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  1. Article: Loss of the brain-liver axis prevents hepatic steatosis in mice.

    Hwang, Jiyeon / Okada, Junichi / Liu, Li / Pessin, Jeffrey E / Schwartz, Gary J / Jo, Young-Hwan

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the liver, with the sympathetic innervation being extensively studied, while the parasympathetic efferent innervation is less understood despite its potential importance. In this ... ...

    Abstract Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the liver, with the sympathetic innervation being extensively studied, while the parasympathetic efferent innervation is less understood despite its potential importance. In this study, we investigate the consequences of disrupted brain-liver communication on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice exposed to obesogenic conditions. We found that a subset of hepatocytes and the bile duct are innervated by parasympathetic nerves originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The elimination of the brain-liver axis by deleting parasympathetic cholinergic neurons innervating the liver prevents hepatic steatosis and promots browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). The loss of the brain-liver axis also raises hepatic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.11.03.565494
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Liver-innervating vagal sensory neurons play an indispensable role in the development of hepatic steatosis and anxiety-like behavior in mice fed a high-fat diet.

    Hwang, Jiyeon / Okada, Junichi / Pessin, Jeffrey E / Chua, Streamson C / Schwartz, Gary J / Jo, Young-Hwan

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background and aims: The visceral organ-brain axis, mediated by vagal sensory neurons in the vagal nerve ganglion, is essential for maintaining various physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the impact of liver-projecting vagal sensory ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: The visceral organ-brain axis, mediated by vagal sensory neurons in the vagal nerve ganglion, is essential for maintaining various physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the impact of liver-projecting vagal sensory neurons on energy balance, hepatic steatosis, and anxiety-like behavior in mice under obesogenic conditions.
    Methods: We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of vagal sensory neurons innervating the liver. Based on our snRNA-Seq results, we used the Avil
    Results: A small subset of polymodal sensory neurons innervating the liver was located in the left and right ganglia, projecting centrally to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, area postrema, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and peripherally to the periportal areas in the liver. Male and female control mice developed diet-induced obesity (DIO) during high-fat diet feeding. Deleting liver-projecting advillin-positive vagal sensory neurons prevented DIO in male and female mice, and these outcomes are associated with increased energy expenditure. Although males and females exhibited improved glucose homeostasis following disruption of liver-projecting vagal sensory neurons, only male mice displayed increased insulin sensitivity. The loss of liver-projecting vagal sensory neurons limited the progression of hepatic steatosis in male and female mice fed a steatogenic diet. Finally, mice lacking liver-innervating vagal sensory neurons exhibited less anxiety-like behavior compared to the control mice.
    Conclusions: The liver-brain axis contributes to the regulation of energy balance, glucose tolerance, hepatic steatosis, and anxiety-like behavior depending on the nutrient status in healthy and obesogenic conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.02.20.581228
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Magel2

    Choi, Yuna / Min, Hyeon-Young / Hwang, Jiyeon / Jo, Young-Hwan

    Life science alliance

    2022  Volume 5, Issue 11

    Abstract: Hyperphagia and obesity profoundly affect the health of children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). ... ...

    Abstract Hyperphagia and obesity profoundly affect the health of children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The
    MeSH term(s) Amygdala/metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Female ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism ; Obesity/genetics ; Prader-Willi Syndrome/genetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/pharmacology ; Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; Magel2 protein, mouse ; Proteins ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2575-1077
    ISSN (online) 2575-1077
    DOI 10.26508/lsa.202201502
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Activation of the ARC

    Kwon, Eunjin / Jo, Young-Hwan

    Frontiers in neural circuits

    2020  Volume 14, Page(s) 595783

    Abstract: Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) plays an essential role in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4Rs) are expressed in key areas that are implicated in ... ...

    Abstract Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) plays an essential role in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4Rs) are expressed in key areas that are implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Although the importance of MC4Rs in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) has been well documented, the role of MC4Rs in the medial amygdala (MeA) on feeding remains controversial. In this study, we specifically examine the role of a novel ARC
    MeSH term(s) Amygdala/cytology ; Amygdala/metabolism ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/cytology ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/physiology ; Eating/drug effects ; Eating/physiology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/cytology ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; SHU 9119 (168482-23-3) ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1) ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones (9002-79-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2452968-0
    ISSN 1662-5110 ; 1662-5110
    ISSN (online) 1662-5110
    ISSN 1662-5110
    DOI 10.3389/fncir.2020.595783
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Overexpressing the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 in mouse brown adipose tissue restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice.

    Min, Hyeon-Young / Hwang, Jiyeon / Choi, Yuna / Jo, Young-Hwan

    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

    2022  Volume 323, Issue 3, Page(s) E231–E241

    Abstract: Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis. Increased glucose entry and glycolysis in BAT result in lactate production and release. The adipose tissue expresses the lactate receptor hydrocarboxylic ...

    Abstract Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis. Increased glucose entry and glycolysis in BAT result in lactate production and release. The adipose tissue expresses the lactate receptor hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1), markedly downregulated in male diet-induced obese (DIO) and
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Diet ; Glucose ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Lactates ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Hcar1 protein, mouse ; Lactates ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 603841-4
    ISSN 1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
    ISSN (online) 1522-1555
    ISSN 0193-1849
    DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1 in BAT regulates glucose uptake in mice fed a high-fat diet.

