Diterpene Carnosic Acid for Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Long-COVID through NRF2 Activation to Counteract the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Satoh, Takumi / Trudler, Dorit / Oh, Chang-Ki / Lipton, Stuart A

2022 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Rosemary ( ...

Abstract	Rosemary (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox11010124
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Article ; Online: Novel Direct Conversion of Microglia to Neurons.

Trudler, Dorit / Lipton, Stuart A

Trends in molecular medicine

2019 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 72–74

Abstract: Direct cell reprogramming, the process by which a somatic cell is converted to another cell type, can potentially circumvent epigenetic changes and proliferative stages resulting from de-differentiation. Recently, Matsuda et al. (Pioneer factor NeuroD1 ... ...

Abstract	Direct cell reprogramming, the process by which a somatic cell is converted to another cell type, can potentially circumvent epigenetic changes and proliferative stages resulting from de-differentiation. Recently, Matsuda et al. (Pioneer factor NeuroD1 rearranges transcriptional and epigenetic profiles to execute microglia-neuron conversion; Neuronin in press) demonstrated that expression of transcription factor NeuroD1 can convert mouse microglia to neurons, both in vitro and in vivo.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Microglia ; Neurons
Chemical Substances	Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Neurod1 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2036490-8
ISSN	1471-499X ; 1471-4914
ISSN (online)	1471-499X
ISSN	1471-4914
DOI	10.1016/j.molmed.2018.12.005
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Article ; Online: Emerging hiPSC Models for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Trudler, Dorit / Ghatak, Swagata / Lipton, Stuart A

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 15

Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of neural function. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic ... ...

Abstract	Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of neural function. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), represent a huge social and economic burden due to increasing prevalence in our aging society, severity of symptoms, and lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. This lack of effective treatments is partly due to a lack of reliable models. Modeling neurodegenerative diseases is difficult because of poor access to human samples (restricted in general to postmortem tissue) and limited knowledge of disease mechanisms in a human context. Animal models play an instrumental role in understanding these diseases but fail to comprehensively represent the full extent of disease due to critical differences between humans and other mammals. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology presents an advantageous system that complements animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Coupled with advances in gene-editing technologies, hiPSC-derived neural cells from patients and healthy donors now allow disease modeling using human samples that can be used for drug discovery.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Drug Discovery/methods ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Precision Medicine/methods
Chemical Substances	Neuroprotective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22158196
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Article ; Online: Emerging hiPSC Models for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Dorit Trudler / Swagata Ghatak / Stuart A. Lipton

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8196, p

2021 Volume 8196

Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of neural function. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic ... ...

Abstract	Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of neural function. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD), represent a huge social and economic burden due to increasing prevalence in our aging society, severity of symptoms, and lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. This lack of effective treatments is partly due to a lack of reliable models. Modeling neurodegenerative diseases is difficult because of poor access to human samples (restricted in general to postmortem tissue) and limited knowledge of disease mechanisms in a human context. Animal models play an instrumental role in understanding these diseases but fail to comprehensively represent the full extent of disease due to critical differences between humans and other mammals. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology presents an advantageous system that complements animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Coupled with advances in gene-editing technologies, hiPSC-derived neural cells from patients and healthy donors now allow disease modeling using human samples that can be used for drug discovery.
Keywords	neurodegeneration ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Physiological expression of mutated TAU impaired astrocyte activity and exacerbates β-amyloid pathology in 5xFAD mice.

Farfara, Dorit / Sooliman, Meital / Avrahami, Limor / Royal, Tabitha Grace / Amram, Shoshik / Rozenstein-Tsalkovich, Lea / Trudler, Dorit / Blanga-Kanfi, Shani / Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit / Pahnke, Jens / Rosenmann, Hanna / Frenkel, Dan

