LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 21

Search options

  1. Article: Transfusion Support for ABO-Incompatible Progenitor Cell Transplantation.

    Kopko, Patricia M

    Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie

    2015  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–18

    Abstract: ABO-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional ABO-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell ... ...

    Abstract ABO-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional ABO-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell infusion, hemolysis during donor engraftment, passenger lymphocyte syndrome, delayed red blood cell engraftment, and pure red cell aplasia. Appropriate transfusion support during the different phases of the allogeneic progenitor cell transplant process is an important part of ABO-incompatible transplantation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2100848-6
    ISSN 1660-3818 ; 1660-3796
    ISSN (online) 1660-3818
    ISSN 1660-3796
    DOI 10.1159/000441612
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 959: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Article ; Online: Comprehensive guide to managing a chronic automated red cell exchange program in sickle cell disease.

    Cunard, Robyn / Gopal, Srila / Kopko, Patricia M / Dang, Minh-Uyen / Hazle, Kathryn M / Sanchez, Amber P

    Journal of clinical apheresis

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 497–506

    Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and limits both the quality and quantity of life. Transfusion therapy, specifically automated red cell exchange (aRCE), plays a key role in management of SCD and is ... ...

    Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and limits both the quality and quantity of life. Transfusion therapy, specifically automated red cell exchange (aRCE), plays a key role in management of SCD and is beneficial for certain indications in the chronic, outpatient setting. The approach to maintain a successful chronic aRCE program for SCD is multifaceted. This review will highlight important considerations including indications for aRCE, patient selection, transfusion medicine pearls, vascular access needs, complications of therapy, aRCE prescription, and therapy optimization. Moreover, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach with frequent communication between the services involved cannot be overstated. Ultimately, the underlying goal of a chronic RCE program is to improve the quality of life and longevity of patients with SCD.
    MeSH term(s) Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Quality of Life
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604912-6
    ISSN 1098-1101 ; 0733-2459
    ISSN (online) 1098-1101
    ISSN 0733-2459
    DOI 10.1002/jca.22014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1831: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  3. Article ; Online: Optimizing transfusion management of multiple myeloma patients receiving daratumumab-based regimens.

    Phou, Samantha / Costello, Caitlin / Kopko, Patricia M / Allen, Elizabeth S

    Transfusion

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 7, Page(s) 2054–2063

    Abstract: ... with reagent red blood cells (RBCs) treated with 0.2 M dithiothreitol. When daratumumab was present during ...

    Abstract Background: Daratumumab, a human anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple myeloma, interferes with pretransfusion testing and can mask alloantibodies. Incidence of alloimmunization in patients on daratumumab has not been well characterized, and optimal transfusion guidelines regarding prophylactic antigen matching, accounting for both patient safety and efficiency, have not been well established for these patients.
    Methods: Records of patients who received daratumumab between January 1, 2014 and July 2, 2019 were reviewed. Daratumumab interference with pretransfusion testing was managed by testing with reagent red blood cells (RBCs) treated with 0.2 M dithiothreitol. When daratumumab was present during antibody testing, patients were transfused with RBC units prophylactically matched for D, C, c, E, e, and K antigens per hospital policy.
    Results: Out of 90 patients identified, 52 received a total of 638 RBC transfusions (average of 12.3 units per patient, SD 17.2, range 1-105, median 5 among those transfused). Alloantibodies existing before daratumumab initiation were identified in seven patients. No new alloantibodies were detected in any patients after starting daratumumab treatment.
    Conclusions: The incidence of alloimmunization in patients receiving daratumumab is low. Whether this is due to the effect of daratumumab, underlying pathophysiology, or other factors, is unknown. Because these patients require a large number of RBC transfusions overall and have little observed alloimmunization, phenotype matching (beyond RhD) may be unnecessary. Since the use of dithiothreitol cannot rule out the presence of anti-K, we recommend transfusion of ABO-compatible units, prophylactically matched for the D and K antigens only.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allografts ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Artifacts ; Blood Group Antigens/immunology ; Blood Group Incompatibility/blood ; Blood Group Incompatibility/diagnosis ; Blood Group Incompatibility/epidemiology ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/methods ; Blood Transfusion ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Erythrocytes/drug effects ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Isoantibodies/blood ; Isoantibodies/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy ; Transplantation, Autologous
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; Blood Group Antigens ; Isoantibodies ; daratumumab (4Z63YK6E0E) ; Dithiothreitol (T8ID5YZU6Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.16425
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 284: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article ; Online: Economic implications of FDA platelet bacterial guidance compliance options: Comparison of single-step strategies.

