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  1. Article ; Online: Sarcomatoid variant of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma: A rare case report in an adult female.

    Jagdale, Rakhi V / Jain, Supriya / Pol, Jaydeep N / Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

    2024  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 178–181

    Abstract: Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (XPTRCC) is a very rare kidney neoplasm, which has been predominantly reported in young patients. Sarcomatoid transformation in renal cell carcinomas is known. However, its occurrence in XPTRCC is unreported so far ...

    Abstract Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (XPTRCC) is a very rare kidney neoplasm, which has been predominantly reported in young patients. Sarcomatoid transformation in renal cell carcinomas is known. However, its occurrence in XPTRCC is unreported so far in the literature. We report a unique case of sarcomatoid transformation in a XPTRCC in a 23-year-old female, who presented with a huge right-sided renal mass and had metastatic deposits in lungs. Morphologically, clear cell morphology with papillary architecture along with foci of sarcomatoid transformation and rhabdoid differentiation were noted. Immunohistochemistry showed Pax-8 and TFE-3 expression in all components including the sarcomatous areas, whereas CK and EMA were expressed in conventional clear cell component. We present an extremely rare case of sarcomatous transformation in XPTRCC and discuss the case as determined by histopathology and immunocytochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sarcomatoid transformation XPTRCC being reported in the world literature.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics ; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Kidney/pathology ; Sarcoma ; Cell Differentiation ; Translocation, Genetic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country India
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 197621-7
    ISSN 0974-5130 ; 0377-4929
    ISSN (online) 0974-5130
    ISSN 0377-4929
    DOI 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1159_21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Cytoreductive Surgery in the Management of Renal Tumours: Rationale, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of surgical oncology

    2016  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–38

    Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 3% of adult solid malignant tumours. Approximately 25% of the patients present with metastatic disease at presentation. In the era of immunotherapy (interferon alpha-2b and interleukin-2), studies showed significant ... ...

    Abstract Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 3% of adult solid malignant tumours. Approximately 25% of the patients present with metastatic disease at presentation. In the era of immunotherapy (interferon alpha-2b and interleukin-2), studies showed significant survival benefit with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CRN) followed by interferon alpha-2b than interferon alpha 2-b alone. Introduction of targeted therapies (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors) in 2005 generated a great interest in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) as these drugs exhibited tumour shrinkage in the primary tumour as well as in the metastatic site/s. Though there is no level 1 evidence, many studies have shown the usefulness of cytoreductive nephrectomy along with targeted therapy as against to targeted therapy alone. This review is aimed at the rationale behind the cytoreductive nephrectomy in mRCC, the current evidence and what is in store for the future. A detailed search on the management of mRCC was carried out on MEDLINE, Embase, CANCERLIT and Cochrane Library databases using the key words "cytoreductive nephrectomy", "immunotherapy" and "targeted therapy" since 1980 till 2015. Original articles, review articles, monograms, book chapters on metastatic renal cancer and textbooks on urologic oncology, oncology and urology were reviewed. Various international guidelines on this issue were also studied. An identical search was performed using the American Society of Clinical Oncology Abstract database. Trials in the progress or recently completed that were relevant to this paper were identified through clinicaltrials.gov. The latest information for new articles ahead of publication was last accessed in November 2015. CRN has remained an integral part to the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma mainly for the patients with good performance status, life expectancy of more than 12 months and in the absence of adverse prognostic factors. It had shown measurable survival benefit in the era of immunotherapy (CRN + immunotherapy vs. immunotherapy alone). In the era of targeted therapy, many studies have shown significant survival benefit with CRN + targeted therapy. However, there is no clear level 1 evidence to support this. The ongoing trials (CARMENA and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer SURTIME) would perhaps guide us in the way in which we should manage mRCC disease in the future. Maybe we may find some answers on the issues of the effectiveness of targeted therapy, the timing of CRN and sequencing these treatment arms once the results of these ongoing and future trials are through.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-08
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2568289-1
    ISSN 0976-6952 ; 0975-7651
    ISSN (online) 0976-6952
    ISSN 0975-7651
    DOI 10.1007/s13193-016-0592-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Rationale for an early detection program for bladder cancer.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2011  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 218–225

