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Article ; Online: Exploring the effects of increasing underutilized crops on consumers' diets: the case of millet in Uganda.

Revoredo-Giha, Cesar / Toma, Luiza / Akaichi, Faical / Dawson, Ian

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

Abstract: Known in the literature as underutilized, neglected or orphan crops, these crops have been cited as having the potential to improve food and nutritional security. The literature also highlights however that consumers in developing countries are ... ...

Abstract	Known in the literature as underutilized, neglected or orphan crops, these crops have been cited as having the potential to improve food and nutritional security. The literature also highlights however that consumers in developing countries are increasingly abandoning their traditional diets that these crops are part of, and are replacing them by western diets. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumption and nutritional implications of expanding the participation of underutilized crops in current diets. This was done using a modified version of the microeconomic consumer problem. This was augmented with a linear constraint using generalized rationing theory that can be found in the economics literature. The method was applied to the case study of the consumption of millet (finger millet, botanical name: Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40100-021-00206-3.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2716609-0
ISSN	2193-7532 ; 2193-7532
ISSN (online)	2193-7532
ISSN	2193-7532
DOI	10.1186/s40100-021-00206-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Diagnostic accuracy of novel mRNA blood biomarkers of infection to predict outcomes in emergency department patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain.

Meltzer, Andrew C / Wargowsky, Richard S / Moran, Seamus / Jordan, Tristan / Toma, Ian / Jepson, Tisha / Shu, Shiyu / Ma, Yan / McCaffrey, Timothy A

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 21991

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-48752-8
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Article ; Online: Nanoscale Heterogeneities and Composition-Reactivity Relationships in Copper Vanadate Photoanodes.

Eichhorn, Johanna / Jiang, Chang-Ming / Cooper, Jason K / Sharp, Ian D / Toma, Francesca M

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2021 Volume 13, Issue 20, Page(s) 23575–23583

Abstract: The photoelectrochemical performance of thin film photoelectrodes can be impacted by deviations from the stoichiometric composition, both at the macroscale and at the nanoscale. This issue is especially pronounced for the class of ternary compounds that ... ...

Abstract	The photoelectrochemical performance of thin film photoelectrodes can be impacted by deviations from the stoichiometric composition, both at the macroscale and at the nanoscale. This issue is especially pronounced for the class of ternary compounds that are currently investigated for simultaneously achieving the optoelectronic characteristics and chemical stability required for solar fuel generation. Here, we combine macroscopic photoelectrochemical testing with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) to reveal relationships between photoelectrochemical activity, nanoscale morphology, and local chemical composition in copper vanadate (CVO) thin films as a model system. For films with varying Cu/(Cu + V) ratios around the ideal stoichiometry of stoiberite Cu
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.1c01848
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Article: Exploring the effects of increasing underutilized crops on consumers’ diets: the case of millet in Uganda

Revoredo-Giha, Cesar / Toma, Luiza / Akaichi, Faical / Dawson, Ian

Agricultural and food economics. 2022 Dec., v. 10, no. 1

2022

Abstract	Known in the literature as underutilized, neglected or orphan crops, these crops have been cited as having the potential to improve food and nutritional security. The literature also highlights however that consumers in developing countries are increasingly abandoning their traditional diets that these crops are part of, and are replacing them by western diets. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumption and nutritional implications of expanding the participation of underutilized crops in current diets. This was done using a modified version of the microeconomic consumer problem. This was augmented with a linear constraint using generalized rationing theory that can be found in the economics literature. The method was applied to the case study of the consumption of millet (finger millet, botanical name: Eleusine coracana) by rural, urban-poor and urban-affluent Ugandan socioeconomic groups. The results indicated that millet could contribute to improving the intake of macronutrients and of some micronutrients, though the overall picture is complex. However, under current preferences and given its demand inelasticity, to achieve a substantial increase in the quantity of millet in the diet will require a significant reduction of its price. Otherwise, the net impact on nutrition as measured by the mean adequacy ratio will be only slightly positive for rural and urban-poor households. Our findings indicate that supply-side initiatives aimed at increasing the productivity of underutilized crops (reducing crop price) are likely to produce disappointing results in restoring their importance unless accompanied by specific interventions to expand demand.
Keywords	Eleusine coracana ; case studies ; crop prices ; food security ; millets ; Uganda
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 1.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2716609-0
ISSN	2193-7532
ISSN	2193-7532
DOI	10.1186/s40100-021-00206-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in elective cranial surgery: a systematic review of time of initiation, regimen and duration.

