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Article ; Online: B cells orchestrate tolerance to the neuromyelitis optica autoantigen AQP4.

Afzali, Ali Maisam / Nirschl, Lucy / Sie, Christopher / Pfaller, Monika / Ulianov, Oleksii / Hassler, Tobias / Federle, Christine / Petrozziello, Elisabetta / Kalluri, Sudhakar Reddy / Chen, Hsin Hsiang / Tyystjärvi, Sofia / Muschaweckh, Andreas / Lammens, Katja / Delbridge, Claire / Büttner, Andreas / Steiger, Katja / Seyhan, Gönül / Ottersen, Ole Petter / Öllinger, Rupert /

Rad, Roland / Jarosch, Sebastian / Straub, Adrian / Mühlbauer, Anton / Grassmann, Simon / Hemmer, Bernhard / Böttcher, Jan P / Wagner, Ingrid / Kreutzfeldt, Mario / Merkler, Doron / Pardàs, Irene Bonafonte / Schmidt Supprian, Marc / Buchholz, Veit R / Heink, Sylvia / Busch, Dirk H / Klein, Ludger / Korn, Thomas

Nature

2024 Volume 627, Issue 8003, Page(s) 407–415

Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica is a paradigmatic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which the water-channel protein AQP4 is the target ... ...

Abstract	Neuromyelitis optica is a paradigmatic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which the water-channel protein AQP4 is the target antigen
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; AIRE Protein ; Aquaporin 4/deficiency ; Aquaporin 4/genetics ; Aquaporin 4/immunology ; Aquaporin 4/metabolism ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CD40 Antigens/immunology ; Germinal Center/cytology ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Neuromyelitis Optica/immunology ; Neuromyelitis Optica/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; Thyroid Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Thyroid Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	AIRE Protein ; AQP4 protein, human ; Aqp4 protein, mouse ; Aquaporin 4 ; Autoantibodies ; Autoantigens ; CD40 Antigens ; interleukin-21 (MKM3CA6LT1) ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-024-07079-8
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Zs.A 26: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: B cell modulation strategies in the improvement of transplantation outcomes.

Afzali, Shima / Salehi, Saeedeh / Shahi, Abbas / Amirzargar, Aliakbar

Molecular immunology

2020 Volume 125, Page(s) 140–150

Abstract: ... B cells have a key role in transplant rejection by several functions, such as antibody production, antigen ... Therefore, B cells modulation seems to be very crucial in transplant outcome. A double-edged sword function is ... considered for B cells during transplantation; On the one hand, antibody production against ...

Abstract	Successful transplantation outcome is the final goal in most end stage and nonfunctional organs; however, despite using different therapeutic strategies, antibody-mediated rejection is still a big obstacle. B cells have a key role in transplant rejection by several functions, such as antibody production, antigen presenting, contribution in T cell activation, forming the germinal center, and tertiary lymphoid organs. Therefore, B cells modulation seems to be very crucial in transplant outcome. A double-edged sword function is considered for B cells during transplantation; On the one hand, antibody production against the transplanted organ induces antibody-mediated rejection. On the other hand, IL10 production by regulatory B (Breg) cells induces graft tolerance. Nowadays, several monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are available for B cell modulation that are routinely used in transplant recipients, among which rituximab (anti-CD20 mAb) act in eliminating B cells. However, there are some other monoclonal antibodies, such as epratuzumab and Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO), which exert anti-CD22 activity, resulting in disruption of B cell functions and induction of tolerance in autoimmune disease or B cell malignancies; that notwithstanding, these mAbs have not yet been tried in transplantation. In this review, we focus on different methods for modulating the activity of B cells as well as induction of Breg cells, aiming to prevent the allograft rejection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Graft Rejection/prevention & control ; Humans ; Transplantation Tolerance/drug effects ; Transplantation Tolerance/immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	424427-8
ISSN	1872-9142 ; 0161-5890
ISSN (online)	1872-9142
ISSN	0161-5890
DOI	10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.028
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Book ; Thesis: Validation of a molecular diagnostics for antibody-mediated rejection in human endomyocardial biopsies

Afzali, Bahman

2019

Institution	Universität Duisburg-Essen
Author's details	vorgelegt von Bahman Afzali
Language	English
Size	getrennte Zählung, Illustrationen
Publishing place	Duisburg ; Essen
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Dissertation, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 2020
Note	kumulativ
HBZ-ID	HT020667205
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: Transitional immature regulatory B cells and regulatory cytokines can discriminate chronic antibody-mediated rejection from stable graft function.

