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Article ; Online: Understanding the principles of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.

Roberts, Alexandra

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)

2021 Volume 36, Issue 8, Page(s) 61–66

Abstract: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) provides respiratory support to patients without the need for invasive intubation. Although it has been used for several years in critical care, NPPV has come to prominence as a management option for ... ...

Abstract	Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) provides respiratory support to patients without the need for invasive intubation. Although it has been used for several years in critical care, NPPV has come to prominence as a management option for certain patients with respiratory complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This has led to increased care provision by nurses with little or no experience and expertise in critical care and NPPV. This article provides an overview of the principles of NPPV and its use in type 1 and type 2 respiratory failure. It explains the pathophysiology of several conditions that often lead to respiratory failure and how NPPV can mitigate respiratory failure and improve gas exchange. An individualised assessment of the patient's suitability for NPPV and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy are crucial to ensure its safe and effective use. Nurses also have an important role in providing explanations and support to patients.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/therapy ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645016-7
ISSN	2047-9018 ; 0029-6570
ISSN (online)	2047-9018
ISSN	0029-6570
DOI	10.7748/ns.2021.e11750
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Article ; Online: Science and/as work: An introduction to this special issue.

Roberts, Lissa / Rockman, Seth / Hui, Alexandra

History of science

2023 Volume 61, Issue 4, Page(s) 439–447

Abstract: This brief essay introduces a special issue dedicated to exploring two themes: "science and work" and "science as work." Following a brief overview of these two themes, it briefly describes the other contributions to the special issue. ...

Abstract	This brief essay introduces a special issue dedicated to exploring two themes: "science and work" and "science as work." Following a brief overview of these two themes, it briefly describes the other contributions to the special issue.
MeSH term(s)	Historiography ; Science
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2067298-6
ISSN	1753-8564 ; 0073-2753
ISSN (online)	1753-8564
ISSN	0073-2753
DOI	10.1177/00732753231206580
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Article ; Online: Historiographies of science and labor: From past perspectives to future possibilities.

Roberts, Lissa / Rockman, Seth / Hui, Alexandra

History of science

2023 Volume 61, Issue 4, Page(s) 448–474

Abstract: This article offers suggestions for what a labor history of science might look like and what it might accomplish. It does so by first reviewing how historians of science have analyzed the history of both "science as labor" and "science and labor" since ... ...

Abstract	This article offers suggestions for what a labor history of science might look like and what it might accomplish. It does so by first reviewing how historians of science have analyzed the history of both "science as labor" and "science and labor" since the 1930s. It then moves on to discuss recent historiographical developments in both the history of science and labor history that together provide an analytical frame for further research. The article ends by projecting into the future, considering how a labor history of science might help us grapple with connecting our understanding of the past with the challenges of today and tomorrow.
MeSH term(s)	Historiography ; Science ; Forecasting
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2067298-6
ISSN	1753-8564 ; 0073-2753
ISSN (online)	1753-8564
ISSN	0073-2753
DOI	10.1177/00732753231209023
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Article ; Online: The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review.

Jager, Alexandra / Wong, Geoff / Papoutsi, Chrysanthi / Roberts, Nia

BMC medicine

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 236

Abstract: Background: Primary care has been described as the 'bedrock' of the National Health Service (NHS) accounting for approximately 90% of patient contacts but is facing significant challenges. Against a backdrop of a rapidly ageing population with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary care has been described as the 'bedrock' of the National Health Service (NHS) accounting for approximately 90% of patient contacts but is facing significant challenges. Against a backdrop of a rapidly ageing population with increasingly complex health challenges, policy-makers have encouraged primary care commissioners to increase the usage of data when making commissioning decisions. Purported benefits include cost savings and improved population health. However, research on evidence-based commissioning has concluded that commissioners work in complex environments and that closer attention should be paid to the interplay of contextual factors and evidence use. The aim of this review was to understand how and why primary care commissioners use data to inform their decision making, what outcomes this leads to, and understand what factors or contexts promote and inhibit their usage of data. Methods: We developed initial programme theory by identifying barriers and facilitators to using data to inform primary care commissioning based on the findings of an exploratory literature search and discussions with programme implementers. We then located a range of diverse studies by searching seven databases as well as grey literature. Using a realist approach, which has an explanatory rather than a judgemental focus, we identified recurrent patterns of outcomes and their associated contexts and mechanisms related to data usage in primary care commissioning to form context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. We then developed a revised and refined programme theory. Results: Ninety-two studies met the inclusion criteria, informing the development of 30 CMOs. Primary care commissioners work in complex and demanding environments, and the usage of data are promoted and inhibited by a wide range of contexts including specific commissioning activities, commissioners' perceptions and skillsets, their relationships with external providers of data (analysis), and the characteristics of data themselves. Data are used by commissioners not only as a source of evidence but also as a tool for stimulating commissioning improvements and as a warrant for convincing others about decisions commissioners wish to make. Despite being well-intentioned users of data, commissioners face considerable challenges when trying to use them, and have developed a range of strategies to deal with 'imperfect' data. Conclusions: There are still considerable barriers to using data in certain contexts. Understanding and addressing these will be key in light of the government's ongoing commitments to using data to inform policy-making, as well as increasing integrated commissioning.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; State Medicine ; Qualitative Research ; Policy Making ; Primary Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2131669-7
ISSN	1741-7015 ; 1741-7015
ISSN (online)	1741-7015
ISSN	1741-7015
DOI	10.1186/s12916-023-02949-w
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Article: COVID-19 and the quality use of medicines: evidence, risks and fads.

