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Article ; Online: Reshaping dental practice in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: Leapfrogging to Dentronics.

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Amarasinghe, Hemantha / Johnson, Newell W

2021 Volume 28 Suppl 2, Page(s) 2556–2558

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Dentistry ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Practice Management, Dental
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-27
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1290529-x
ISSN	1601-0825 ; 1354-523X
ISSN (online)	1601-0825
ISSN	1354-523X
DOI	10.1111/odi.14043
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy.

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Perera, Hasini / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Manatunge, Jagath

Environmental research

2020 Volume 188, Page(s) 109819

Abstract: The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden ... ...

Abstract	The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understood. This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of virus-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. The case studies that have come out in different countries have, with prima facie evidence, manifested that the airborne transmission plays a profound role in contracting susceptible hosts. The infection propensities in confined spaces (airplane, passenger car, and healthcare center) by the transmission of droplets and aerosols under varying ventilation conditions were discussed. Interestingly, the nosocomial transmission by airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden aerosols in healthcare facilities may be plausible. Hence, clearly defined, science-based administrative, clinical, and physical measures are of paramount importance to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic from the world.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819
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Article: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Perera, Hasini / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Manatunge, Jagath

Environmental research. 2020 Sept., v. 188

2020

Abstract	The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understood. This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of virus-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. The case studies that have come out in different countries have, with prima facie evidence, manifested that the airborne transmission plays a profound role in contracting susceptible hosts. The infection propensities in confined spaces (airplane, passenger car, and healthcare center) by the transmission of droplets and aerosols under varying ventilation conditions were discussed.Interestingly, the nosocomial transmission by airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden aerosols in healthcare facilities may be plausible. Hence, clearly defined, science-based administrative, clinical, and physical measures are of paramount importance to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic from the world.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; aerosols ; airborne transmission ; automobiles ; cross infection ; droplets ; health services ; research
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819
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Article ; Online: Grappling with COVID-19 by imposing and lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions in Sri Lanka: A modeling perspective.

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Dannangoda, Chamath / Dilshan, Dilum / Dissanayake, Janith / Perera, Hasini / Manatunge, Jagath / Gunawardana, Buddhika

Infectious Disease Modelling

2021 Volume 6, Page(s) 820–831

Abstract: The imposition and lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to avert the COVID-19 pandemic have gained popularity worldwide and will continue to be enforced until herd immunity is achieved. We developed a linear regression model to ascertain ... ...

Abstract	The imposition and lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to avert the COVID-19 pandemic have gained popularity worldwide and will continue to be enforced until herd immunity is achieved. We developed a linear regression model to ascertain the nexus between the time-varying reproduction number averaged over a time window of six days (R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3015225-2
ISSN	2468-0427 ; 2468-2152
ISSN (online)	2468-0427
ISSN	2468-2152
DOI	10.1016/j.idm.2021.06.004
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Article ; Online: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Perera, Hasini / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Manatunge, Jagath

Environmental Research

A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy

2020 Volume 188, Page(s) 109819

Keywords	Biochemistry ; General Environmental Science ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Reconfigurable co-processor architecture with limited numerical precision to accelerate deep convolutional neural networks

Wijeratne, Sasindu / Jayaweera, Sandaruwan / Dananjaya, Mahesh / Pasqual, Ajith

2021

Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used in deep learning applications, e.g. visual systems, robotics etc. However, existing software solutions are not efficient. Therefore, many hardware accelerators have been proposed optimizing performance, ...

Abstract	Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used in deep learning applications, e.g. visual systems, robotics etc. However, existing software solutions are not efficient. Therefore, many hardware accelerators have been proposed optimizing performance, power and resource utilization of the implementation. Amongst existing solutions, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based architecture provides better cost-energy-performance trade-offs as well as scalability and minimizing development time. In this paper, we present a model-independent reconfigurable co-processing architecture to accelerate CNNs. Our architecture consists of parallel Multiply and Accumulate (MAC) units with caching techniques and interconnection networks to exploit maximum data parallelism. In contrast to existing solutions, we introduce limited precision 32 bit Q-format fixed point quantization for arithmetic representations and operations. As a result, our architecture achieved significant reduction in resource utilization with competitive accuracy. Furthermore, we developed an assembly-type microinstructions to access the co-processing fabric to manage layer-wise parallelism, thereby making re-use of limited resources. Finally, we have tested our architecture up to 9x9 kernel size on Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA, achieving a throughput of up to 226.2 GOp/S for 3x3 kernel size.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ; Computer Science - Distributed ; Parallel ; and Cluster Computing
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2021-08-21
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Perera, Hasini / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Manatunge, Jagath

Environ Res

Abstract	The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understood. This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of virus-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. The case studies that have come out in different countries have, with prima facie evidence, manifested that the airborne transmission plays a profound role in contracting susceptible hosts. The infection propensities in confined spaces (airplane, passenger car, and healthcare center) by the transmission of droplets and aerosols under varying ventilation conditions were discussed. Interestingly, the nosocomial transmission by airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden aerosols in healthcare facilities may be plausible. Hence, clearly defined, science-based administrative, clinical, and physical measures are of paramount importance to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic from the world.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #597359
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Glyphosate and AMPA of agricultural soil, surface water, groundwater and sediments in areas prevalent with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology, Sri Lanka.

Gunarathna, Shankani / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Jayaweera, Mahesh / Manatunge, Jagath / Zoysa, Kasun

Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes

2018 Volume 53, Issue 11, Page(s) 729–737

Abstract: Glyphosate, which is commercially available as Roundup®, was the widely used herbicide in Sri Lanka until 2015 and is suspected to be one of the causal factors for Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). This research, therefore, aims at ... ...

