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Article ; Online: Conflict or consensus? Re-examining crime and disaster.

van Brown, Bethany L

2019 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 744

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-19
Publishing country	South Africa
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2650845-X
ISSN	1996-1421 ; 2072-845X ; 1996-1421
ISSN (online)	1996-1421 ; 2072-845X
ISSN	1996-1421
DOI	10.4102/jamba.v11i1.744
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Disaster Research “Methics”: Ethical and Methodological Considerations of Researching Disaster-Affected Populations

Van Brown, Bethany L

American behavioral scientist. 2020 July, v. 64, no. 8

2020

Abstract: How we do research directly affects what we know about the subject matter under study. While the study of disaster events continues to grow, rigorous inquiry on disaster research methodology is limited because it is confounded by the disruption a ... ...

Abstract	How we do research directly affects what we know about the subject matter under study. While the study of disaster events continues to grow, rigorous inquiry on disaster research methodology is limited because it is confounded by the disruption a disaster presents. Yet it is precisely at that point that special methodological problems emerge. The methodological—and inherently ethical—challenges disaster researchers face became apparent to me during my own fieldwork on domestic violence organizations and their recovery trajectory following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. In this article, I explore methodological and ethical issues that lay beneath “studying” people in the wake of disaster events and argue that ethical concerns should have the same, if not greater, primacy as methods; a dual consideration I refer to as “methics.” My findings support this argument and add to the growing chorus advocating for a paradigm shift in disaster research methods.
Keywords	Rita ; ethics ; face ; family violence ; hurricanes ; organizations ; population ; research ; research methods ; researchers ; scientists ; trajectories
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-07
Size	p. 1050-1065.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	1552-3381
DOI	10.1177/0002764220938115
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Disaster Research “Methics”: Ethical and Methodological Considerations of Researching Disaster-Affected Populations

Van, Brown / Bethany, L.

American Behavioral Scientist

Abstract: How we do research directly affects what we know about the subject matter under study While the study of disaster events continues to grow, rigorous inquiry on disaster research methodology is limited because it is confounded by the disruption a disaster ...

Abstract	How we do research directly affects what we know about the subject matter under study While the study of disaster events continues to grow, rigorous inquiry on disaster research methodology is limited because it is confounded by the disruption a disaster presents Yet it is precisely at that point that special methodological problems emerge The methodological?and inherently ethical?challenges disaster researchers face became apparent to me during my own fieldwork on domestic violence organizations and their recovery trajectory following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 In this article, I explore methodological and ethical issues that lay beneath ?studying? people in the wake of disaster events and argue that ethical concerns should have the same, if not greater, primacy as methods;a dual consideration I refer to as ?methics ? My findings support this argument and add to the growing chorus advocating for a paradigm shift in disaster research methods
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #634177
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Delayed Leukoreduction of whole blood with a platelet-sparing filter to increase low-titer group O whole blood production in the United States.

Wellington, Michael / Feldman, Tamar Perla / Cleeton, Stephanie / Sawyer, Sherrie / Brown, Bethany L

Transfusion

2023 Volume 63 Suppl 3, Page(s) S177–S188

Abstract: Background: Demand for low-titer Group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasing for trauma. The whole blood (WB) platelet-sparing (WB-SP) filter enables leukoreduction (LR) while retaining platelet quantity and function; however, in the United States WB must ...

Abstract	Background: Demand for low-titer Group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasing for trauma. The whole blood (WB) platelet-sparing (WB-SP) filter enables leukoreduction (LR) while retaining platelet quantity and function; however, in the United States WB must be filtered and placed in the cold within 8 h of collection. A longer processing window would facilitate improved logistics and supply of LR-WB to meet the growing medical need. This study evaluated the impact of increasing filtration timing from <8 h to <12 h on the quality of LR-WB. Study design and methods: Thirty WB units were collected from healthy donors. Control units were filtered within 8 h and test units within 12 h of collection. WB was tested throughout 21 days of storage. Hemolysis, WBC content, component recovery, and 25 additional markers of WB quality were tested including hematologic and metabolic markers, RBC morphology, aggregometry, thromboelastography, and p-selectin. Results: There were 0 failures for residual WBC content, hemolysis, or pH, and no differences in component recovery between arms. Few differences in metabolic parameters were observed, but the small effect size suggests these are not clinically significant. Trends throughout storage were similar and filtration timing did not impact hematological parameters, platelet activation and aggregation, or hemostatic capacity. Conclusion: Our studies showed that extending filtration timing from 8 to 12 h from the collection does not significantly impact the quality of LR-WB. Characterization of the platelets demonstrated that storage lesions were not exacerbated. Extending the time from collection to filtration will improve LTOWB inventory in the United States.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hemolysis ; Blood Preservation ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Platelet Activation ; Leukocyte Reduction Procedures
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208417-x
ISSN	1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
ISSN (online)	1537-2995
ISSN	0041-1132
DOI	10.1111/trf.17372
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Article ; Online: Cryoprecipitated anti-hemophiliac factor manufactured from plasma frozen within 24 h after phlebotomy meets AABB quality standards.