Salehi, Saeedeh / Shahi, Abbas / Afzali, Shima / Keshtkar, Abbas Ali / Farashi Bonab, Samad / Soleymanian, Tayebeh / Ansaripour, Bita / Amirzargar, Ali Akbar

International immunopharmacology

2020 Volume 86, Page(s) 106750

Abstract: ... Total lymphocytes, circulating B cells, memory and mature subsets of B cells did not show ...

Abstract	Background: The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of the immune system has been demonstrated to determine the fate of transplanted allografts. Here we analyzed CD19 Method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from stable subjects (n = 36), cAMR patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 18) were isolated. Flowcytometry was performed for CD19, CD24, and CD38 surface markers. ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR were performed for IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. Result: The percentages of immature TRB cells were significantly decrease in cAMR patients (0.98%) versus stable recipients (2.81%) and healthy subjects (4.03%) (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Total lymphocytes, circulating B cells, memory and mature subsets of B cells did not show any significant difference between the groups. TGF-β mRNA was 3-fold upregulated in the cAMR group compared to stable patients (P < 0.001.), but without significant alteration at the protein level. Also, long-term survival renal transplant recipients had a higher protein but not mRNA levels of IL-10 than short-term survival renal transplant recipients. Conclusion: It seems that immature TRB cell subpopulation might be a crucial regulator of immune system response and plays an important role in determining the transplantation outcome. Furthermore, immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines might act as a double sword and can exhibit either pathogenic or protective effects against allograft.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Graft Rejection/immunology ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; Immunophenotyping ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Isoantibodies/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Transplantation, Homologous
Chemical Substances	Isoantibodies ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043785-7
ISSN	1878-1705 ; 1567-5769
ISSN (online)	1878-1705
ISSN	1567-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106750
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Zs.A 5408: Show issues

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Article ; Online: MR Fingerprinting with b-Tensor Encoding for Simultaneous Quantification of Relaxation and Diffusion in a Single Scan.

Afzali, Maryam / Mueller, Lars / Sakaie, Ken / Hu, Siyuan / Chen, Yong / Szczepankiewicz, Filip / Griswold, Mark A / Jones, Derek K / Ma, Dan

Magnetic resonance in medicine

2022 Volume 88, Issue 5, Page(s) 2043–2057

Abstract: ... we aim to simultaneously quantify relaxation and diffusion using MR fingerprinting (MRF) and b-tensor ... with linear and spherical b-tensor encoding (LTE and STE) to simultaneously quantify T1, T2, and ADC maps ...

Abstract	Purpose: Although both relaxation and diffusion imaging are sensitive to tissue microstructure, studies have reported limited sensitivity and robustness of using relaxation or conventional diffusion alone to characterize tissue microstructure. Recently, it has been shown that tensor-valued diffusion encoding and joint relaxation-diffusion quantification enable more reliable quantification of compartment-specific microstructural properties. However, scan times to acquire such data can be prohibitive. Here, we aim to simultaneously quantify relaxation and diffusion using MR fingerprinting (MRF) and b-tensor encoding in a clinically feasible time. Methods: We developed multidimensional MRF scans (mdMRF) with linear and spherical b-tensor encoding (LTE and STE) to simultaneously quantify T1, T2, and ADC maps from a single scan. The image quality, accuracy, and scan efficiency were compared between the mdMRF using LTE and STE. Moreover, we investigated the robustness of different sequence designs to signal errors and their impact on the maps. Results: T1 and T2 maps derived from the mdMRF scans have consistently high image quality, while ADC maps are sensitive to different sequence designs. Notably, the fast imaging steady state precession (FISP)-based mdMRF scan with peripheral pulse gating provides the best ADC maps that are free of image distortion and shading artifacts. Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of quantifying T1, T2, and ADC maps simultaneously from a single mdMRF scan in around 24 s/slice. The map quality and quantitative values are consistent with the reference scans.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radionuclide Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605774-3
ISSN	1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
ISSN (online)	1522-2594
ISSN	0740-3194
DOI	10.1002/mrm.29352
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Article: Predictive value of number and volume of demyelinating plaques in treatment response in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with INF-B.

Azizian, Maryam / Ghasemi Darestani, Nadia / Aliabadi, Athena / Afzali, Mahdieh / Tavoosi, Nooshin / Fosouli, Mahnaz / Khataei, Jalil / Aali, Halimeh / Nourian, Sayed Mohammad Amin

American journal of neurodegenerative disease

2022 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–16

Abstract: ... as radiological criteria in determining the treatment response to INF-B in patients with MS.: Methods: This is ...