    Abstract: Introduction: A total of 356,557 new cases were diagnosed annually worldwide in 2009, it was estimated that 52,810 new patients were to be diagnosed with bladder cancer and there were 10,180 projected deaths from the disease in the USA. Despite being ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: A total of 356,557 new cases were diagnosed annually worldwide in 2009, it was estimated that 52,810 new patients were to be diagnosed with bladder cancer and there were 10,180 projected deaths from the disease in the USA. Despite being the fourth commonest cancer in men, we do not have an early detection/screening program for bladder cancer. The review was aimed at looking at the evidence for the rationale for an early detection program for bladder cancer.
    Materials and methods: A detailed search on bladder cancer epidemiology, diagnosis, pathology, tumor markers, treatment outcomes, screening, morbidity and mortality of bladder cancer was carried out on Pubmed central/Medline. Original articles, review articles, monograms, book chapters on bladder cancer, text books on urological oncology, oncology and urology were reviewed. The latest information for new articles before publication was last accessed in June 2010.
    Discussion and conclusions: Bladder cancer is the fourth commonest cancer in men, the annual death rate from this disease is significant and every year there is an increase in its incidence globally. The prognosis of bladder cancer is stage and grade dependent; the lower the stage (T2 or less) the better is the survival. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment does alter the overall outcome. Therefore, there is a clear need for early detection of bladder cancer and screening program. Although we do not have an ideal marker for bladder cancer, it is time we maximize the potential of markers such as UroVysion, NMP22 along with cytology to start such a program. May be as a first step the early detection and screening program could be started in high-risk population. It is not worth waiting till we find the best marker as it would be unfair to our patients. The fear of unnecessary tests and treatment in bladder cancer after its detection in screening program is without any substance. The cost-effectiveness of such a program is certainly comparable to that is used for colon or breast and for prostate as well.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-08-04
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    DOI 10.4103/0970-1591.82841
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Neoadjuvant androgen suppression in patients treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2009  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 83

    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07-16
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Is incidence of prostate cancer higher in patients with end stage renal disease?

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2009  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 82

    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07-16
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Prostate cancer treatment does not increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2009  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–84

    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07-16
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Management of urological cancers during pregnancy.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Nature reviews. Urology

    2010  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 195–205

    Abstract: Urological cancers during pregnancy pose many challenges for clinicians. As these tumors are very rare among pregnant women and their symptoms might mimic those of common pregnancy-related disorders, the diagnosis is often delayed. Once a urological ... ...

    Abstract Urological cancers during pregnancy pose many challenges for clinicians. As these tumors are very rare among pregnant women and their symptoms might mimic those of common pregnancy-related disorders, the diagnosis is often delayed. Once a urological tumor is diagnosed in a pregnant patient, appropriate steps should be taken to treat her and the fetus at the same time. A delay in treatment can risk the mother's life whereas an early treatment can risk the life of the fetus. Common urological cancers that might occur during pregnancy include renal cancer, bladder cancer and adrenal tumors, particularly pheochromocytoma. Ultrasonography and MRI, which use no ionizing radiation, are considered to be safe during pregnancy. Surgical intervention is safest if performed during the second trimester. The treatment outcomes of these cancers in pregnant women are no different from those in the general population. Early suspicion and timely intervention are crucial for successful treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Management ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/surgery ; Urologic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Urologic Neoplasms/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2493737-X
    ISSN 1759-4820 ; 1759-4812
    ISSN (online) 1759-4820
    ISSN 1759-4812
    DOI 10.1038/nrurol.2010.25
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Treatment algorithm in hormone-resistant prostate cancer: Practical guidelines.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2009  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–69

    Abstract: Treatment of hormone-resistant prostate cancer can be a challenging situation. The first important step in treating this condition is to assess if one has achieved the castrate level or not. If the castrate levels are not achieved, attempt should be made ...

    Abstract Treatment of hormone-resistant prostate cancer can be a challenging situation. The first important step in treating this condition is to assess if one has achieved the castrate level or not. If the castrate levels are not achieved, attempt should be made to achieve so. If the castrate level is achieved, then androgen withdrawals may be of help. Supportive care, care of the clinical problems forms an integral part of the treatment. Cancer-specific chemotherapy is certainly an option in progressive disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07-16
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    DOI 10.4103/0970-1591.30271
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Treatment of locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer.

    Khochikar, Makarand V

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2009  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 84–94

