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  1. Article ; Online: Impact of human mobility and networking on spread of COVID-19 at the time of the 1st and 2nd epidemic waves in Japan: An effective distance approach.

    Nohara, Yasuhiro / Manabe, Toshie

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0272996

    Abstract: Background: The influence of human mobility to the domestic spread of COVID-19 in Japan using the approach of effective distance has not yet been assessed.: Methods: We calculated the effective distance between prefectures using the data on ... ...

    Abstract Background: The influence of human mobility to the domestic spread of COVID-19 in Japan using the approach of effective distance has not yet been assessed.
    Methods: We calculated the effective distance between prefectures using the data on laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 16 to August 23, 2020, that were times in the 1st and the 2nd epidemic waves in Japan. We also used the aggregated data on passenger volume by transportation mode for the 47 prefectures, as well as those in the private railway, bus, ship, and aviation categories. The starting location (prefecture) was defined as Kanagawa and as Tokyo for the 1st and the 2nd waves, respectively. The accuracy of the spread models was evaluated using the correlation between time of arrival and effective distance, calculated according to the different starting locations.
    Results: The number of cases in the analysis was 16,226 and 50,539 in the 1st and 2nd epidemic waves, respectively. The relationship between arrival time and geographical distance shows that the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.0523 if geographical distance Dgeo and time of arrival Ta set to zero at Kanagawa and was R2 = 0.0109 if Dgeo and Ta set to zero at Tokyo. The relationship between arrival time and effective distance shows that the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.3227 if effective distance Deff and Ta set to zero at Kanagawa and was R2 = 0.415 if Deff and time of arrival Ta set to zero at Tokyo. In other words, the effective distance taking into account the mobility network shows the spatiotemporal characteristics of the spread of infection better than geographical distance. The correlation of arrival time to effective distance showed the possibility of spreading from multiple areas in the 1st epidemic wave. On the other hand, the correlation of arrival time to effective distance showed the possibility of spreading from a specific area in the 2nd epidemic wave.
    Conclusions: The spread of COVID-19 in Japan was affected by the mobility network and the 2nd epidemic wave is more affected than those of the 1st epidemic. The effective distance approach has the impact to estimate the domestic spreading COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology ; Tokyo/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0272996
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  2. Article ; Online: Impact of human mobility and networking on spread of COVID-19 at the time of the 1st and 2nd epidemic waves in Japan

    Yasuhiro Nohara / Toshie Manabe

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

    An effective distance approach.

    2022  Volume 0272996

    Abstract: Background The influence of human mobility to the domestic spread of COVID-19 in Japan using the approach of effective distance has not yet been assessed. Methods We calculated the effective distance between prefectures using the data on laboratory- ... ...

    Abstract Background The influence of human mobility to the domestic spread of COVID-19 in Japan using the approach of effective distance has not yet been assessed. Methods We calculated the effective distance between prefectures using the data on laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 16 to August 23, 2020, that were times in the 1st and the 2nd epidemic waves in Japan. We also used the aggregated data on passenger volume by transportation mode for the 47 prefectures, as well as those in the private railway, bus, ship, and aviation categories. The starting location (prefecture) was defined as Kanagawa and as Tokyo for the 1st and the 2nd waves, respectively. The accuracy of the spread models was evaluated using the correlation between time of arrival and effective distance, calculated according to the different starting locations. Results The number of cases in the analysis was 16,226 and 50,539 in the 1st and 2nd epidemic waves, respectively. The relationship between arrival time and geographical distance shows that the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.0523 if geographical distance Dgeo and time of arrival Ta set to zero at Kanagawa and was R2 = 0.0109 if Dgeo and Ta set to zero at Tokyo. The relationship between arrival time and effective distance shows that the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.3227 if effective distance Deff and Ta set to zero at Kanagawa and was R2 = 0.415 if Deff and time of arrival Ta set to zero at Tokyo. In other words, the effective distance taking into account the mobility network shows the spatiotemporal characteristics of the spread of infection better than geographical distance. The correlation of arrival time to effective distance showed the possibility of spreading from multiple areas in the 1st epidemic wave. On the other hand, the correlation of arrival time to effective distance showed the possibility of spreading from a specific area in the 2nd epidemic wave. Conclusions The spread of COVID-19 in Japan was affected by the mobility network and the 2nd epidemic ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Adaptations in the role of pharmacists under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Kambayashi, Dan / Manabe, Toshie / Hirohara, Masayoshi

    BMC health services research

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 72

    Abstract: Background: Community pharmacists actively engage in managing the health of local residents, but the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid adaptations in practice activities.: Objectives: We sought to identify the specific adaptations in practice ... ...