Abstract	Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are associated with disease clinical activity and response to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the future value of plaque number and volume in MRI as radiological criteria in determining the treatment response to INF-B in patients with MS. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed in 2016-2021 in Iran on patients with the newly diagnosed (less than one year) relapsing-remitting MS. Brain MRI was taken for all patients. The number and volumes of the MS plaques were evaluated from FLAIR images by the two radiologists. Patients were treated with INF-B1a with a dosage of 12 million units equal to 44 micrograms subcutaneously, three times per week. Patients were visited monthly by neurologists to examine their clinical status. After one year, the brain MRI was conducted with the similar characteristics to the beginning of the study, and the number and volume of MS plaques were measured again. Results: The study population consisted of 33 males and 90 females with a mean age of 28.37 ± 6.29 years. The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of the patients was 3.16 ± 0.23 at the beginning of the study. The specificity for a 50% reduction in the number and volume of plaques as two separate criteria was the same and equal to 100%. The sensitivity of the number and volume of plaques were 65.5% and 90.6%, respectively. In addition, considering 10% as the cut-off point of the number of plaques, the sensitivity of the number of plaques as a criterion was equal to the sensitivity of the plaque volume. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that imaging criteria provide a more objective tool for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. These findings indicate that the number and volume of plaques could be two reliable MRI imaging criteria for assessing therapy response. The number of plaques was less accurate than the volume of plaques.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695563-5
ISSN	2165-591X
ISSN	2165-591X
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Article ; Online: Alpha-pinene modulates inflammatory response and protects against brain ischemia via inducible nitric oxide synthase-nuclear factor-kappa B-cyclooxygenase-2 pathway.

Shabani, Mohammad / Erfani, Sohaila / Abdolmaleki, Arash / Afzali, Fatemeh Ephtekhar / Khoshnazar, Seyedeh Mahdieh

Molecular biology reports

2023 Volume 50, Issue 8, Page(s) 6505–6516

Abstract: ... COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and caspase-3 were assessed 24 h after reperfusion ... iNOS -NF-kappa B- COX-2 and caspase-3 inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. ...

Abstract	Backgrounds: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion leads to brain tissue injury. Inflammation and apoptosis play pivotal roles in the pathology. Objective: α-Pinene is an organic compound of many aromatic plants and is known as a potent agent to possess antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we sought to identify the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanism by which α-Pinene improves brain ischemia injury. Results: Male Wistar rats underwent MCAO surgery for 1 h and different doses of alpha-pinene (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected immediately after reperfusion to test this hypothesis. IV, NDS, gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclogenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and caspase-3 were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Results demonstrated that NF-κB p65, iNOS, and COX-2 gene and protein expression increased in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum after 24 h of reperfusion, and alpha-pinene significantly inhibited NF-kB p65, iNOS, and COX-2 expression. Also, alpha-pinene significantly reduced the ischemia/reperfusion-induced caspase-3 activation in CA1 area of hippocampus. Conclusion: Results showed that alpha-pinene protects the cerebral against ischemic damage caused by MCAO, and this effect may be through the regulating iNOS -NF-kappa B- COX-2 and caspase-3 inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Caspase 3/genetics ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism
Chemical Substances	NF-kappa B ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; alpha-pinene (JPF3YI7O34) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-023-08480-8
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Zs.A 1140: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Direction-averaged diffusion-weighted MRI signal using different axisymmetric B-tensor encoding schemes.

Afzali, Maryam / Aja-Fernández, Santiago / Jones, Derek K

Magnetic resonance in medicine

2020 Volume 84, Issue 3, Page(s) 1579–1591

Abstract: ... the direction-averaged diffusion-weighted MRI signal at high b-values ( : Methods: We considered the signal ... decay for high b-values for encoding geometries ranging from 2-dimensional PTE, through isotropic or ... results confirmed the predicted 1/b power law for PTE. Moreover, our analysis showed that using ...