    Abstract: Background: There is a significant variation in the treatment strategies adopted for the treatment of locally advanced T3b, T4a, N1-3 and metastatic bladder cancer. There is increasing evidence that we would be able to offer them some benefit in terms ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is a significant variation in the treatment strategies adopted for the treatment of locally advanced T3b, T4a, N1-3 and metastatic bladder cancer. There is increasing evidence that we would be able to offer them some benefit in terms of disease-free survival and improving the quality of life. This article is aimed at reviewing the current literature on the treatment strategies in locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer.
    Materials and methods: Extensive literature search was done on Medline/Pubmed from 1980-2007 using the key words - treatment of locally advanced, metastatic bladder cancer. Standard textbooks on urology, urologic oncology and monograms were reviewed. Guidelines such as National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, European Urology Association guidelines and American Urology Association guidelines were also studied.
    Results and conclusions: There is a place for radical cystectomy in locally advanced T3b-T4 and N1-3 bladder cancer. Radical cystectomy alone rarely cures this subgroup of patients. There is increasing evidence that meticulous surgical clearance and extended lymphadenectomy has significant impact on disease-free survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be effective in terms of recurrence-free survival and better than cystectomy alone. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy also has beneficial effects in terms of downstaging the disease and improving recurrence-free survival. This perioperative chemotherapy (adjuvant/neoadjuvant) has 5-7% survival benefit and 10% reduction in the death due to cancer disease. Excellent five-year survival rates have been achieved in patients achieving pT0 stage at surgery following chemotherapy (around 80%) and overall 40% five-year survival in node positive patients, which is promising. Though practiced widely, perioperative chemotherapy is not considered as a standard of care as yet. Current ongoing trials are likely to help us in reaching a consensus over this. There is no role of preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced/metastatic bladder cancer except in non TCC bilharzial/squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. Use of nomograms and prognostic factor evaluation may help us in the future in predicting the disease relapse and may help us in tailoring the treatment accordingly. Newer and more effective chemotherapeutic drugs and ongoing trials will have a significant impact on the treatment strategies and outcome of these patients in the future.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-04-24
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    DOI 10.4103/0970-1591.38609
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer in the Asia Pacific region: 'real-world' consideration of results from the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2017.

    Chiong, Edmund / Murphy, Declan G / Akaza, Hideyuki / Buchan, Nicholas C / Chung, Byung Ha / Kanesvaran, Ravindran / Khochikar, Makarand / Letran, Jason / Lojanapiwat, Bannakij / Ng, Chi-Fai / Ong, Teng / Pu, Yeong-Shiau / Saad, Marniza / Schubach, Kathryn / Türkeri, Levent / Umbas, Rainy / Le Chuyen, Vu / Williams, Scott / Ye, Ding-Wei /
    Davis, Ian D

    BJU international

    2018  Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–34

    Abstract: Objective: The Asia Pacific Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APAC APCCC 2018) brought together 20 experts from 15 APAC countries to discuss the real-world application of consensus statements from the second APCCC held in St Gallen in 2017 ( ...

    Abstract Objective: The Asia Pacific Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APAC APCCC 2018) brought together 20 experts from 15 APAC countries to discuss the real-world application of consensus statements from the second APCCC held in St Gallen in 2017 (APCCC 2017).
    Findings: Differences in genetics, environment, lifestyle, diet and culture are all likely to influence the management of advanced prostate cancer in the APAC region when compared with the rest of the world. When considering the strong APCCC 2017 recommendation for the use of upfront docetaxel in metastatic castration-naïve prostate cancer, the panel noted possible increased toxicity in Asian men receiving docetaxel, which would affect this recommendation in the APAC region. Although androgen receptor-targeting agents appear to be well tolerated in Asian men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, access to these drugs is very limited for financial reasons across the region. The meeting highlighted that cost and access to contemporary treatments and technologies are key factors influencing therapeutic decision-making in the APAC region. Whilst lower cost/older treatments and technologies may be an option, issues of culture and patient or physician preference mean, these may not always be acceptable. Although generic products can reduce cost in some countries, costs may still be prohibitive for lower-income patients or communities. The panellists noted the opportunity for a coordinated approach across the APAC region to address issues of access and cost. Developments in technologies and treatments are presenting new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Differences in genetics and epidemiology affect the side-effect profiles of some drugs and influence prescribing.
    Conclusions: As the field continues to evolve, collaboration across the APAC region will be important to facilitate relevant research and collection and appraisal of data relevant to APAC populations. In the meantime, the APAC APCCC 2018 meeting highlighted the critical importance of a multidisciplinary team-based approach to treatment planning and care, delivery of best-practice care by clinicians with appropriate expertise, and the importance of patient information and support for informed patient choice.
    MeSH term(s) Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Androstenes/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/economics ; Antineoplastic Agents/supply & distribution ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asia, Southeastern ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Consensus ; Developing Countries ; Docetaxel/therapeutic use ; Far East ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oceania ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy ; Radiotherapy ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Androgen Antagonists ; Androstenes ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Docetaxel (15H5577CQD) ; abiraterone (G819A456D0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Consensus Development Conference ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1462191-5
    ISSN 1464-410X ; 1464-4096 ; 1358-8672
    ISSN (online) 1464-410X
    ISSN 1464-4096 ; 1358-8672
    DOI 10.1111/bju.14489
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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