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  1. Article: Treatment of schizophrenia negative symptoms: future prospects.

    Erhart, Stephen M / Marder, Stephen R / Carpenter, William T

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2006  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 234–237

    Abstract: New findings from neuroscience, genetics, and experimental psychology have emerged that provide alternative explanations of many negative symptoms. We review the continuing limitations in treatment and discuss possible sources of heterogeneity among ... ...

    Abstract New findings from neuroscience, genetics, and experimental psychology have emerged that provide alternative explanations of many negative symptoms. We review the continuing limitations in treatment and discuss possible sources of heterogeneity among negative symptoms. We also anticipate conceptual uncertainties that may arise with forthcoming treatment developments.
    MeSH term(s) Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy/trends ; Forecasting ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; Humans ; Receptors, Dopamine D4/drug effects ; Receptors, Dopamine D4/genetics ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 (137750-34-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbj055
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article: Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging radiographs for suspected organic syndromes in adult psychiatry.

    Erhart, Stephen M / Young, Alexander S / Marder, Stephen R / Mintz, Jim

    The Journal of clinical psychiatry

    2005  Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 968–973

    Abstract: Objective: In psychiatric practice, adult patients are most commonly referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for suspected organic medical diseases of the central nervous system that can mimic psychiatric syndromes. We identified the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: In psychiatric practice, adult patients are most commonly referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for suspected organic medical diseases of the central nervous system that can mimic psychiatric syndromes. We identified the most common signs and symptoms prompting MRIs to establish the predictive value of these signs and symptoms for clinically pertinent organic syndromes.
    Method: This study was a retrospective chart review of psychiatric patients at the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care Center (Los Angeles, Calif.) who were referred for MRI of the brain between 1996 and 2002. Patients referred for evaluation of dementia were excluded. The specific indications leading clinicians to obtain MRI were identified and grouped. In order to offset the uncertain significance of many MRI findings, for this study, the predictive value of each indication was calculated based on the percentage of patients in whom clinical management changed in response to MRI findings rather than on the percentage with any abnormal MRI results.
    Results: Of 253 patients who had MRIs, 38 (15%) incurred some degree of treatment modification as a result of MRI findings, including 6 patients in whom MRI identified a medical condition that became the focus of treatment. Six indications appeared most likely to prompt clinicians to obtain MRIs. Because pertinent results were associated with each of these indications, statistical evaluation did not reveal significant differences in their predictive values (chi(2) = 4.32, df = 5, p = .505).
    Conclusions: Unlike prior studies showing no value to screening radioimaging, this study shows MRI can be a useful screening test among patients suspected of having organic psychiatric disorders and that the common indications for MRI employed at one institution were predictive.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis ; Neurocognitive Disorders/epidemiology ; Neurocognitive Disorders/therapy ; Patient Care Management/methods ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Psychiatry/methods ; Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 716287-x
    ISSN 1555-2101 ; 0160-6689
    ISSN (online) 1555-2101
    ISSN 0160-6689
    DOI 10.4088/jcp.v66n0802
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Frugivory in four sympatric lemurs: implications for the future of Madagascar's forests.

    Wright, Patricia C / Tecot, Stacey R / Erhart, Elizabeth M / Baden, Andrea L / King, Stephen J / Grassi, Christina

    American journal of primatology

    2011  Volume 73, Issue 6, Page(s) 585–602

    Abstract: Although some conservationists accept that not all species can be saved, we illustrate the difficulty in deciding which species are dispensable. In this article, we examine the possibility that the integrity of a forest relies on its entire faunal ... ...

    Abstract Although some conservationists accept that not all species can be saved, we illustrate the difficulty in deciding which species are dispensable. In this article, we examine the possibility that the integrity of a forest relies on its entire faunal assemblage. In Madagascar, one faunal group, the lemurs, accounts for the greatest biomass and species richness among frugivores. For example, 7 of the 13 sympatric lemur species in Madagascar's eastern rainforests consume primarily fruit. Because of this, we suggest that some tree species may rely heavily on particular lemur taxa for both seed dispersal and germination. In Ranomafana National Park, the diets for four of the day-active lemur frugivores have been documented during annual cycles over a 5-year period. We predicted that, although the fruit of some plant taxa would be exploited by multiple lemur species, the fruit of others would be eaten by one lemur species alone. Analyses reveal that while lemurs overlap in a number of fruit taxa exploited, 46% (16/35) of families and 56% (29/52) of genera are eaten exclusively by one lemur species. We, therefore, predict local changes in forest composition and structure if certain of these lemur species are eliminated from a forest owing to hunting, disease, or habitat disturbance. We also suggest that this result may be of global significance because carbon sequestration by the tropical forests in Madagascar may be reduced as a result of this predicted change in forest composition.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Sequestration ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Feeding Behavior ; Fruit ; Lemuridae/physiology ; Madagascar ; Seed Dispersal ; Strepsirhini/physiology ; Trees
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1495834-x
    ISSN 1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
    ISSN (online) 1098-2345
    ISSN 0275-2565
    DOI 10.1002/ajp.20936
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  4. Article: Understanding the new and evolving profile of adverse drug effects in schizophrenia.