Tan, Ian / Pandit, Anand S / Joshi, Shivani / Khan, Mehdi / Sayar, Zara / Westwood, John-Paul / Cohen, Hannah / Toma, Ahmed K

British journal of neurosurgery

2022 Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 407–414

Abstract: Introduction: Pharmacological prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) requires nuanced decision-making to balance the risk of VTE against haemorrhage. This problem is compounded in neurosurgical patients, in whom postoperative intracranial ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Pharmacological prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) requires nuanced decision-making to balance the risk of VTE against haemorrhage. This problem is compounded in neurosurgical patients, in whom postoperative intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) may be catastrophic, compared to non-neuraxial bleeding in other types of surgery. Current major guidelines recommend caution when using pharmacological prophylaxis in elective cranial surgery, but incorporate low-quality evidence and lack precise guidance on timing and duration of anticoagulation. Methods: We aimed to answer the following questions for patients undergoing elective cranial surgery: (1) when is the optimal time to initiate postoperative anticoagulation, and (2) how long should postoperative anticoagulation be continued for? In this systematic review, we screened randomised and non-randomised studies reporting original data on pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in elective cranial surgery. Outcomes of interest were VTE and ICH. Results: Three retrospective, single-centre observational studies met eligibility criteria, with a total of 923 participants. Meta-analysis was not performed due to a high risk of bias across all studies. Through narrative synthesis, we found that patients who developed VTE were significantly more likely to receive their first postoperative dose at a later time (mean: 144 vs. 29 h, Conclusion: The limited evidence favours earlier initiation and shorter courses of thromboprophylactic anticoagulation. These findings are specific to patients undergoing surgery for meningioma or glioma and may not apply to other populations. Randomised controlled trials or robustly designed observational studies are necessary to establish a clearer evidence base.
MeSH term(s)	Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	639029-8
ISSN	1360-046X ; 0268-8697
ISSN (online)	1360-046X
ISSN	0268-8697
DOI	10.1080/02688697.2022.2064429
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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction

Andrew C. Meltzer / Richard S. Wargowsky / Seamus Moran / Tristan Jordan / Ian Toma / Tisha Jepson / Shiyu Shu / Yan Ma / Timothy A. McCaffrey

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Diagnostic accuracy of novel mRNA blood biomarkers of infection to predict outcomes in emergency department patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain

2023 Volume 2

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Diagnostic accuracy of novel mRNA blood biomarkers of infection to predict outcomes in emergency department patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain.

Meltzer, Andrew C / Wargowsky, Richard S / Moran, Seamus / Jordan, Tristan / Toma, Ian / Jepson, Tisha / Shu, Shiyu / Ma, Yan / McCaffrey, Timothy A

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2297

Abstract: Abdominal pain represents greater than 20% of US Emergency Department (ED) visits due to a wide range of illnesses. There are currently no reliable blood biomarkers to predict serious outcomes in patients with abdominal pain. Our previous studies have ... ...

Abstract	Abdominal pain represents greater than 20% of US Emergency Department (ED) visits due to a wide range of illnesses. There are currently no reliable blood biomarkers to predict serious outcomes in patients with abdominal pain. Our previous studies have identified three mRNA transcripts related to innate immune activation: alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), interleukin-8 receptor-β (IL8RB), and defensin-1 (DEFA1) as promising candidates to detect an intra-abdominal infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of these mRNA biomarkers to predict likely infection, hospitalization and surgery in Emergency Department patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain. We prospectively enrolled Emergency Department patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain who received an abdominal CT scan as part of their evaluation. Clinical outcomes were abstracted from the CT scan and medical records. mRNA biomarker levels were calculated independent of the clinical outcomes and their accuracy was assessed to predict infectious diagnoses, surgery and hospital admission. 89 patients were enrolled; 21 underwent surgery; 47 underwent hospital admission; and, no deaths were observed within 30 days. In identifying which cases were likely infectious, mRNA biomarkers' AUC values were: ALPL, 0.83; DEFA1 0.51; IL8RB, 0.74; and ALPL + IL8RB, 0.79. In predicting which Emergency Department patients would receive surgery, the AUC values were: ALPL, 0.75; DEFA1, 0.58; IL8RB, 0.75; and ALPL + IL8RB, 0.76. In predicting hospital admission, the AUC values were: ALPL, 0.78; DEFA1, 0.52; IL8RB, 0.74; and, ALPL + IL8RB, 0.77. For predicting surgery, ALPL + IL8RB's positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 3.97; negative LR (NLR) was 0.70. For predicting hospital admission, the same marker's positive LR was 2.80 with an NLR of 0.45. Where the primary cause for admission was a potentially infectious disorder, 33 of 34 cases (97%) had positive RNA scores. In a pragmatic, prospective diagnostic accuracy trial in Emergency Department patients with undifferentiated abdominal pain, mRNA biomarkers showed good accuracy to identify patients with potential infection, as well as those needing surgery or hospital admission.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Biomarkers ; Abdominal Pain/diagnosis ; Abdominal Pain/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-29385-3
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Article ; Online: Haemodynamic changes in visceral hybrid repairs of type III and type V thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

Ong, Chi Wei / Wee, Ian J Y / Toma, Milan / Cui, Fangsen / Xu, Xiao Yun / Richards, Arthur Mark / Leo, Hwa Liang / Choong, Andrew M T L

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 13760

Abstract: The visceral hybrid procedure combining retrograde visceral bypass grafting and completion endovascular stent grafting is a feasible alternative to conventional open surgical or wholly endovascular repairs of thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAAA). However, ... ...

