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Article ; Online: Robust overlay schemes for the fusion of fluorescence and color channels in biological imaging.

Glatz, Jürgen / Symvoulidis, Panagiotis / Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Ntziachristos, Vasilis

2014 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 40501

Abstract: Molecular fluorescence imaging is a commonly used method in various biomedical fields and is undergoing rapid translation toward clinical applications. Color images are commonly superimposed with fluorescence measurements to provide orientation, ... ...

Abstract	Molecular fluorescence imaging is a commonly used method in various biomedical fields and is undergoing rapid translation toward clinical applications. Color images are commonly superimposed with fluorescence measurements to provide orientation, anatomical information, and molecular tissue properties in a single image. New adaptive methods that produce a more robust composite image than conventional lime green alpha blending are presented and demonstrated herein. Moreover, visualization through temporal changes is showcased as an alternative for real-time imaging systems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Mice ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Plant Leaves ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Fluorescent Dyes ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1309154-2
ISSN	1560-2281 ; 1083-3668
ISSN (online)	1560-2281
ISSN	1083-3668
DOI	10.1117/1.JBO.19.4.040501
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Article ; Online: Enriching the interventional vision of cancer with fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging.

Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Glatz, Jürgen / Koch, Maximilian / Ntziachristos, Vasilis

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

2013 Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 664–667

Abstract: Among several techniques considered for surgical and endoscopic imaging, novel optical methods are evolving as a promising approach for interventional guidance. Pilot clinical applications of fluorescence molecular imaging have demonstrated the benefits ... ...

Abstract	Among several techniques considered for surgical and endoscopic imaging, novel optical methods are evolving as a promising approach for interventional guidance. Pilot clinical applications of fluorescence molecular imaging have demonstrated the benefits of using targeted fluorescent agents in cancer surgery. This premise can be extended broadly to interventional guidance through an increasing number of targeted agents and detection techniques. Beyond epi-illumination fluorescence imaging, optoacoustic (photoacoustic) methods are emerging to offer high-resolution cross-sectional optical imaging through several millimeters to centimeters of depth. We present an overview of key recent developments in optical interventional imaging and outline the potential for a paradigm shift in surgical and endoscopic visualization.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Contrast Media ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Photoacoustic Techniques/methods ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media ; Fluorescent Dyes
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80272-4
ISSN	1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
ISSN (online)	1535-5667
ISSN	0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
DOI	10.2967/jnumed.111.099796
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Zs.MO 328: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Steady-state total diffuse reflectance with an exponential decaying source.

Symvoulidis, Panagiotis / Jentoft, Karin M / Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Glatz, Jürgen / Ripoll, Jorge / Ntziachristos, Vasilis

Optics letters

2014 Volume 39, Issue 13, Page(s) 3919–3922

Abstract: The increasing preclinical and clinical utilization of digital cameras for photographic measurements of tissue conditions motivates the study of reflectance measurements obtained with planar illumination. We examine herein a formula that models the total ...

Abstract	The increasing preclinical and clinical utilization of digital cameras for photographic measurements of tissue conditions motivates the study of reflectance measurements obtained with planar illumination. We examine herein a formula that models the total diffuse reflectance measured from a semi-infinite medium using an exponentially decaying source, assuming continuous plane wave epi-illumination. The model is validated with experimental reflectance measurements from tissue mimicking phantoms. The need for adjusting the blood absorption spectrum due to pigment packaging is discussed along with the potential applications of the proposed formulation.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Animals ; Endoscopy/methods ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Monte Carlo Method ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Optical Imaging/statistics & numerical data ; Optical Phenomena ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Photography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1539-4794
ISSN (online)	1539-4794
DOI	10.1364/OL.39.003919
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Article ; Online: Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiopancreatoscopy: initial clinical feasibility results.

Glatz, Jürgen / Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Becker, Valentin / Koch, Maximilian / Meining, Alexander / Ntziachristos, Vasilis

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

2014 Volume 79, Issue 4, Page(s) 664–668

Abstract: Background: The recent clinical propagation of targeted fluorescence agents brings a promising alternative in endoscopy by complementing visual disease detection with molecular biomarkers.: Objective: Development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence ... ...