    Abstract Background: Community pharmacists actively engage in managing the health of local residents, but the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid adaptations in practice activities.
    Objectives: We sought to identify the specific adaptations in practice and the expanded roles of community pharmacists in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published studies reporting the tasks of pharmacists in community pharmacies or who were involved in pharmacy practices addressing the pandemic. Two investigators independently searched PubMed (December 2019-January 2022) for eligible articles. We conducted a meta-analysis to measure the frequencies of practical activities by pharmacists in response to COVID-19.
    Results: We identified 30 eligible studies. Meta-analysis of these studies found that the most commonly reported adaptation in pharmacist practice activities was modifying hygiene behaviors, including regular cleaning and disinfection (81.89%), followed by maintaining social distance from staff and clients (76.37%). Educating clients on COVID-19 was reported by 22 studies (72.54%). Telemedicine and home delivery services were provided to clients by 49.03 and 41.98% of pharmacists, respectively.
    Conclusions: The roles of community pharmacists in public health activities have adapted and expanded in response to COVID-19, notably by incorporating public health education activities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pharmacists ; Pandemics ; Community Pharmacy Services ; Professional Role
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-023-09071-w
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  4. Article ; Online: Adaptations in the role of pharmacists under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

    Dan Kambayashi / Toshie Manabe / Masayoshi Hirohara

    BMC Health Services Research, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a systematic review and meta-analysis

    2023  Volume 18

    Abstract: Abstract Background Community pharmacists actively engage in managing the health of local residents, but the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid adaptations in practice activities. Objectives We sought to identify the specific adaptations in ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Community pharmacists actively engage in managing the health of local residents, but the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid adaptations in practice activities. Objectives We sought to identify the specific adaptations in practice and the expanded roles of community pharmacists in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published studies reporting the tasks of pharmacists in community pharmacies or who were involved in pharmacy practices addressing the pandemic. Two investigators independently searched PubMed (December 2019–January 2022) for eligible articles. We conducted a meta-analysis to measure the frequencies of practical activities by pharmacists in response to COVID-19. Results We identified 30 eligible studies. Meta-analysis of these studies found that the most commonly reported adaptation in pharmacist practice activities was modifying hygiene behaviors, including regular cleaning and disinfection (81.89%), followed by maintaining social distance from staff and clients (76.37%). Educating clients on COVID-19 was reported by 22 studies (72.54%). Telemedicine and home delivery services were provided to clients by 49.03 and 41.98% of pharmacists, respectively. Conclusions The roles of community pharmacists in public health activities have adapted and expanded in response to COVID-19, notably by incorporating public health education activities.
    Keywords Pharmacist ; Pharmacy practice ; COVID-19 ; Education ; Emerging infectious diseases ; Systematic review ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Special considerations in the management of COVID-19 in rural and remote areas.

    Kotani, Kazuhiko / Manabe, Toshie

    Singapore medical journal

    2020  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 172

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Rural Health Services ; Rural Population
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-30
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 604319-7
    ISSN 0037-5675
    ISSN 0037-5675
    DOI 10.11622/smedj.2020112
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Article ; Online: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey among Nursing Care Workers Involved in Caring for Older Adults during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.

    Kambayashi, Dan / Manabe, Toshie / Hirohara, Masayoshi / Akatsu, Hiroyasu

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 20

    Abstract: Background: As Japan undergoes population aging, nursing care workers play an important role in supporting older adults in the community, which has been particularly critical during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: As Japan undergoes population aging, nursing care workers play an important role in supporting older adults in the community, which has been particularly critical during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among nursing care workers regarding COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated.
    Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in June 2020 among 481 nursing care workers in the nursing care facilities in Aichi, Japan. We assessed COVID-19-related KAP scores of nursing care workers, and compared them by age, sex, and years of experience.
    Results: A total of 481 nursing care workers responded to the survey. Out of a maximum of 10 points, the mean (standard deviations) knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 6.86 (1.45), 7.11 (1.42), and 7.40 (1.89), respectively. Comparisons between the KAP scores revealed significantly higher knowledge scores among older workers (
    Conclusions: The findings revealed that older age and a longer duration of experience were associated with higher COVID-19-related knowledge and practice scores. To better support older adults, it is essential to improve the education system for care workers and to provide environments for delivering necessary information rapidly.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Japan/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph192012993
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  8. Article ; Online: Effects of Facial Muscles Exercise on Mental Health: A Systematic Review.

    Okamoto, Rumiko / Manabe, Toshie / Mizukami, Katsuyoshi

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 22

    Abstract: Mental disorders are increasing worldwide. Previous research has reported an association between mental health and facial expressions. Face-to-face communication, specifically, is majorly affected when wearing face masks for a long time because of the ... ...