Roberts, Darren M / Bennett, Alexandra

Australian prescriber

2020 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 78–80

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-08
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1075442-8
ISSN	0312-8008
ISSN	0312-8008
DOI	10.18773/austprescr.2020.031
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Article ; Online: Giant Meckel's Diverticulum in a 9-Year-Old Boy: An Unusual Presentation With Isolated Faltering Growth.

Rout, Alexandra / Morreau, Phil / Bird, Helen / Roberts, Amin

JPGN reports

2022 Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) e208

Abstract: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal abnormality. Clinical presentation is normally in childhood with either hemorrhage or an acute surgical abdomen. The much rarer giant Meckel's diverticulum is associated with a more ... ...

Abstract	Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal abnormality. Clinical presentation is normally in childhood with either hemorrhage or an acute surgical abdomen. The much rarer giant Meckel's diverticulum is associated with a more varied clinical presentation. In this case report, we provide a unique example of presentation with isolated faltering growth related to a giant Meckel's diverticulum in a young boy. We discuss the diagnostic process, imaging modalities, and subsequent surgical procedure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2691-171X
ISSN (online)	2691-171X
DOI	10.1097/PG9.0000000000000208
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Article ; Online: The burden of disease in metachromatic leukodystrophy: results of a caregiver survey in the UK and Republic of Ireland.

Thomas, Sophie / Morrison, Alexandra / Morton, Georgina / Roberts, Pat / Clark, Vivienne / Imrie, Jackie

Orphanet journal of rare diseases

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 87

Abstract: Background: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease characterised by the progressive loss of motor function and severe decline in cognitive function. Limited information is available on the burden MLD ... ...

Abstract	Background: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease characterised by the progressive loss of motor function and severe decline in cognitive function. Limited information is available on the burden MLD places on patients and their families and the medical and social support these patients need. Three UK-based MLD patient organisations commissioned an online survey, and follow-up semi-structured interviews to describe and quantify these burdens across MLD subtypes, stage of disease (including end of life) and treatment status (untreated, gene therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant [HSCT]). Results: A total of 24 patients were included in the study: thirteen late infantile (LI), six early juvenile (EJ), two late juvenile (LJ) and three adult onset (AO). Six patients had received gene therapy and one had received an HSCT. MLD patients receiving no disease modifying treatment bore a high symptom burden: 94% were wheelchair dependent, 88% required tube feeding, 88% were incontinent, 82% had lost their speech and all the children were either unable to attend education or needed specialist provision. Patients were reliant on numerous medical interventions and assistive equipment. All early-onset patients (LI and EJ) were wheelchair dependent, and tube fed, with all EJ patients having lost all speech. The caregiving responsibilities of parents impacted their employment, finances, relationships and health. Patients treated with gene therapy or HSCT were more mobile and were able to eat normally and two thirds of the children were able to attend mainstream school. Conclusions: The impact of illness that patients and their caregivers faced was extensive, and the level of care, amount of medication, number of hospital visits and educational support required were substantial. Financial constraints often brought about by inability to work also placed considerable strain on families. The study increases understanding of the burden of MLD on patients and their families, and the level of unmet need in the treatment of the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adult ; Humans ; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/genetics ; Caregivers ; Ireland ; Cost of Illness ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2225857-7
ISSN	1750-1172 ; 1750-1172
ISSN (online)	1750-1172
ISSN	1750-1172
DOI	10.1186/s13023-023-03001-z
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Article ; Online: The Addition of Sprint Interval Training to Field Lacrosse Training Increases Rate of Torque Development and Contractile Impulse in Female High School Field Lacrosse Players.