Abstract	The visceral hybrid procedure combining retrograde visceral bypass grafting and completion endovascular stent grafting is a feasible alternative to conventional open surgical or wholly endovascular repairs of thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAAA). However, the wide variability in visceral hybrid configurations means that a priori prediction of surgical outcome based on haemodynamic flow profiles such as velocity pattern and wall shear stress post repair remain challenging. We sought to appraise the clinical relevance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses in the setting of visceral hybrid TAAA repairs. Two patients, one with a type III and the other with a type V TAAA, underwent successful elective and emergency visceral hybrid repairs, respectively. Flow patterns and haemodynamic parameters were analysed using reconstructed pre- and post-operative CT scans. Both type III and type V TAAAs showed highly disturbed flow patterns with varying helicity values preoperatively within their respective aneurysms. Low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and high endothelial cell action potential (ECAP) and relative residence time (RRT) associated with thrombogenic susceptibility was observed in the posterior aspect of both TAAAs preoperatively. Despite differing bypass configurations in the elective and emergency repairs, both treatment options appear to improve haemodynamic performance compared to preoperative study. However, we observed reduced TAWSS in the right iliac artery (portending a theoretical risk of future graft and possibly limb thrombosis), after the elective type III visceral hybrid repair, but not the emergency type V repair. We surmise that this difference may be attributed to the higher neo-bifurcation of the aortic stent graft in the type III as compared to the type V repair. Our results demonstrate that CFD can be used in complicated visceral hybrid repair to yield potentially actionable predictive insights with implications on surveillance and enhanced post-operative management, even in patients with complicated geometrical bypass configurations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracoabdominal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Aorta ; Action Potentials ; Hemodynamics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-40323-1
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Article ; Online: MARVEL domain containing CMTM4 affects CXCR4 trafficking.

Bona, Alexandra / Seifert, Michael / Thünauer, Roland / Zodel, Kyra / Frew, Ian J / Römer, Winfried / Walz, Gerd / Yakulov, Toma A

Molecular biology of the cell

2022 Volume 33, Issue 13, Page(s) ar116

Abstract: The MARVEL proteins CMTM4 and CMTM6 control PD-L1, thereby influencing tumor immunity. We found that defective ... ...

Abstract	The MARVEL proteins CMTM4 and CMTM6 control PD-L1, thereby influencing tumor immunity. We found that defective zebrafish
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism ; Ligands ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Zebrafish/metabolism
Chemical Substances	B7-H1 Antigen ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Ligands ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1098979-1
ISSN	1939-4586 ; 1059-1524
ISSN (online)	1939-4586
ISSN	1059-1524
DOI	10.1091/mbc.E22-05-0152
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Zs.A 2853: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Aneurysm management in patients over 80 years old with good grade subarachnoid haemorrhage.

British journal of neurosurgery

2023 , Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Background: An increasing proportion of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) occurs in older patients, in whom there is widespread variability in treatment rates due to a different balance of risks. Our aim was to compare outcomes of patients over ...

Abstract	Background: An increasing proportion of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) occurs in older patients, in whom there is widespread variability in treatment rates due to a different balance of risks. Our aim was to compare outcomes of patients over 80 years old with good grade aSAH who underwent treatment of their aneurysm with those who did not. Methods: Adult patients with good grade aSAH admitted to tertiary regional neurosciences centres contributing to the UK and Ireland Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Database (UKISAH) and a cohort of consecutive patients admitted from three regional cohorts were included for analysis. Outcomes were functional outcome at discharge, three months and survival at discharge. Results: In the UKISAH, patients whose aneurysm was treated were more likely to have a favourable outcome at discharge (OR 2.34, CI 1.12-4.91, Conclusions: Better early functional outcomes in those undergoing aneurysm treatment appear to be explained by differences in frailty and comorbidity. Therefore, treatment decisions in this patient group are finely balanced with no clear evidence overall of either benefit or harm in this cohort.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639029-8
ISSN	1360-046X ; 0268-8697
ISSN (online)	1360-046X
ISSN	0268-8697
DOI	10.1080/02688697.2023.2205939
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