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Article ; Online: Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating: Exploratory Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency.

Fereidooni, Fatemeh / Daniels, Judith K / Lommen, Miriam J J

2024 , Page(s) 10778012241243048

Abstract: Risky sex behavior is common among online dating users. Understanding the motives behind risky sex behavior might help identify suitable targets for prevention. We developed the Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating (SSOD) to assess sex ... ...

Abstract	Risky sex behavior is common among online dating users. Understanding the motives behind risky sex behavior might help identify suitable targets for prevention. We developed the Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating (SSOD) to assess sex motives for casual sex in online dating users. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the SSOD and examined the relationship between sex motives indexed by the SSOD and risky sex behavior. The new scale showed high internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution. Sex motives were related to a higher frequency of having sex on the first date.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2031375-5
ISSN	1552-8448 ; 1077-8012
ISSN (online)	1552-8448
ISSN	1077-8012
DOI	10.1177/10778012241243048
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Childhood Maltreatment and Revictimization: A Systematic Literature Review.

Fereidooni, Fatemeh / Daniels, Judith K / Lommen, Miriam J J

Trauma, violence & abuse

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 291–305

Abstract: There is established evidence that childhood/adolescent victimization is associated with victimization in adulthood although the underlying mechanisms are not still clear. The current study aimed to systematically review empirical studies examining ... ...

Abstract	There is established evidence that childhood/adolescent victimization is associated with victimization in adulthood although the underlying mechanisms are not still clear. The current study aimed to systematically review empirical studies examining potential psychological factors linking childhood maltreatment to victimization in adulthood and the gaps in the literature. Following PRISMA protocol, 71 original studies consisting of a total sample of
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Sexual Behavior ; Child Abuse/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2070884-1
ISSN	1552-8324 ; 1524-8380
ISSN (online)	1552-8324
ISSN	1524-8380
DOI	10.1177/15248380221150475
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Article ; Online: Extinction learning as pretrauma vulnerability factor of posttraumatic stress: a replication study.

Lommen, Miriam J J / Boddez, Yannick

European journal of psychotraumatology

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2051334

Abstract: Background: Learning tasks have been used to predict why some, and not others, develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a traumatic event. There is some evidence from prospective studies in high risk profession samples that reduced ...

Abstract	Background: Learning tasks have been used to predict why some, and not others, develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a traumatic event. There is some evidence from prospective studies in high risk profession samples that reduced extinction learning might represent a marker or even a vulnerability factor for PTSD development. Objective: Since the evidence is scarce, the aim of this study was to perform a conceptual replication of an earlier prospective study, testing whether pretrauma extinction learning predicts later PTSD symptom severity. Method: A sample of 529 fire fighters performed a conditioning task at baseline and filled out questionnaires to assess PTSD symptom severity and neuroticism. At six and 12 months follow-up, exposure to stressful events and PTSD symptom severity were measured. Results: Results indicate that previous findings were not replicated: although reduced extinction learning was associated with higher PTSD symptom severity at baseline, extinction learning did not predict PTSD symptom severity at follow-up. Only PTSD symptom severity at baseline and stressor severity predicted PTSD symptom severity at follow-up. Conclusions: Since earlier findings on the predictive value of pre-trauma extinction learning on PTSD symptom severity were not replicated, extinction learning might not be a general risk factor PTSD for all individuals. More prospective studies including multiple factors seem needed to unravel the complex relationships of these factors influencing PTSD development. Highlights: Reduced extinction learning correlated with higher PTSD symptom severity at baseline.Reduced extinction learning did not predict PTSD symptom severity at follow-up.The predictive effect of pre-trauma extinction learning on PTSD was not replicated.
MeSH term(s)	Extinction, Psychological ; Humans ; Learning ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2586642-4
ISSN	2000-8066 ; 2000-8066
ISSN (online)	2000-8066
ISSN	2000-8066
DOI	10.1080/20008198.2022.2051334
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Article ; Online: Fear generalization predicts post-traumatic stress symptoms: A two-year follow-up study in Dutch fire fighters.

Lommen, Miriam J J / Hoekstra, Steven / van den Brink, Rob H S / Lenaert, Bert

Journal of anxiety disorders

2024 Volume 103, Page(s) 102855

Abstract: Introduction: Excessive fear generalization has been associated with pathological anxiety, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, studies investigating the longitudinal relationship between generalization and the development of anxiety ...