    Eunjin Kwon / Taesik Yoo / Hye-Young Joung / Young-Hwan Jo

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e

    2020  Volume 0228320

    Abstract: Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the capability to take up glucose from the circulation. Despite the important role of BAT in the control of glucose homeostasis, the metabolic fate and function of glucose in BAT remain elusive as there is ... ...

    Abstract Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the capability to take up glucose from the circulation. Despite the important role of BAT in the control of glucose homeostasis, the metabolic fate and function of glucose in BAT remain elusive as there is clear dissociation between glucose uptake and BAT thermogenesis. Interestingly, intracellular glycolysis and lactate production appear to be required for glucose uptake by BAT. Here, we specifically examine whether activation of lactate receptors in BAT plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). When C57BL/6J mice are given HFD for 5 weeks at 28°C, male, but not female, mice gain body weight and develop hyperglycemia. Importantly, high-fat feeding upregulates expression of the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) in female C57BL/6J mice, whereas male C57BL/6J mice show reduced HCAR1 expression in BAT. Treatment with the HCAR1 agonist lowers systemic glucose levels in male DIO mice. This reduction is associated with increased glucose uptake in BAT. Therefore, our results suggest that HCAR1 in BAT may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in male C57BL/6J DIO mice.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1 in BAT regulates glucose uptake in mice fed a high-fat diet.

    Kwon, Eunjin / Yoo, Taesik / Joung, Hye-Young / Jo, Young-Hwan

    PloS one

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e0228320

    Abstract: Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the capability to take up glucose from the circulation. Despite the important role of BAT in the control of glucose homeostasis, the metabolic fate and function of glucose in BAT remain elusive as there is ... ...

    Abstract Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the capability to take up glucose from the circulation. Despite the important role of BAT in the control of glucose homeostasis, the metabolic fate and function of glucose in BAT remain elusive as there is clear dissociation between glucose uptake and BAT thermogenesis. Interestingly, intracellular glycolysis and lactate production appear to be required for glucose uptake by BAT. Here, we specifically examine whether activation of lactate receptors in BAT plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). When C57BL/6J mice are given HFD for 5 weeks at 28°C, male, but not female, mice gain body weight and develop hyperglycemia. Importantly, high-fat feeding upregulates expression of the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) in female C57BL/6J mice, whereas male C57BL/6J mice show reduced HCAR1 expression in BAT. Treatment with the HCAR1 agonist lowers systemic glucose levels in male DIO mice. This reduction is associated with increased glucose uptake in BAT. Therefore, our results suggest that HCAR1 in BAT may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in male C57BL/6J DIO mice.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Animals ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hyperglycemia/chemically induced ; Hyperglycemia/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/chemically induced ; Obesity/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Up-Regulation
    Chemical Substances Hcar1 protein, mouse ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0228320
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  8. Article ; Online: Endogenous BDNF regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.

    Jo, Young-Hwan

    Journal of neurophysiology

    2012  Volume 107, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–49

    Abstract: Output from steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is anorexigenic. SF-1 neurons express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that contributes to the regulation of food intake and body weight. Here ...

    Abstract Output from steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is anorexigenic. SF-1 neurons express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that contributes to the regulation of food intake and body weight. Here I show that regulation of GABAergic inputs onto SF-1 neurons by endogenous BDNF determines the anorexigenic outcome from the VMH. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis reveals that one-third of SF-1 neurons express BDNF and that only a subset of BDNF-expressing SF-1 neurons coexpresses the melanocortin receptor type 4. Whole cell patch-clamp analysis of SF-1 neurons in the VMH shows that exogenous BDNF significantly increases the frequency of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). This enhancement of GABA drive readily decreases the excitability of SF-1 neurons. However, treatment with BDNF has no significant effect on the frequency of TTX-independent GABAergic IPSCs. Moreover, TrkB receptors are not localized at the postsynaptic sites of GABAergic synapses on SF-1 neurons as there is no change in the amplitude of miniature IPSCs in the presence of BDNF. Dual patch-clamp recordings in mouse hypothalamic slices reveal that stimulation of one SF-1 neuron induces an increase in sIPSC frequency onto the neighboring SF-1 neuron. More importantly, this effect is blocked by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Hence, this increased GABA drive onto SF-1 neurons may, in part, explain the cellular mechanisms that mediate the anorexigenic effects of BDNF.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiopathology
    Chemical Substances Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80161-6
    ISSN 1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
    ISSN (online) 1522-1598
    ISSN 0022-3077
    DOI 10.1152/jn.00353.2011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Uc I Zs.224: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: Why leptin keeps you warm.

    Jo, Young-Hwan / Buettner, Christoph

    Molecular metabolism

    2014  Volume 3, Issue 8, Page(s) 779–780

    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2212-8778
    ISSN 2212-8778
    DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.09.007
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  10. Article ; Online: Why leptin keeps you warm

    Young-Hwan Jo / Christoph Buettner

    Molecular Metabolism, Vol 3, Iss 8, Pp 779-

    2014  Volume 780

    Keywords Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
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