Journal of neuroinflammation

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 174

Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The pathology of AD is affiliated with the elevation of both tau (τ) and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathologies. Yet, the direct link between natural τ expression on glia cell ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The pathology of AD is affiliated with the elevation of both tau (τ) and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathologies. Yet, the direct link between natural τ expression on glia cell activity and Aβ remains unclear. While experiments in mouse models suggest that an increase in Aβ exacerbates τ pathology when expressed under a neuronal promoter, brain pathology from AD patients suggests an appearance of τ pathology in regions without Aβ. Methods: Here, we aimed to assess the link between τ and Aβ using a new mouse model that was generated by crossing a mouse model that expresses two human mutations of the human MAPT under a mouse Tau natural promoter with 5xFAD mice that express human mutated APP and PS1 in neurons. Results: The new mouse model, called 5xFAD TAU, shows accelerated cognitive impairment at 2 months of age, increased number of Aβ depositions at 4 months and neuritic plaques at 6 months of age. An expression of human mutated TAU in astrocytes leads to a dystrophic appearance and reduces their ability to engulf Aβ, which leads to an increased brain Aβ load. Astrocytes expressing mutated human TAU showed an impairment in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that has previously been suggested to play an important role in supporting neurons. Conclusions: Our results suggest the role of τ in exacerbating Aβ pathology in addition to pointing out the potential role of astrocytes in disease progression. Further research of the crosstalk between τ and Aβ in astrocytes may increase our understanding of the role glia cells have in the pathology of AD with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic interventions to an otherwise currently incurable disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Infant ; Mice ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Transgenic ; tau Proteins/genetics ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; tau Proteins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; MAPT protein, human ; APP protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2156455-3
ISSN	1742-2094 ; 1742-2094
ISSN (online)	1742-2094
ISSN	1742-2094
DOI	10.1186/s12974-023-02823-9
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Article: Potential Therapeutic Use of the Rosemary Diterpene Carnosic Acid for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Long-COVID through NRF2 Activation to Counteract the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Satoh, Takumi / Trudler, Dorit / Oh, Chang-Ki / Lipton, Stuart A.

Antioxidants. 2022 Jan. 06, v. 11, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis [family Lamiaceae]), an herb of economic and gustatory repute, is employed in traditional medicines in many countries. Rosemary contains carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), abietane-type phenolic diterpenes, which ... ...

Abstract	Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis [family Lamiaceae]), an herb of economic and gustatory repute, is employed in traditional medicines in many countries. Rosemary contains carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), abietane-type phenolic diterpenes, which account for most of its biological and pharmacological actions, although claims have also been made for contributions of another constituent, rosmarinic acid. This review focuses on the potential applications of CA and CS for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in part via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CA exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects via phase 2 enzyme induction initiated by activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 transcriptional pathway, which in turn attenuates NLRP3 activation. In addition, we propose that CA-related compounds may serve as therapeutics against the brain-related after-effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed “long-COVID.” One factor that contributes to COVID-19 is cytokine storm emanating from macrophages as a result of unregulated inflammation in and around lung epithelial and endovascular cells. Additionally, neurological aftereffects such as anxiety and “brain fog” are becoming a major issue for both the pandemic and post-pandemic period. Many reports hold that unregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation may potentially contribute to the severity of COVID-19 and its aftermath. It is therefore possible that suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activity may prove efficacious against both acute lung disease and chronic neurological after-effects. Because CA has been shown to not only act systemically but also to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma to exert neuroprotective effects, we discuss the evidence that CA or rosemary extracts containing CA may represent an effective countermeasure against both acute and chronic pathological events initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as other chronic neurodegenerative diseases including AD and PD.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Rosmarinus officinalis ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antioxidants ; anxiety ; blood-brain barrier ; cytokines ; diterpenoids ; epithelium ; gene induction ; inflammasomes ; inflammation ; lungs ; macrophages ; pandemic ; parenchyma (animal tissue) ; respiratory tract diseases ; rosemary ; rosmarinic acid ; taste ; therapeutics ; transcription (genetics)
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0106
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox11010124
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Parkinson's disease: what the model systems have taught us so far.

Ghatak, Swagata / Trudler, Dorit / Dolatabadi, Nima / Ambasudhan, Rajesh

Journal of genetics

2018 Volume 97, Issue 3, Page(s) 729–751

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, for which people above the age of 60 show an increased risk. Although there has been great advancement in understanding the disease-related abnormalities in brain circuitry and ... ...