    Prioli, Katherine M / Abersone, Ilze / Kopko, Patricia M / Herman, Jay H / Custer, Brian / Pizzi, Laura T

    Transfusion

    2022  Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 365–373

    Abstract: Background: Bloodborne pathogens pose a major safety risk in transfusion medicine. To mitigate the risk of bacterial contamination in platelet units, FDA issues updated guidance materials on various bacterial risk control strategies (BRCS). This ... ...

    Abstract Background: Bloodborne pathogens pose a major safety risk in transfusion medicine. To mitigate the risk of bacterial contamination in platelet units, FDA issues updated guidance materials on various bacterial risk control strategies (BRCS). This analysis presents results of a budget impact model updated to include 5- and 7-day pathogen reduced (PR) and large volumed delayed sampling (LVDS) BRCS.
    Study design and methods: Model base-case parameter inputs were based on scientific literature, a survey distributed to 27 US hospitals, and transfusion experts' opinion. The outputs include hospital budget and shelf-life impacts for 5- and 7-day LVDS, and 5- and 7-day PR units under three different scenarios: (1) 100% LVDS, (2) 100% PR, and (3) mix of 50% LVDS - and 50% PR.
    Results: Total annual costs from the hospital perspective were highest for 100% LVDS platelets (US$2.325M) and lowest for 100% PR-7 units (US$2.170M). Net budget impact after offsetting annual costs by outpatient reimbursements was 5.5% lower for 5-day PR platelets as compared to 5-day LVDS (US$1.663 vs. US$1.760M). A mix of 7-day LVDS and 5-day PR platelets had net annual costs that were 1.3% lower than for 100% 7-day LVDS, but 1.3% higher than for 100% 5-day PR. 7-day PR platelets had the longest shelf life (4.63 days), while 5-day LVDS had the shortest (2.00 days).
    Discussion: The model identifies opportunities to minimize transfusion center costs for 5- and 7-day platelets. Budget impact models such as this are important for understanding the financial implications of evolving FDA guidance and new platelet technologies.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Platelets/microbiology ; Blood Transfusion ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Humans ; Platelet Transfusion/methods ; Specimen Handling
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.16778
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 284: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  5. Article ; Online: How do we ensure a safe ABO recheck process?

    Stephens, Laura D / Allen, Elizabeth S / Bloch, Evan M / Crowe, Elizabeth P / Campbell-Lee, Sally A / Booth, Garrett S / Kopko, Patricia

    Transfusion

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 10, Page(s) 1789–1796

    Abstract: Background: Collecting a patient's blood in a correctly labeled pretransfusion specimen tube is essential for accurate ABO typing and safe transfusion. Noncompliance with specimen collection procedures can lead to wrong blood in tube (WBIT) incidents ... ...

    Abstract Background: Collecting a patient's blood in a correctly labeled pretransfusion specimen tube is essential for accurate ABO typing and safe transfusion. Noncompliance with specimen collection procedures can lead to wrong blood in tube (WBIT) incidents with potentially fatal consequences. Recent WBIT events inspired the investigation of how various institutions currently reduce the risk of these errors and ensure accurate ABO typing of patient samples.
    Materials and methods: This article describes the techniques employed at various institutions across the United States to mitigate the risk of misidentified pretransfusion patient specimens. Details and considerations for each of these measures are provided.
    Results: Several institutions require the order for an ABO confirmation specimen, if indicated, to be generated from the transfusion medicine (TM) laboratory. Others issue a dedicated collection tube that is available exclusively from the TM service. Many institutions employ barcoding for electronic positive patient identification. Some use a combination of these strategies, depending on the locations or service lines from which the specimens are collected.
    Conclusion: The description of various WBIT mitigation strategies will inform TM services on practices that may be effective at their respective institutions. Irrespective of the method(s) utilized, institutions should continue to monitor and mitigate specimen misidentification errors to promote sustained safe transfusion practices.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Medical Errors/prevention & control ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Banks ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Blood Specimen Collection/methods ; ABO Blood-Group System
    Chemical Substances ABO Blood-Group System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17530
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 284: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article ; Online: Transfusion Support for ABO-Incompatible Progenitor Cell Transplantation

    Kopko, Patricia M.

    Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy

    2016  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–18

    Abstract: ABO-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional ABO-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell ... ...

    Abstract ABO-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional ABO-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell infusion, hemolysis during donor engraftment, passenger lymphocyte syndrome, delayed red blood cell engraftment, and pure red cell aplasia. Appropriate transfusion support during the different phases of the allogeneic progenitor cell transplant process is an important part of ABO-incompatible transplantation.© 2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
    Keywords ABO-incompatible transplant ; Transfusion ; Platelet transfusion
    Language English
    Publisher S. Karger AG
    Publishing place Basel
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2100848-6
    ISSN 1660-3818 ; 1660-3796 ; 1660-3796
    ISSN (online) 1660-3818
    ISSN 1660-3796
    DOI 10.1159/000441612
    Database Karger publisher's database

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 959: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  7. Article: Transfusion Support for ABO-Incompatible Progenitor Cell Transplantation

    Kopko, Patricia M.

    Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy

    2015  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–18

    Abstract: ABO-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional ABO-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell ... ...

    Institution Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
    Abstract ABO-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional ABO-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell infusion, hemolysis during donor engraftment, passenger lymphocyte syndrome, delayed red blood cell engraftment, and pure red cell aplasia. Appropriate transfusion support during the different phases of the allogeneic progenitor cell transplant process is an important part of ABO-incompatible transplantation.
    Keywords Transfusion ; Platelet transfusion ; ABO-incompatible transplant
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-29
    Publisher S. Karger GmbH
    Publishing place Freiburg, Germany
    Document type Article
    Note Review Article
    ZDB-ID 2100848-6
    ISSN 1660-3818 ; 1660-3796
    ISSN (online) 1660-3818
    ISSN 1660-3796
    DOI 10.1159/000441612
    Database Karger publisher's database

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 959: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  8. Article ; Online: Antibodies associated with TRALI: differences in clinical relevance.

    Kopko, Patricia M / Bux, Jürgen / Toy, Pearl

    Transfusion

    2018  Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 1147–1151

    MeSH term(s) Antibodies/immunology ; Blood Donors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Transfusion Reaction/immunology ; Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.15094
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 284: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  9. Article ; Online: Transfusion-related acute lung injury.

    Kopko, Patricia M

    Journal of infusion nursing : the official publication of the Infusion Nurses Society

    2010  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 32–37

    Abstract: Transfusion-related acute lung injury is a clinical syndrome that occurs within 6 hours of transfusion. It is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. It presents with shortness of breath, acute pulmonary edema, fever, hypotension, or ... ...

    Abstract Transfusion-related acute lung injury is a clinical syndrome that occurs within 6 hours of transfusion. It is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. It presents with shortness of breath, acute pulmonary edema, fever, hypotension, or hypertension followed by hypotension. Treatment consists of respiratory support and fluid administration to support blood pressure. A majority of cases are associated with antibodies to white blood cells in the blood donor. Blood centers in the United States are currently taking measures to reduce the risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury from blood components.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Lung Injury/diagnosis ; Acute Lung Injury/etiology ; Acute Lung Injury/physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Transfusion Reaction ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2083942-X
    ISSN 1539-0667 ; 1533-1458
    ISSN (online) 1539-0667
    ISSN 1533-1458
    DOI 10.1097/NAN.0b013e3181c65883
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  10. Article ; Online: Phased implementation of pathogen-reduced platelets in a health system facilitates increased manufacturing at the blood center.

    Allen, Elizabeth S / Vincent, Colleen / Reeve, David A / Kopko, Patricia M

    Transfusion

    2019  Volume 59, Issue 10, Page(s) 3120–3127

    Abstract: Background: Pathogen reduction treatment (PRT) reduces the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections from established and emerging organisms. Manufacturing, however, is complex. In our university health system, we phased in pathogen-reduced platelets ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pathogen reduction treatment (PRT) reduces the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections from established and emerging organisms. Manufacturing, however, is complex. In our university health system, we phased in pathogen-reduced platelets (PR PLTs) by patient population. We then assessed the implementation strategy and investigated factors in the supply chain that prevented us from meeting the goal of providing greater than 90% PR PLTs within 6 months.
    Study design and methods: In Phase 1, PR PLTs were provided in the outpatient cancer center. Phase 2 added inpatients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, and Phase 3 included all patients. In Phase 4, the blood center implemented manufacturing optimization strategies. Product supply and usage during the first 23 months after implementation were evaluated. Investigation of the supply chain included analysis of (1) the number of in-state hospitals receiving PR PLTs; (2) the fraction of products eligible for PRT before and after manufacturing improvements.
    Results: During Phases 1 and 2, PR products comprised 44% and 53% of PLTs transfused in the phased-in areas. At 6 months, 41% of PLTs were PR, and at 23 months, 92%. The fraction of PR PLTs transfused in our system correlated logarithmically with the number of in-state hospitals receiving them (R
    Conclusion: Phased implementation is a practical and ethical way to introduce PR PLTs in a health system and facilitates scalability at the blood center. Widespread availability of PR products may require collective action and can be increased by optimization strategies during manufacturing.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Preservation ; Blood Safety/methods ; Humans ; Platelet Transfusion/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.15480
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 284: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top