Abstract	Background: The recent clinical propagation of targeted fluorescence agents brings a promising alternative in endoscopy by complementing visual disease detection with molecular biomarkers. Objective: Development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence cholangiopancreatoscopy in real-time and validation of its clinical use. Design: Feasibility study. Setting: Tertiary referral center at a large university hospital. Patients: Patients with pancreatic and biliary diseases. Interventions: Routine cholangiopancreatoscopy with additional wide-field NIR fluorescence imaging. Main outcome measurements: We adapted a miniature cholangioscope for real-time concurrent wide-field color and NIR fluorescence imaging. Illumination is provided through a custom-designed fiber bundle, and the acquired images are relayed via a dichroic beam splitter to 2 charge-coupled devices for simultaneous measurement. We characterize the sensitivity and resolution and demonstrate the clinical feasibility by detecting indocyanine green localization in 2 patients. Results: A spatial optical resolution of approximately 50 μm was achieved, and fluorescent dye concentrations of 17.3 nM could be detected. Elevated fluorescence signals were detected during clinical measurements, and biopsy specimens confirmed the presence of malignancy in both patients. Limitations: Feasibility study, limited number of patients. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that real-time wide-field fluorescence detection in the NIR range is possible in humans by using adapted endoscopes. The feasibility of detecting indocyanine green in the pancreatobiliary ducts is verified, suggesting that cancer screening at a molecular level might play an increasingly important role in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis ; Coloring Agents ; Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Coloring Agents ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Indocyanine Green (IX6J1063HV)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391583-9
ISSN	1097-6779 ; 0016-5107
ISSN (online)	1097-6779
ISSN	0016-5107
DOI	10.1016/j.gie.2013.10.008
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Article ; Online: Feasibility study of imaging spectroscopy to monitor the quality of online welding.

Mirapeix, Jesús / García-Allende, P Beatriz / Cobo, Adolfo / Conde, Olga M / López-Higuera, José M

Applied optics

2009 Volume 48, Issue 24, Page(s) 4735–4742

Abstract: An online welding quality system based on the use of imaging spectroscopy is proposed and discussed. Plasma optical spectroscopy has already been successfully applied in this context by establishing a direct correlation between some spectroscopic ... ...

Abstract	An online welding quality system based on the use of imaging spectroscopy is proposed and discussed. Plasma optical spectroscopy has already been successfully applied in this context by establishing a direct correlation between some spectroscopic parameters, e.g., the plasma electronic temperature and the resulting seam quality. Given that the use of the so-called hyperspectral devices provides both spatial and spectral information, we propose their use for the particular case of arc welding quality monitoring in an attempt to determine whether this technique would be suitable for this industrial situation. Experimental welding tests are presented, and the ability of the proposed solution to identify simulated defects is proved. Detailed spatial analyses suggest that this additional dimension can be used to improve the performance of the entire system.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4522
ISSN (online)	1539-4522
DOI	10.1364/ao.48.004735
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Article: Defect Detection in Arc-Welding Processes by Means of the Line-to-Continuum Method and Feature Selection.

Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Mirapeix, Jesus / Conde, Olga M / Cobo, Adolfo / Lopez-Higuera, Jose M

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2009 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) 7753–7770

Abstract: Plasma optical spectroscopy is widely employed in on-line welding diagnostics. The determination of the plasma electron temperature, which is typically selected as the output monitoring parameter, implies the identification of the atomic emission lines. ... ...

Abstract	Plasma optical spectroscopy is widely employed in on-line welding diagnostics. The determination of the plasma electron temperature, which is typically selected as the output monitoring parameter, implies the identification of the atomic emission lines. As a consequence, additional processing stages are required with a direct impact on the real time performance of the technique. The line-to-continuum method is a feasible alternative spectroscopic approach and it is particularly interesting in terms of its computational efficiency. However, the monitoring signal highly depends on the chosen emission line. In this paper, a feature selection methodology is proposed to solve the uncertainty regarding the selection of the optimum spectral band, which allows the employment of the line-to-continuum method for on-line welding diagnostics. Field test results have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the solution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s91007753
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Article ; Online: Arc-Welding Spectroscopic Monitoring based on Feature Selection and Neural Networks.

Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Mirapeix, Jesus / Conde, Olga M / Cobo, Adolfo / Lopez-Higuera, Jose M

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2008 Volume 8, Issue 10, Page(s) 6496–6506

Abstract: A new spectral processing technique designed for application in the on-line detection and classification of arc-welding defects is presented in this paper. A noninvasive fiber sensor embedded within a TIG torch collects the plasma radiation originated ... ...

Abstract	A new spectral processing technique designed for application in the on-line detection and classification of arc-welding defects is presented in this paper. A noninvasive fiber sensor embedded within a TIG torch collects the plasma radiation originated during the welding process. The spectral information is then processed in two consecutive stages. A compression algorithm is first applied to the data, allowing real-time analysis. The selected spectral bands are then used to feed a classification algorithm, which will be demonstrated to provide an efficient weld defect detection and classification. The results obtained with the proposed technique are compared to a similar processing scheme presented in previous works, giving rise to an improvement in the performance of the monitoring system.
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-10-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s8106496
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Article ; Online: Morphological analysis of optical coherence tomography images for automated classification of gastrointestinal tissues.

Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Amygdalos, Iakovos / Dhanapala, Hiruni / Goldin, Robert D / Hanna, George B / Elson, Daniel S

Biomedical optics express

2011 Volume 2, Issue 10, Page(s) 2821–2836

Abstract: The impact of digestive diseases, which include disorders affecting the oropharynx and alimentary canal, ranges from the inconvenience of a transient diarrhoea to dreaded conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which are usually fatal. Currently, the major ...

