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  1. Article ; Online: A cause should not be automatically taken as an effect modifier of other causes: response to Digitale et al.

    Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Journal of clinical epidemiology

    2022  Volume 146, Page(s) 128–130

    MeSH term(s) Causality ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639306-8
    ISSN 1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
    ISSN (online) 1878-5921
    ISSN 0895-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.02.013
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  2. Article ; Online: The total effect of ethnicity on COVID-19 outcomes is underestimated when conditioning for comorbidities: response to Learoyd et al.

    Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander / Santos de Melo, Luís Ricardo

    Journal of clinical epidemiology

    2024  , Page(s) 111261

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 639306-8
    ISSN 1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
    ISSN (online) 1878-5921
    ISSN 0895-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111261
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  3. Article ; Online: Bias attributable to the use of a composite outcome in evaluating a cocoa extract supplement.

    Ramírez, Paula C / Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2023  Volume 116, Issue 5, Page(s) 1452

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Plant Extracts ; Cacao
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqac185
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  4. Article ; Online: Estimating and testing an index of bias attributable to composite outcomes in comparative studies.

    Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Journal of clinical epidemiology

    2020  Volume 132, Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to develop an index to evaluate the bias attributable to composite outcomes (BACOs) in comparative clinical studies.: Study design and setting: The author defined the BACO index as the ratio of the logarithm of the ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to develop an index to evaluate the bias attributable to composite outcomes (BACOs) in comparative clinical studies.
    Study design and setting: The author defined the BACO index as the ratio of the logarithm of the association measure (e.g., relative risk) of the composite outcome to that of its most relevant component endpoint (e.g., mortality). Methods to calculate the confidence intervals and test the null hypotheses (BACO index = 1) were described and applied in systematically selected clinical trials. Two other preselected trials were included as "positive controls" for being examples of primary composite outcomes disregarded because of inconsistency with the treatment effect on mortality.
    Results: The BACO index values different from 1 were classified according to whether the use of composite outcomes overestimated (BACO index >1), underestimated (BACO index between 0 and <1), or inverted (BACO index <0) the association between exposure and prognosis. In 3 of 23 systematically selected trials and the two positive controls, the BACO indices were significantly lower than 1 (P < 0.005).
    Conclusion: BACO index can warn that the composite outcome association is stronger, weaker, or even opposite than that of its most critical component.
    MeSH term(s) Bias ; Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639306-8
    ISSN 1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
    ISSN (online) 1878-5921
    ISSN 0895-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.12.003
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  5. Article ; Online: How has the municipal availability of the GeneXpert®MTB/RIF system affected the detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Brazil?

    Aguilar-Jiménez, Jhancy Rocío / Pelissari, Daniele Maria / Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–62

    Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the association between the availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF in municipalities and the proportion of people who have access to this diagnostic technology for tuberculosis (TB), as well as the resistance detected by the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between the availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF in municipalities and the proportion of people who have access to this diagnostic technology for tuberculosis (TB), as well as the resistance detected by the surveillance system in Brazil.
    Methods: We analysed 4998 Brazilian municipalities that reported 432,937 new TB cases between 2015 and 2020. We compared municipalities with and without the availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF regarding the effective access to GeneXpert®MTB/RIF diagnosis and the prevalence of detected resistance.
    Results: Municipalities with at least one GeneXpert®MTB/RIF system had three times (95% CI 2.9-3.0) the access to diagnostic tests and 80.4% (95% CI 70.6%-90.2%) higher detection of resistance, compared with municipalities without this technology. We estimated that there have been 1890 cases of undetected resistance during this period in the country.
    Conclusions: The availability of GeneXpert®MTB/RIF system in the municipality increased the sensitivity of the surveillance for detecting TB resistance.
    Public health implications: It is a priority to strengthen laboratory networks and narrow the gap in access to rapid diagnosis in remote areas to improve the detection and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Rifampin/pharmacology ; Rifampin/therapeutic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1314080-2
    ISSN 1365-3156 ; 1360-2276
    ISSN (online) 1365-3156
    ISSN 1360-2276
    DOI 10.1111/tmi.13945
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  6. Article ; Online: Using a Composite Outcome in Estimating the Effect of Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis on Prognosis in African Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

    Ramírez, Paula C / Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2021  Volume 73, Issue 8, Page(s) 1550–1551

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination (8064-90-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciab362
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  7. Article ; Online: Sample allocation balancing overall representativeness and stratum precision.

    Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Annals of epidemiology

    2018  Volume 28, Issue 8, Page(s) 570–575

    Abstract: Purpose: In large-scale surveys, it is often necessary to distribute a preset sample size among a number of strata. Researchers must make a decision between prioritizing overall representativeness or precision of stratum estimates. Hence, I evaluated ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: In large-scale surveys, it is often necessary to distribute a preset sample size among a number of strata. Researchers must make a decision between prioritizing overall representativeness or precision of stratum estimates. Hence, I evaluated different sample allocation strategies based on stratum size.
    Methods: The strategies evaluated herein included allocation proportional to stratum population; equal sample for all strata; and proportional to the natural logarithm, cubic root, and square root of the stratum population. This study considered the fact that, from a preset sample size, the dispersion index of stratum sampling fractions is correlated with the population estimator error and the dispersion index of stratum-specific sampling errors would measure the inequality in precision distribution. Identification of a balanced and efficient strategy was based on comparing those both dispersion indices.
    Results: Balance and efficiency of the strategies changed depending on overall sample size. As the sample to be distributed increased, the most efficient allocation strategies were equal sample for each stratum; proportional to the logarithm, to the cubic root, to square root; and that proportional to the stratum population, respectively.
    Conclusions: Depending on sample size, each of the strategies evaluated could be considered in optimizing the sample to keep both overall representativeness and stratum-specific precision.
    MeSH term(s) Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Sample Size ; Selection Bias ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074355-8
    ISSN 1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2585
    ISSN 1047-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.04.011
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  8. Article ; Online: Early estimates of the incidence trend and the reproductive number of the monkeypox epidemic in Brazil.

    Schrarstzhaupt, Isaac N / Fontes-Dutra, Mellanie / Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Travel medicine and infectious disease

    2022  Volume 50, Page(s) 102484

    Abstract: Background: We aimed to calculate the weekly growth of the incidence and the effective reproductive number (Rt) of the 2022 Monkeypox epidemic during its introduction in Brazil.: Method: We described the case distribution in the country and ... ...

    Abstract Background: We aimed to calculate the weekly growth of the incidence and the effective reproductive number (Rt) of the 2022 Monkeypox epidemic during its introduction in Brazil.
    Method: We described the case distribution in the country and calculated the incidence trend and the Rt in the four geographical states with the highest case reports. By using two regression approaches, count model and the Prais-Winsten, we calculated the relative incidence increase. Moreover, we estimated the Rt for the period between the 24th and the 50th days after the first official report, using a serial interval reported in another population and two alternative values (± 3 days).
    Results: Up to August 22, 3.896 Monkeypox cases were confirmed in Brazil. The weekly incidence increases were between 37.5% (95% CI: 20.7% - 56,6%) and 82.1% (95% CI: 59.5%-107.8%), and all estimates of Rt were significantly higher than 1 in the four states analyzed.
    Conclusions: The Monkeypox outbreak in Brazil is a significant public health emergency that requires coordinated public health strategies such as testing, contact tracing, and vaccination.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Epidemics ; Disease Outbreaks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2170891-5
    ISSN 1873-0442 ; 1477-8939
    ISSN (online) 1873-0442
    ISSN 1477-8939
    DOI 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102484
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  9. Article ; Online: Dengue severity: a key determinant of underreporting.

    Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander

    Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH

    2015  Volume 20, Issue 10, Page(s) 1403

    MeSH term(s) Dengue/epidemiology ; Endemic Diseases ; Humans ; Population Surveillance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1314080-2
    ISSN 1365-3156 ; 1360-2276
    ISSN (online) 1365-3156
    ISSN 1360-2276
    DOI 10.1111/tmi.12542
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  10. Article ; Online: House Condition Scoring Scale as a Risk Indicator of Infestation by Aedes in Two Mexican Localities.

    Monroy-Díaz, Ángela Liliana / Ramos-Castañeda, José / Amaya-Larios, Irma Yvonne / Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander / Martínez-Vega, Ruth Aralí

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2023  Volume 108, Issue 6, Page(s) 1264–1271

    Abstract: Mexico has shown an increase in dengue incidence rates. There are factors related to the location that determine housing infestation by Aedes. This study aimed to determine factors associated with housing infestation by immature forms of Aedes spp. in ... ...

    Abstract Mexico has shown an increase in dengue incidence rates. There are factors related to the location that determine housing infestation by Aedes. This study aimed to determine factors associated with housing infestation by immature forms of Aedes spp. in the dengue endemic localities of Axochiapan and Tepalcingo, Mexico, from 2014 to 2016. A cohort study was carried out. Surveys and inspections of front- and backyards were conducted every 6 months, looking for immature forms of Aedes spp. A house condition scoring scale was developed using three variables (house maintenance, tidiness of the front- and backyards, and shading of the front- and backyards). Multiple and multilevel regression logistic analysis were conducted considering the housing infestation as the outcome and the household characteristics observed 6 months before the outcome as factors; this was adjusted by time (seasonal and cyclical variations of the vector). The infestation oscillated between 5.8% of the houses in the second semester of 2015 and 29.3% in the second semester of 2016. The factors directly associated with housing infestation by Aedes were the house condition score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.40-1.91) and the previous record of housing infestation (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.00-4.48). Moreover, the breeding-site elimination done by house residents reduced the housing infestation odds by 81% (95% CI: 25-95%). These factors were independent of the seasonal and cyclical variations of the vector. In conclusion, our findings could help to focalize antivectorial interventions in dengue-endemic regions with similar demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Aedes ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Mosquito Vectors ; Housing ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Mosquito Control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0707
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