Symons, T Brock / Roberts, Alexandra H / Carter, Kathleen A / Caruso, John F

Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology

2023 Volume 8, Issue 3

Abstract: Field lacrosse requires sudden directional changes and rapid acceleration/deceleration. The capacity to perform these skills is dependent on explosive muscle force production. Limited research exists on the potential of sprint interval training (SIT) to ... ...

Abstract	Field lacrosse requires sudden directional changes and rapid acceleration/deceleration. The capacity to perform these skills is dependent on explosive muscle force production. Limited research exists on the potential of sprint interval training (SIT) to impact explosive muscle force production in field lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to examine SIT, concurrent to field-lacrosse-specific training, on the rate of torque development (RTD), contractile impulse, and muscle function in female high school field lacrosse players (n = 12; 16 ± 1 yrs.). SIT was performed three times per week, concurrent to field-lacrosse-specific training, for 12 weeks. Right lower-limb muscle performance was assessed pre-, mid-, and post-SIT training via isometric and isokinetic concentric knee extensor contractions. Outcomes included RTD (Nm·s
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2411-5142
ISSN (online)	2411-5142
DOI	10.3390/jfmk8030089
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Article ; Online: Consequences of forgoing prescription drug subsidies among low-income Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.

Glynn, Alexandra / Hernandez, Inmaculada / Roberts, Eric T

Health services research

2022 Volume 57, Issue 5, Page(s) 1136–1144

Abstract: Objective: The objective is to estimate the take-up of the Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and examine differences in out-of-pocket costs and prescription drug use between LIS enrollees and LIS- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The objective is to estimate the take-up of the Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy (LIS) among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and examine differences in out-of-pocket costs and prescription drug use between LIS enrollees and LIS-eligible non-enrollees. The LIS reduces out-of-pocket drug costs for low-income beneficiaries; however, not all LIS-eligible individuals are enrolled. Take-up of the LIS, and consequences of forgoing this benefit among beneficiaries with diabetes, remains unknown. Data sources: Health and Retirement Study linked to Medicare administrative data from 2008 to 2016. Study design: We conducted two analyses among beneficiaries with diabetes. First, we estimated LIS take-up stratified by income (≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level [FPL] and >100% to ≤150% of FPL). Second, to assess the consequences of forgoing the LIS among near-poor beneficiaries (incomes >100% to ≤150% of FPL), we conducted propensity score-weighted regression analyses to compare out-of-pocket costs, the prescription drug use, and cost-related medication non-adherence among LIS enrollees and LIS-eligible non-enrollees. Data collection/data extraction: N/A. Principal findings: Among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, 68.1% of those with incomes >100% to ≤150% of FPL received the LIS, while 90.3% with incomes ≤100% of FPL received the LIS. Among near-poor beneficiaries, LIS-eligible non-enrollees incurred higher annual out-of-pocket drug spending ($518; 95 [in USD]% CI: $370 [in USD], $667 [in USD]; p < 0.001), filled 7.3 fewer prescriptions for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia drugs (95% CI: -11.1, -3.5; p < 0.001), and were 8.9 percentage points more likely to report skipping drugs due to cost (95% CI: 0.3, 18.0; p = 0.04), all compared to LIS enrollees. Conclusions: Despite providing substantial financial assistance with prescription drug costs, the LIS is under-utilized among beneficiaries with chronic conditions requiring routine medication use. As policy makers discuss Part D reforms to address rising out-of-pocket drug costs, they should consider strategies to increase participation in existing programs that alleviate cost burdens among low-income Medicare beneficiaries.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Drug Costs ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Medicare Part D ; Poverty ; Prescription Drugs/therapeutic use ; United States
Chemical Substances	Prescription Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410435-3
ISSN	1475-6773 ; 0017-9124
ISSN (online)	1475-6773
ISSN	0017-9124
DOI	10.1111/1475-6773.13990
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Article ; Online: Acute coronary syndromes. Quality of care for STEMI in China.

Roberts, Alexandra

Nature reviews. Cardiology

2014 Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) 497

MeSH term(s)	Databases as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology ; Venous Thromboembolism/mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2490375-9
ISSN	1759-5010 ; 1759-5002
ISSN (online)	1759-5010
ISSN	1759-5002
DOI	10.1038/nrcardio.2014.102
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Zs.MG 98: Show issues

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