Abstract	Introduction: Excessive fear generalization has been associated with pathological anxiety, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, studies investigating the longitudinal relationship between generalization and the development of anxiety symptomatology are scarce. This study aims to test the predictive value of fear generalization for PTSD symptoms in a high-risk profession sample and to explore the relationship between generalization and neuroticism, which are both linked to PTSD. Method: Longitudinal data from a multi-wave study in 529 Dutch fire-fighters were used. Fear generalization, PTSD symptoms and neuroticism were assessed at baseline. PTSD symptoms were reevaluated at six, 12, 18, and 24 months. Generalization was assessed in a differential conditioning paradigm by measuring expectancies of an aversive outcome when presented with stimuli similar to previously conditioned stimuli. Results: Higher expectancy ratings towards stimuli most similar to safety signals predicted PTSD symptoms at follow-up after controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms, whereas higher expectancy ratings towards stimuli most similar to danger signals was associated with neuroticism. Neuroticism weakened the predictive power of fear generalization when considered simultaneously. Discussion: These findings suggest that heightened fear generalization is associated with the development of anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Targeting problematic fear generalization may be a promising intervention approach.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Conditioning, Classical ; Firefighters ; Fear
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	619417-5
ISSN	1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
ISSN (online)	1873-7897
ISSN	0887-6185
DOI	10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102855
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Article ; Online: Deleting "fear" from "fear extinction": Estimating the individual extinction rate via non-aversive conditioning.

Spix, Michelle / Lommen, Miriam J J / Boddez, Yannick

Behaviour research and therapy

2021 Volume 142, Page(s) 103869

Abstract: Individual differences in extinction learning have attracted ample attention of researchers and are under investigation as a marker for the onset of anxiety disorders and treatment response. Unfortunately, the common paradigm for obtaining the extinction ...

Abstract	Individual differences in extinction learning have attracted ample attention of researchers and are under investigation as a marker for the onset of anxiety disorders and treatment response. Unfortunately, the common paradigm for obtaining the extinction rate, which entails aversive stimulus pairings, is subject to practical limitations. Therefore, the present study assessed whether the use of an aversive stimulus is actually needed to get a good estimate of the extinction rate. A total of 161 undergraduate students completed a conditioning task with both an aversive and a non-aversive stimulus. Using latent class growth analysis (LCGA), distinct trajectories, representing normal and stunted extinction learning, were identified for both these stimulus types. Participants' membership in these classes largely overlapped for aversive and non-aversive stimulus pairings and respective extinction indices were significantly correlated. Thereby, findings suggest that the use of a non-aversive stimulus could suffice for successfully capturing individual differences in extinction learning. However, future studies are needed to confirm that conditioning with a non-aversive stimulus may serve to predict clinically relevant outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders ; Attention ; Conditioning, Classical ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	211997-3
ISSN	1873-622X ; 0005-7967
ISSN (online)	1873-622X
ISSN	0005-7967
DOI	10.1016/j.brat.2021.103869
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Article: The role of guilt in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Bub, Konstantin / Lommen, Miriam J J

European journal of psychotraumatology

2017 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 1407202

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2586642-4
ISSN	2000-8066 ; 2000-8066 ; 2000-8198
ISSN (online)	2000-8066
ISSN	2000-8066 ; 2000-8198
DOI	10.1080/20008198.2017.1407202
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Article: Psychometric properties of the Dutch revised sense of coherence scale in a firefighter sample.

Egberink, Iris J L / Harms, Tim / Lommen, Miriam J J

European journal of psychotraumatology

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 1759984

Abstract: Background: Sense of coherence (SOC) has been associated with resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and seems to be a promising factor in primary prevention of PTSD in high risk populations.: Objective: The present study evaluated the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sense of coherence (SOC) has been associated with resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and seems to be a promising factor in primary prevention of PTSD in high risk populations. Objective: The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Dutch revised Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-R) in a sample of Method: To investigate the internal structure of this 13-item scale, a Mokken scale analysis and an exploratory factor analysis were conducted (i.e. parallel analysis based on MRFA). Results: The combined results of these analyses suggested that a one-factor solution with 10 out of 13 items was most compelling for our firefighter sample. Reliability estimates for the 10-item version increased compared to the 13-item version (13-item: α = .82, λ Conclusions: The one-factor solution of the Dutch SOC-R with 10 items (excluding item 2, item 3, and item 6) is most convincing. The use of this scale might be specifically interesting regarding its potential to primary prevention of trauma-related psychopathology in high-risk samples.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2586642-4
ISSN	2000-8066
ISSN	2000-8066
DOI	10.1080/20008198.2020.1759984
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Article ; Online: Treating specific phobia in youth: A randomized controlled microtrial comparing gradual exposure in large steps to exposure in small steps.

Jong, Rachel de / Hofs, Annemieke / Lommen, Miriam J J / van Hout, Wiljo J P J / Jong, Peter J De / Nauta, Maaike H