Lokhandwala, Parvez M / Young, Pampee P / White, Jennifer / Brown, Bethany L

Transfusion

2022 Volume 62, Issue 9, Page(s) 1731–1735

Abstract: Background: Cryoprecipitated antihemophiliac factor (CryoAHF) manufacturing in the US has not kept pace with the increasing demand for hospital transfusion services. Association for Advancement of Blood and Biologics (AABB) and Food and Drug ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cryoprecipitated antihemophiliac factor (CryoAHF) manufacturing in the US has not kept pace with the increasing demand for hospital transfusion services. Association for Advancement of Blood and Biologics (AABB) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require that CryoAHF be manufactured from fresh frozen plasma within 8 h (FFP). We evaluated whether CryoAHF manufactured from plasma frozen within 24 h (PF24) met regulatory quality control (QC) requirements to increase available plasma for CryoAHF. Study design and methods: In a "worst-case scenario" feasibility study, we produced 21 single units of CryoAHF from type-O whole blood-derived PF24 frozen between 20 and 24 h after collection. A follow-up QC validation was conducted wherein 69 PF24 units across three sites were manufactured into CryoAHF. Factor VIII (FVIII) and fibrinogen levels were measured. Results: CryoAHF manufactured in our feasibility study from PF24 contained FVIII levels of 208 ± 61 IU (mean ± SD) and 509 ± 152 mg of fibrinogen levels per unit. CryoAHF manufactured in our QC validation from PF24 yielded FVIII levels of 214 ± 58 IU and 607 ± 176 mg of fibrinogen levels per unit. The coagulation factor levels from each of the individual CryoAHF units exceeded the minimum AABB and FDA requirement of ≥80 IU of FVIII per unit and ≥150 mg of fibrinogen per unit. There was no decrease in FVIII or fibrinogen levels in CryoAHF produced from PF24 as compared to historic QC results of CryoAHF produced from FFP. Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that CryoAHF produced from PF24 meets AABB and FDA QC requirements. FDA approved the American Red Cross request to manufacture CryoAHF singles and pools from PF24 as source material.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Coagulation Factors ; Blood Preservation/methods ; Factor VIII/therapeutic use ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Phlebotomy ; Plasma
Chemical Substances	Blood Coagulation Factors ; Factor VIII (9001-27-8) ; Fibrinogen (9001-32-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208417-x
ISSN	1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
ISSN (online)	1537-2995
ISSN	0041-1132
DOI	10.1111/trf.17032
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Article ; Online: Adolescent Advertising Exposure to Cannabis Products in Rural Oklahoma via Medical Dispensaries.

Livingston, Melvin / Barry, Caroline / Walker, Andrew / Livingston, Bethany / Talavera-Brown, Sierra L / Harmon, Megan / Wagenaar, Alexander / Kominsky, Terrence / Komro, Kelli A

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

2023 Volume 84, Issue 5, Page(s) 693–699

Abstract: Objective: We assess cannabis advertising exposure among adolescents in rural Oklahoma from medical dispensaries.: Method: Our mixed-methods study identified medical dispensaries within a 15-minute drive time of rural Oklahoma high schools. Study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We assess cannabis advertising exposure among adolescents in rural Oklahoma from medical dispensaries. Method: Our mixed-methods study identified medical dispensaries within a 15-minute drive time of rural Oklahoma high schools. Study staff completed observational data collection forms and took photographs of each dispensary. Quantitative data from the forms and qualitative coding of photographs were used to describe dispensary characteristics and likely advertising exposure for adolescents. Results: Ninety-two dispensaries were identified across 20 rural communities. The majority presented as retail spaces ( Conclusions: Sampled rural medical dispensaries present as retail spaces and are a likely source of adolescent cannabis advertising exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Cannabis ; Advertising/methods ; Oklahoma/epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Marketing ; Hallucinogens ; Commerce ; Medical Marijuana
Chemical Substances	Hallucinogens ; Medical Marijuana
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2266450-6
ISSN	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683 ; 1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
ISSN (online)	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683
ISSN	1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
DOI	10.15288/jsad.22-00292
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Article ; Online: Systematic literature review evaluating evidence and mechanisms of action for platelet-rich plasma as an antibacterial agent.

Sethi, Dalip / Martin, Kimberly E / Shrotriya, Sangeeta / Brown, Bethany L

Journal of cardiothoracic surgery

2021 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 277

Abstract: Platelet rich plasma or PRP is a supraphysiologic concentrate of platelets derived by centrifugation and separation of whole blood components. Along with platelets and plasma, PRP contains various cell types including white blood cells (WBC)/leukocytes, ... ...