Abstract	Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, for which people above the age of 60 show an increased risk. Although there has been great advancement in understanding the disease-related abnormalities in brain circuitry and development of symptomatic treatments, a cure for PD remains elusive. The discovery of PD associated gene mutations and environmental toxins have yielded animal models of the disease. These models could recapitulate several key aspects of PD, and provide more insights into the disease pathogenesis. They have also revealed novel aspects of the disease mechanism including noncell autonomous events and spreading of pathogenic protein species across the brain. Nevertheless, none of these models so far can comprehensively represent all aspects of the human disease. While the field is still searching for the perfect model system, recent developments in stem cell biology have provided a new dimension to modelling PD, especially doing it in a patient-specific manner. In the current review, we attempt to summarize the key findings in the areas discussed above, and highlight how the core PD pathology distinguishes itself from other neurodegenerative disorders while also resembling them in many aspects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-12
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3039-9
ISSN	0973-7731 ; 0958-8361 ; 0022-1333
ISSN (online)	0973-7731
ISSN	0958-8361 ; 0022-1333
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Article ; Online: Mechanistic insight into female predominance in Alzheimer's disease based on aberrant protein S-nitrosylation of C3.

Yang, Hongmei / Oh, Chang-Ki / Amal, Haitham / Wishnok, John S / Lewis, Sarah / Schahrer, Emily / Trudler, Dorit / Nakamura, Tomohiro / Tannenbaum, Steven R / Lipton, Stuart A

Science advances

2022 Volume 8, Issue 50, Page(s) eade0764

Abstract: Protein S-nitros(yl)ation (SNO) is a posttranslational modification involved in diverse processes in health and disease and can contribute to synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify SNO proteins in AD brains, we used triaryl phosphine ( ...

Abstract	Protein S-nitros(yl)ation (SNO) is a posttranslational modification involved in diverse processes in health and disease and can contribute to synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify SNO proteins in AD brains, we used triaryl phosphine (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry ; Brain/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Synapses/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.ade0764
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Article ; Online: Alpha synuclein deficiency increases CD4

Trudler, Dorit / Levy-Barazany, Hilit / Nash, Yuval / Samuel, Liron / Sharon, Ronit / Frenkel, Dan

Journal of neurochemistry

2019 Volume 152, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–71

Abstract: It has been suggested that extracellular alpha synuclein (αSyn) can mediate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease, and that αSyn affects B-cell maturation. However, the function of αSyn in T cells is poorly understood. We hypothesized that αSyn can ... ...

Abstract	It has been suggested that extracellular alpha synuclein (αSyn) can mediate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease, and that αSyn affects B-cell maturation. However, the function of αSyn in T cells is poorly understood. We hypothesized that αSyn can affect CD4
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Activation/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/physiology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; alpha-Synuclein/deficiency ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics ; alpha-Synuclein/physiology
Chemical Substances	Nr4a2 protein, mouse ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 ; alpha-Synuclein
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80158-6
ISSN	1471-4159 ; 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
ISSN (online)	1471-4159
ISSN	0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
DOI	10.1111/jnc.14871
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Article: Parkinson’s disease: what the model systems have taught us so far

Ghatak, Swagata / Dorit Trudler / Nima Dolatabadi / Rajesh Ambasudhan

Journal of genetics. 2018 July, v. 97, no. 3

2018

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, for which people above the age of 60 show an increased risk. Although there has been great advancement in understanding the disease-related abnormalities in brain circuitry and ... ...

Abstract	Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, for which people above the age of 60 show an increased risk. Although there has been great advancement in understanding the disease-related abnormalities in brain circuitry and development of symptomatic treatments, a cure for PD remains elusive. The discovery of PD associated gene mutations and environmental toxins have yielded animal models of the disease. These models could recapitulate several key aspects of PD, and provide more insights into the disease pathogenesis. They have also revealed novel aspects of the disease mechanism including noncell autonomous events and spreading of pathogenic protein species across the brain. Nevertheless, none of these models so far can comprehensively represent all aspects of the human disease. While the field is still searching for the perfect model system, recent developments in stem cell biology have provided a new dimension to modelling PD, especially doing it in a patient-specific manner. In the current review, we attempt to summarize the key findings in the areas discussed above, and highlight how the core PD pathology distinguishes itself from other neurodegenerative disorders while also resembling them in many aspects.
Keywords	animal models ; brain ; genes ; human diseases ; mutation ; Parkinson disease ; pathogenesis ; risk ; stem cells ; toxins
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-07
Size	p. 729-751.
Publishing place	Springer India
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3039-9
ISSN	0973-7731 ; 0958-8361 ; 0022-1333
ISSN (online)	0973-7731
ISSN	0958-8361 ; 0022-1333
DOI	10.1007/s12041-018-0960-6
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