Abstract	Purpose: It has been shown, theoretically and in vivo, that using the Stejskal-Tanner pulsed-gradient, or linear tensor encoding (LTE), and in tissue exhibiting a "stick-like" diffusion geometry, the direction-averaged diffusion-weighted MRI signal at high b-values ( Methods: We considered the signal decay for high b-values for encoding geometries ranging from 2-dimensional PTE, through isotropic or spherical tensor encoding to LTE. When a power-law behavior was suggested, this was tested using in silico simulations and, when appropriate, in vivo using ultra-strong (300 mT/m) gradients. Results: Our in vivo results confirmed the predicted 1/b power law for PTE. Moreover, our analysis showed that using an axisymmetric b-tensor a power-law only exists under very specific conditions: (a) "stick-like" tissue geometry and purely LTE or purely PTE waveforms; and (b) "pancake-like" tissue geometry and a purely LTE waveform. Conclusions: A complete analysis of the power-law dependencies of the diffusion-weighted signal at high b-values has been performed. Only three specific forms of encoding result in a power-law dependency, pure linear and pure PTE when the tissue geometry is "stick-like" and pure LTE when the tissue geometry is "pancake-like". The different exponents of these encodings could be used to provide independent validation of the presence of different tissue geometries in vivo.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605774-3
ISSN	1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
ISSN (online)	1522-2594
ISSN	0740-3194
DOI	10.1002/mrm.28191
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Article: Clinical and radiologic manifestation B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of central nervous system.

Afzali, Mahdieh / Etemadifar, Masoud / Ataei, Akram / Tavakoli, Hossein / Shafieyoun, Arezoo

American journal of clinical and experimental immunology

2020 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 28–40

Abstract: B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of central nervous system (CNS) put a heavy burden on different ... in which B-cells play an important role and affect CNS in a pattern of inflammation. These diseases have ... article, we had a survey on some different types of B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of CNS and ...

Abstract	B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of central nervous system (CNS) put a heavy burden on different aspects of society and economy. Taken together, there are different types of autoimmune diseases in which B-cells play an important role and affect CNS in a pattern of inflammation. These diseases have some similarities in clinical presentations and radiological findings and some similarities with other diseases in different aspects such as treatments with each disease having its own characteristics. In this review article, we had a survey on some different types of B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of CNS and explained how they can be distinguished from each other and how distinct they are according to radiological findings. The aim of this study is to distinguish B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of CNS from other non-B-cell diseases in order to choose the best anti-B-cell treatments. At the end of this article we briefly explain different types of treatments being utilized and the role of corticosteroids in acute phases of different diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695562-3
ISSN	2164-7712
ISSN	2164-7712
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Article ; Online: Immune Modulation as an Effective Adjunct Post-exposure Therapeutic for B. pseudomallei.

Wilson, William J / Afzali, Maryam F / Cummings, Jason E / Legare, Marie E / Tjalkens, Ronald B / Allen, Christopher P / Slayden, Richard A / Hanneman, William H

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2016 Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) e0005065

Abstract: ... 264.7 cells infected with B pseudomallei to analyze the effect of TA on cell survival, PGE2 production ...

Abstract	Melioidosis is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei and is potentially fatal. Despite a growing global burden and high fatality rate, little is known about the disease. Recent studies demonstrate that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition is an effective post-exposure therapeutic for pulmonary melioidosis, which works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This treatment, while effective, was conducted using an experimental COX-2 inhibitor that is not approved for human or animal use. Therefore, an alternative COX-2 inhibitor needs to be identified for further studies. Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) COX-2 inhibitor marketed outside of the United States for the treatment of migraines. While this drug was developed for COX-2 inhibition, it has been found to modulate other aspects of inflammation as well. In this study, we used RAW 264.7 cells infected with B pseudomallei to analyze the effect of TA on cell survival, PGE2 production and regulation of COX-2 and nuclear factor- kappaB (NF-ĸB) protein expression. To evaluate the effectiveness of post-exposure treatment with TA, results were compared to Ceftazidime (CZ) treatments alone and the co-treatment of TA with a sub-therapeutic treatment of CZ determined in a study of BALB/c mice. Results revealed an increase in cell viability in vitro with TA and were able to reduce both COX-2 expression and PGE2 production while also decreasing NF-ĸB activation during infection. Co-treatment of orally administered TA and a sub-therapeutic treatment of CZ significantly increased survival outcome and cleared the bacterial load within organ tissue. Additionally, we demonstrated that post-exposure TA treatment with sub-therapeutic CZ is effective to treat melioidosis in BALB/c mice.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Burkholderia pseudomallei/immunology ; Burkholderia pseudomallei/physiology ; Ceftazidime/administration & dosage ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Melioidosis/drug therapy ; Melioidosis/immunology ; Melioidosis/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; ortho-Aminobenzoates/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; ortho-Aminobenzoates ; tolfenamic acid (3G943U18KM) ; Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR) ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0005065
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