    Wirshing, Donna A / Pierre, Joseph M / Erhart, Stephen M / Boyd, Jennifer A

    The Psychiatric clinics of North America

    2003  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–190

    Abstract: This article has reviewed the emerging side-effect profiles of second-generation antipsychotic medications. Although these medications have favorable extrapyramidal side-effect profiles, clinicians must be aware of their propensity to cause weight gain, ... ...

    Abstract This article has reviewed the emerging side-effect profiles of second-generation antipsychotic medications. Although these medications have favorable extrapyramidal side-effect profiles, clinicians must be aware of their propensity to cause weight gain, glucose and lipid abnormalities, and cardiac and sexual side effects. If clinicians are proactive about warning patients about these side effects and appropriately monitoring them, further morbidity and mortality may be prevented in this patient population. Initial choices of medication should be made based on the relative side-effect profiles in light of a particular patient's medical status. In the future, new treatments may be developed, with even fewer side effects.
    MeSH term(s) Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/chemically induced ; Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced ; Male ; Prolactin/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/classification ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/chemically induced ; Weight Gain/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Prolactin (9002-62-4) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 431518-2
    ISSN 1558-3147 ; 0193-953X
    ISSN (online) 1558-3147
    ISSN 0193-953X
    DOI 10.1016/s0193-953x(02)00035-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Social Cognition and Neurocognition: Effects of Risperidone, Olanzapine, and Haloperidol.

    Sergi, Mark / Green, Michael / Widmark, Clifford / Reist, Christopher / Erhart, Stephen / Braff, David / Kee, Kimmy / Marder, Stephen / Mintz, Jim

    The American journal of psychiatry

    2012  Volume 164, Issue 10, Page(s) 1585–1592

    Abstract: Objective: This study examined the short-term effects of first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications on social cognition and basic cognition. Method: One hundred patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participated in an 8 week, ...

    Abstract Objective: This study examined the short-term effects of first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications on social cognition and basic cognition. Method: One hundred patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participated in an 8 week, double-blind study of risperidone, olanzapine, and haloperidol. Participants were administered multiple measures of social cognition, basic cognition, and clinical symptoms at baseline, the end of week 4, and the end of week 8. Seventy-three patients completed the baseline assessment and at least one other assessment. Data were analyzed with mixed-effects analyses of covariance. For data reduction, the social cognitive measures were clustered into a summary score, and the cognitive measures were clustered into two summary scores: general cognitive ability and processing speed. (The effects on thinking of risperidone and olanzapine can be found at NCT00108368, www.clinicaltrials.gov.) Results: There were no treatment-related differences on any of the three summary scores. Social cognition did not show within-group changes over time either by itself or after control for the cognitive clusters. One cognitive score (general cognitive ability) increased during the study period for all three medication groups. Conclusions: The present study included a rather thorough assessment of social cognition and did not find any evidence of between-group or within-group effects of antipsychotic medication on social cognition.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280045-7
    ISSN 1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
    ISSN (online) 1535-7228
    ISSN 0002-953X
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06091515
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: HIV infection among paediatric in-patients in Blantyre, Malawi.

    Rogerson, Sheryle R / Gladstone, Melissa / Callaghan, Maria / Erhart, Laura / Rogerson, Stephen J / Borgstein, Eric / Broadhead, Robin L

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

    2004  Volume 98, Issue 9, Page(s) 544–552

    Abstract: To investigate the impact of HIV infection on hospital admission and death we studied children admitted to paediatric medical and surgical wards in Blantyre, Malawi, in March 2000. Unselected children whose parents or guardians consented to HIV testing ... ...

    Abstract To investigate the impact of HIV infection on hospital admission and death we studied children admitted to paediatric medical and surgical wards in Blantyre, Malawi, in March 2000. Unselected children whose parents or guardians consented to HIV testing of the child were recruited and HIV infection was determined by serology, with confirmation in children aged 15 months or less by PCR. We assessed the prevalence of HIV infection by age, clinical diagnosis and outcome of admission. Of 1064 admissions, 991 were tested for HIV infection, and 187 (18.9%) were infected. HIV was most common in children aged less than six months, 53 of 166 (32%). Parents of HIV-infected children were better educated, and more likely to have died, than those of uninfected children. Clinical symptoms and signs were not adequately sensitive or specific to be used for diagnosis of HIV. HIV was common in children with malnutrition (prevalence 40%), lower respiratory tract infection (29%) and sepsis (28%), and less prevalent among children with malaria (11%) or surgical admissions (11%). Almost 30% of HIV-infected children died, compared with 8.9% of uninfected children, and HIV-infected children constituted over 40% of in-patient deaths.
    MeSH term(s) Age Distribution ; Child, Preschool ; Educational Status ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/mortality ; HIV Seropositivity/complications ; HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Malaria/complications ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 441375-1
    ISSN 1878-3503 ; 0035-9203
    ISSN (online) 1878-3503
    ISSN 0035-9203
    DOI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2003.12.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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