Abstract	The impact of digestive diseases, which include disorders affecting the oropharynx and alimentary canal, ranges from the inconvenience of a transient diarrhoea to dreaded conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which are usually fatal. Currently, the major limitation for the diagnosis of such diseases is sampling error because, even in the cases of rigorous adherence to biopsy protocols, only a tiny fraction of the surface of the involved gastrointestinal tract is sampled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is an interferometric imaging technique for the minimally invasive measurement of biological samples, could decrease sampling error, increase yield, and even eliminate the need for tissue sampling provided that an automated, quick and reproducible tissue classification system is developed. Segmentation and quantification of ophthalmologic pathologies using OCT traditionally rely on the extraction of thickness and size measures from the OCT images, but layers are often not observed in nonopthalmic OCT imaging. Distinct mathematical methods, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and textural analyses including both spatial textural analysis derived from the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and statistical texture analysis obtained independently from center-symmetric autocorrelation (CSAC) and spatial grey-level dependency matrices (SGLDM), have been previously reported to overcome this problem. We propose an alternative approach consisting of a region segmentation according to the intensity variation along the vertical axis and a pure statistical technique for feature quantification, i.e. morphological analysis. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with traditional approaches are accomplished in the discrimination of freshly-excised specimens of gastrointestinal tissues to exhibit the feasibility of the proposed method for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in the clinical setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085 ; 2156-7085
ISSN (online)	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.2.002821
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Article: Towards clinically translatable NIR fluorescence molecular guidance for colonoscopy.

Garcia-Allende, P Beatriz / Glatz, Jürgen / Koch, Maximilian / Tjalma, Jolien J / Hartmans, Elmire / Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Anton G T / Symvoulidis, Panagiotis / van Dam, Gooitzen M / Nagengast, Wouter B / Ntziachristos, Vasilis

Biomedical optics express

2013 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 78–92

Abstract: White-light surveillance colonoscopy is the standard of care for the detection and removal of premalignant lesions to prevent colorectal cancer, and the main screening recommendation following treatment for recurrence detection. However, it lacks ... ...

Abstract	White-light surveillance colonoscopy is the standard of care for the detection and removal of premalignant lesions to prevent colorectal cancer, and the main screening recommendation following treatment for recurrence detection. However, it lacks sufficient diagnostic yield, exhibits unacceptable adenoma miss-rates and is not capable of revealing functional and morphological information of the detected lesions. Fluorescence molecular guidance in the near-infrared (NIR) is expected to have outstanding relevance regarding early lesion detection and heterogeneity characterization within and among lesions in these interventional procedures. Thereby, superficial and sub-surface tissue biomarkers can be optimally visualized due to a minimization of tissue attenuation and autofluorescence by comparison with the visible, which simultaneously enhance tissue penetration and assure minimal background. At present, this potential is challenged by the difficulty associated with the clinical propagation of disease-specific contrast agents and the absence of a commercially available endoscope that is capable of acquiring wide-field, NIR fluorescence at video-rates. We propose two alternative flexible endoscopic fluorescence imaging methods, each based on a CE certified commercial, clinical grade endoscope, and the employment of an approved monoclonal antibody labeled with a clinically applicable NIR fluorophore. Pre-clinical validation of these two strategies that aim at bridging NIR fluorescence molecular guidance to clinical translation is demonstrated in this study.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.5.000078
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Article: Automated identification of tumor microscopic morphology based on macroscopically measured scatter signatures.

Garcia-Allende, Pilar Beatriz / Krishnaswamy, Venkataramanan / Hoopes, P Jack / Samkoe, Kimberley S / Conde, Olga M / Pogue, Brian W

Journal of biomedical optics

2009 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 34034

Abstract: An automated algorithm and methodology is presented to identify tumor-tissue morphologies based on broadband scatter data measured by raster scan imaging of the samples. A quasi-confocal reflectance imaging system was used to directly measure the tissue ... ...

Abstract	An automated algorithm and methodology is presented to identify tumor-tissue morphologies based on broadband scatter data measured by raster scan imaging of the samples. A quasi-confocal reflectance imaging system was used to directly measure the tissue scatter reflectance in situ, and the spectrum was used to identify the scattering power, amplitude, and total wavelength-integrated intensity. Pancreatic tumor and normal samples were characterized using the instrument, and subtle changes in the scatter signal were encountered within regions of each sample. Discrimination between normal versus tumor tissue was readily performed using a K-nearest neighbor classifier algorithm. A similar approach worked for regions of tumor morphology when statistical preprocessing of the scattering parameters was included to create additional data features. This type of automated interpretation methodology can provide a tool for guiding surgical resection in areas where microscopy imaging cannot be realized efficiently by the surgeon. In addition, the results indicate important design changes for future systems.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Animals ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Fibrosis/pathology ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Necrosis/pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods ; Scattering, Radiation
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-06-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1309154-2
ISSN	1083-3668
ISSN	1083-3668
DOI	10.1117/1.3155512
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