Abstract	Glyphosate, which is commercially available as Roundup®, was the widely used herbicide in Sri Lanka until 2015 and is suspected to be one of the causal factors for Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). This research, therefore, aims at studying the presence of glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in different environmental matrices in CKDu prevalent areas. Topsoil samples from agricultural fields, water samples from nearby shallow wells and lakes, and sediment samples from lakes were collected and analyzed for glyphosate and AMPA using the LC/MS. Glyphosate (270-690 µg/kg) and AMPA (2-8 µg/kg) were detected in all soil samples. Amorphous iron oxides and organic matter content of topsoil showed a strong and a moderate positive linear relationship with glyphosate. The glyphosate and inorganic phosphate levels in topsoil had a strong negative significant linear relationship. Presence of high valence cations such as Fe
MeSH term(s)	Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives ; Glycine/analysis ; Groundwater/analysis ; Herbicides/analysis ; Humans ; Lakes/analysis ; Organophosphorus Compounds/analysis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Wells ; Glyphosate
Chemical Substances	Herbicides ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Soil Pollutants ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; 1-aminomethylphosphonic acid (1066-51-9) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197072-0
ISSN	1532-4109 ; 0360-1234
ISSN (online)	1532-4109
ISSN	0360-1234
DOI	10.1080/03601234.2018.1480157
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Article: Urban Watercourses in Peril: Implications of Phthalic Acid Esters on Aquatic Ecosystems Caused by Urban Sprawl

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Bandara, Nilanthi / Danushika, Gimhani / Dissanayake, Janith / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Manatunge, Jagath / Zoysa, Kasun

Water. 2019 Mar. 13, v. 11, no. 3

2019

Abstract: Urban sprawl worldwide warrants the use of large quantities of industrial and household products containing phthalic acid esters (PAEs) resulting in adverse impacts on the quality of aquatic life in urban watercourses. The presence of six PAEs (dimethyl ... ...

Abstract	Urban sprawl worldwide warrants the use of large quantities of industrial and household products containing phthalic acid esters (PAEs) resulting in adverse impacts on the quality of aquatic life in urban watercourses. The presence of six PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DnOP)) in 22 shallow urban watercourses in Colombo and suburbs of Sri Lanka was investigated. The average concentrations of DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP in all watercourses varied between 2.5–265.0, 1.0–32.0, 61–108, and 12–165 μg/L, respectively. DMP and DnOP were below the limits of quantification (DMP-0.5 μg/L, DnOP-1.0 μg/L) for all watercourses. DEHP was the most abundant PAE in many watercourses. The significant factors affecting the ubiquitous presence of PAEs in watercourses are the inherent properties of each PAE, presence of industrial and household products with great potential for the migration of PAEs in the sub-catchments, and quality of the receiving water. The contamination levels of PAEs in most of the watercourses are alarmingly high, as evidenced by higher concentrations of DEHP and DBP than those of Canadian permissible levels for the protection of aquatic life (16 and 19 μg/L). This study was the first effort in Sri Lanka to investigate the presence of PAEs in urban watercourses.
Keywords	aquatic ecosystems ; aquatic organisms ; diethyl phthalate ; dimethyl phthalate ; household products ; suburban areas ; subwatersheds ; urbanization ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0313
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w11030519
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Use of CaO Loaded Mesoporous Alumina for Defluoridation of Potable Groundwater Containing Elevated Calcium Levels

Jayaweera, Mahesh / Gunawardana, Buddhika / Manatunge, Jagath / Peiris, Achini / Sudasinghe, Madhusha

Environments. 2019 June 09, v. 6, no. 6

2019

Abstract: Defluoridation in the presence of high calcium levels in potable groundwater is paramount, as the consumption of groundwater enriched with fluoride, and calcium has been implicated in causing chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. ...

Abstract	Defluoridation in the presence of high calcium levels in potable groundwater is paramount, as the consumption of groundwater enriched with fluoride, and calcium has been implicated in causing chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. CaO loaded mesoporous alumina (COMA) offers a great potential for defluoridation of potable water, but the effectiveness of COMA in the presence of calcium has not been investigated. This study, therefore, focuses on the investigation of the suitability of COMA for the defluoridation of potable water with high calcium levels. Mesoporous alumina was successfully functionalized with CaO to synthesize nano-level COMA with an optimum dosage for defluoridation being 2 g L−1. The amount of fluoride adsorbed increased (2.4–19.5 mg g−1) with the increase of the initial fluoride concentration (5–40 mg L−1), and the residual fluoride levels (0.8–1.47 mg L−1) were within the range specified by the WHO for drinking water. The amount of fluoride adsorbed by COMA varied between 6.50 and 7.97 mg g−1 with initial calcium levels between 0 and 1500 mg L−1, indicating that defluoridation was effective in the presence of high calcium levels. The fluoride adsorption was best fitted with the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer capacity of COMA being 17.83 mg g−1, and adsorption kinetics fitted with the pseudo-2nd order model indicating strong covalent bonding by way of chemisorption. Thus, COMA can be effectively utilized as an adsorbent material in defluoridation efforts in areas prevalent with CKDu in the presence of high fluoride (15 mg L−1) and calcium (1500 mg L−1) levels.
Keywords	adsorbents ; adsorption ; aluminum oxide ; calcium ; calcium oxide ; chemical bonding ; defluoridation ; drinking water ; etiology ; fluorides ; groundwater ; kidney diseases ; models ; porous media ; sorption isotherms ; World Health Organization ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0609
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2777960-9
ISSN	2076-3298
ISSN	2076-3298
DOI	10.3390/environments6060066
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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