Journal of anxiety disorders

2023 Volume 96, Page(s) 102712

Abstract: Introduction: Exposure may be especially effective when within exercises, there is a strong violation of threat expectancies and much opportunity for fear reduction. Outcomes of exposure may therefore improve when exposure is conducted in large steps ( ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Exposure may be especially effective when within exercises, there is a strong violation of threat expectancies and much opportunity for fear reduction. Outcomes of exposure may therefore improve when exposure is conducted in large steps (LargeSE) relative to small steps (SmallSE). Methods: Children and young people with a specific phobia (SP) (N = 50, age 8-17, 64 % girls) participated in a preregistered single-blind, randomized controlled microtrial comparing LargeSE and SmallSE in a four-week baseline-treatment design. Clinical interviews, behavioral avoidance tests, and self-report measures were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at one-month follow-up. Results: Within exercises, LargeSE resulted in higher initial fear levels and more within-session expectancy violation. Nevertheless, SmallSE resulted in a larger decline of SP severity from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up, and a larger decline of anxiety and avoidance towards one's individual goal from baseline to follow-up. There were no differences between LargeSE and SmallSE regarding changes in general self-efficacy or behavioral avoidance. Although session duration was standardized and similar for both conditions, participants in SmallSE received more (shorter) exercises. Discussion: SmallSE might be more effective in reducing SP severity because children in SmallSE were exposed to a larger number and variety of exercises than children in LargeSE.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Fear ; Phobic Disorders/drug therapy ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	619417-5
ISSN	1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
ISSN (online)	1873-7897
ISSN	0887-6185
DOI	10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102712
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Article ; Online: Avoidance learning as predictor of posttraumatic stress in firefighters.

de Haart, Rick / Mouthaan, Joanne / Vervliet, Bram / Lommen, Miriam J J

Behavioural brain research

2021 Volume 402, Page(s) 113064

Abstract: Background: Avoidance is a well-established maintenance factor in anxiety-related psychopathology. Individuals prone to anxiety show more maladaptive avoidance responses in conditioning paradigms aimed at avoidance learning, which indicates impairments ... ...

Abstract	Background: Avoidance is a well-established maintenance factor in anxiety-related psychopathology. Individuals prone to anxiety show more maladaptive avoidance responses in conditioning paradigms aimed at avoidance learning, which indicates impairments in safety learning. To what extent avoidance learning is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is still unclear, despite the logical relevance to the symptomatology. In this prospective study, we investigate avoidance learning responses in first responders, a population at high risk for traumatic exposure and thus PTSD development, and studied whether avoidance learning was associated with concurrent and future PTSD symptoms. Method: Firefighters (N = 502) performed an avoidance learning task at baseline assessment in which they first learned that two conditioned stimuli (CS+) were followed by an aversive stimulus (US) and one conditioned stimulus (CS-) was not. After that, they could learn to which CS avoidance of the US was effective, ineffective or unnecessary. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline, and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Results: Participants exhibited comparable avoidance patterns to low anxiety individuals from previous studies. Avoidance learning responses were not associated with PTSD symptoms at baseline nor at follow-up. Discussion: Our study found no evidence that avoidance learning was related to PTSD symptom severity in a high-risk, yet low symptomatic population, nor did it predict the development of PTSD symptoms at a later point in time. Future research should focus on studying avoidance learning in a clinical or high symptomatic sample to further clarify the role of avoidance learning in PTSD development.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Firefighters ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Stress/physiopathology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	449927-x
ISSN	1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
ISSN (online)	1872-7549
ISSN	0166-4328
DOI	10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113064
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of exposure-based treatment for childhood anxiety disorders: An open clinical trial to test its relation with indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning.

de Jong, Rachel / Lommen, Miriam J J / de Jong, Peter J / van Hout, Wiljo J P J / Duin-van der Marel, Adina C E / Nauta, Maaike H

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry

2024 Volume 83, Page(s) 101942

Abstract: Background and objectives: The current study examined how effectiveness of exposure-based CBT was related to indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning during exposure exercises.: Methods: Adolescents with anxiety disorder(s) (N = 72; ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: The current study examined how effectiveness of exposure-based CBT was related to indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning during exposure exercises. Methods: Adolescents with anxiety disorder(s) (N = 72; age 11-19; 85% girls) received a group-based, intensive two-week treatment of which effectiveness was indexed by the SCARED and by ratings of anxiety and approach towards individualized goal situations. To index emotional processing, subjective units of distress (SUDs) were used to indicate both initial and final fear level, and absolute, relative, and total dose of fear reduction. To index inhibitory learning, subjective threat expectancies (STEs) were used to indicate initial and final threat expectancy, and absolute, relative, and total dose of expectancy change. Results: From pre-treatment to follow-up, there was a large-sized reduction of anxiety symptoms, small-sized decrease of subjective anxiety and a large-sized increase in subjective approach towards individual treatment goals. Higher fear levels prior to exposure were related to a larger decrease of symptoms. Higher threat expectancies after exposure exercises were independently associated with less decrease of anxiety and increase of approach towards treatment goals. Total dose of experienced fear reduction and total dose of experienced expectancy change were (partly) independently related to more increase in approach towards individualized goal situations. Limitations: As patients also received other treatment elements, the results cannot be interpreted unequivocally. Conclusions: The pattern of findings seems to indicate that emotional processing (as indexed by fear reduction) and inhibitory learning (as indexed by expectancy change) are both relevant in exposure-based CBT.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Male ; Emotions ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Fear/psychology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280250-8
ISSN	1873-7943 ; 0005-7916
ISSN (online)	1873-7943
ISSN	0005-7916
DOI	10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101942
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