Abstract	Platelet rich plasma or PRP is a supraphysiologic concentrate of platelets derived by centrifugation and separation of whole blood components. Along with platelets and plasma, PRP contains various cell types including white blood cells (WBC)/leukocytes, both granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes). Researchers and clinicians have explored the application of PRP in wound healing and prevention of surgical wound infections, such as deep sternal wounds. We conducted this systematic literature review to evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence for the antibacterial effect of PRP and its potential mechanism of action. 526 records were identified for screening. 34 unique articles were identified to be included in this literature review for data summary. Overall, the quality of the clinical trials in this review is low, and collectively qualify as Oxford level C. Based on the available clinical data, there is a clear trend towards safety of autologous PRP and potential efficacy in deep sternal wound management. The preclinical and bench data is very compelling. The application of PRP in treatment of wounds or prevention of infection with PRP is promising but there is a need for foundational bench and preclinical animal research to optimize PRP as an antibacterial agent, and to provide data to aid in the design and conduct of well-designed RCTs with adequate power to confirm antimicrobial efficacy of PRP in specific disease states and wound types.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Surgical Wound Infection ; Wound Healing
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ISSN	1749-8090
ISSN (online)	1749-8090
DOI	10.1186/s13019-021-01652-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Treatment for emerging viruses: Convalescent plasma and COVID-19.

Brown, Bethany L / McCullough, Jeffrey

Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

2020 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 102790

Abstract: Use of convalescent plasma transfusions could be of great value in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), given the lack of specific preventative and therapeutic options. This convalescent plasma therapy is of particular interest when a ... ...

Abstract	Use of convalescent plasma transfusions could be of great value in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), given the lack of specific preventative and therapeutic options. This convalescent plasma therapy is of particular interest when a vaccine or specific therapy is not yet available for emerging viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. This report summarizes existing literature around convalescent plasma as a therapeutic option for COVID-19. It also includes recommendations for establishing a convalescent plasma program, enhancement considerations for convalescent plasma, and considerations around pathogen reduction treatment of convalescent plasma. Time is of the essence to set up protocols for collection, preparation, and administration of apheresis-collected convalescent plasma in response to the current pandemic. The immediate use of convalescent plasma provides prompt availability of a promising treatment while specific vaccines and treatments are evaluated and brought to scale. Further development of improved convalescent plasma, vaccines and other therapeutics depends on quick generation of additional data on pathogenesis and immune response. Additionally, given the lack of information around the natural history of this disease, PRT should be considered to add a layer of safety to protect recipients of convalescent plasma.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Blood Safety ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/therapy ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology ; Convalescence ; Coronavirus Infections/blood ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Donor Selection ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Plasmapheresis ; Pneumonia, Viral/blood ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/therapy ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Virus Inactivation ; COVID-19 Serotherapy
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2020.102790
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Article: Lessons learned from the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of COVID-19 and specific considerations for immunocompromised patients.

Beraud, Mickael / Goodhue Meyer, Erin / Lozano, Miquel / Bah, Aicha / Vassallo, Ralph / Brown, Bethany L

Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

2022 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 103355

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CovCP) infusions have been widely used for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The aims of this narrative review were to analyze the safety and efficacy of CovCP infusions in the ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CovCP) infusions have been widely used for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The aims of this narrative review were to analyze the safety and efficacy of CovCP infusions in the overall population and in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 and to identify the lessons learned concerning the use of convalescent plasma (CP) to fill treatment gaps for emerging viruses. Systematic searches (PubMed, Scopus, and COVID-19 Research) were conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles and pre-prints published between March 1, 2020 and May 1, 2021 on the use of CovCP for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. From 261 retrieved articles, 37 articles reporting robust controlled studies in the overall population of patients with COVID-19 and 9 articles in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 were selected. While CovCP infusions are well tolerated in both populations, they do not seem to improve clinical outcomes in critically-ill patients with COVID-19 and no conclusion could be drawn concerning their potential benefits in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. To be better prepared for future epidemics/pandemics and to evaluate potential benefits of CP treatment, only CP units with high neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) titers should be infused in patients with low NAb titers, patient eligibility criteria should be based on the disease pathophysiology, and measured clinical outcomes and methods should be comparable across studies. Even if CovCP infusions did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, NAb-containing CP infusions remain a safe, widely available and potentially beneficial treatment option for future epidemics/pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; Immunocompromised Host ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2022.103355
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Article ; Online: Treatment for emerging viruses

Brown, Bethany L. / McCullough, Jeffrey

Transfusion and Apheresis Science

Convalescent plasma and COVID-19

2020 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 102790

Keywords	Hematology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2020.102790
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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