    Abstract Mental disorders are increasing worldwide. Previous research has reported an association between mental health and facial expressions. Face-to-face communication, specifically, is majorly affected when wearing face masks for a long time because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there have been no systematic reviews of facial muscles exercise intervention studies for mental health. Thus, evidence of their effect on mental health is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the current evidence of the effectiveness of voluntary facial muscles exercise to improve some parameters of mental health. We implemented a systematic review of experimental studies (published between 2007 and 2018, 10 years before we decided to start this review). Of the 61,096 references screened, seven studies reported that facial muscles exercise may help to improve some parameters of mental health. Moreover, the study quality was assessed, and we extracted sub outcomes for mental health. Non-coherent results of seven experimental studies were included in this review. Voluntary facial muscles exercise may help improve depressive symptoms, mood, and reduce the level of chronic stress. However, due to the low quality of analyzed studies, further studies are needed to confirm the mental health benefits of a facial muscles exercise program.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Facial Muscles ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph182212216
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  9. Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists partnering with community residents: A national survey in Japan.

    Kambayashi, Dan / Manabe, Toshie / Kawade, Yoshihiro / Hirohara, Masayoshi

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) e0258805

    Abstract: Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in reducing COVID-19-related secondary health problems. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists in Japan have not yet been elucidated.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in reducing COVID-19-related secondary health problems. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists in Japan have not yet been elucidated.
    Methods: We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey among 1,137 pharmacists working in health support pharmacies (HSPs) in Japan. These pharmacists are responsible for providing health consultations to community residents. We assessed COVID-19-related KAP among pharmacists and compared the results for two age groups: ≤49 years and ≥50 years. We used multiple regression analysis to examine which factors influence KAP scores regarding COVID-19.
    Results: From among the 2,141 HSPs in Japan, a total of 1,137 pharmacists, each representing a different HSP, responded to the survey. The results indicated that since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists have been providing consultations about COVID-19 to local residents, covering topics such as "Effective infection prevention methods" (60.6%) and "What the COVID-19 pandemic would be" (48.8%). Importantly, 73.5% of the pharmacists felt they "did not have enough information about COVID-19." The main information resources about COVID-19 were Internet (91.2%) and television (78.9%). Across all respondents, the mean knowledge score (4.17/10) was lower than the mean scores for attitudes (7.26/10) and practices (5.79/10). Multiple regression analysis showed that having enough information about COVID-19 was a factor strongly associated with total KAP scores (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval, -1.344 to -0.540).
    Conclusions: Pharmacists working in community pharmacies provide residents with information related to COVID-19. In this role as a health partner, these pharmacists need a way to strengthen and expand their knowledge, and moreover, their ability to support community residents. Learning more about the available academic and scientific information, as well as having access to accurate epidemiological information, can offer a means of reaching these goals.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pharmacists ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0258805
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  10. Article ; Online: Favipiravir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Manabe, Toshie / Kambayashi, Dan / Akatsu, Hiroyasu / Kudo, Koichiro

    BMC infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 489

    Abstract: Background: Favipiravir possesses high utility for treating patients with COVID-19. However, research examining the efficacy and safety of favipiravir for patients with COVID-19 is limited.: Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published ... ...

    Abstract Background: Favipiravir possesses high utility for treating patients with COVID-19. However, research examining the efficacy and safety of favipiravir for patients with COVID-19 is limited.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published studies reporting the efficacy of favipiravir against COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MedRxiv, and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception to September 2020) to identify eligible studies. A meta-analysis was performed to measure viral clearance and clinical improvement as the primary outcomes.
    Results: Among 11 eligible studies, 5 included a comparator group. Comparing to the comparator group, the favipiravir group exhibited significantly better viral clearance on day 7 after the initiation of treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-5.22), whereas no difference was noted on day 14 (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.69-6.95). Although clinical improvement was significantly better in the favipiravir group on both days 7 and 14, the improvement was better on day 14 (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.17-7.80) than on day 7 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.03-2.49). The estimated proportions of patients with viral clearance in the favipiravir arm on days 7 and 14 were 65.42 and 88.9%, respectively, versus 43.42 and 78.79%, respectively, in the comparator group. The estimated proportions of patients with clinical improvement on days 7 and 14 in the favipiravir group were 54.33 and 84.63%, respectively, compared with 34.40 and 65.77%, respectively, in the comparator group.
    Conclusions: Favipiravir induces viral clearance by 7 days and contributes to clinical improvement within 14 days. The results indicated that favipiravir has strong possibility for treating COVID-19, especially in patients with mild-to-moderate illness. Additional well-designed studies, including examinations of the dose and duration of treatment, are crucial for reaching definitive conclusions.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amides/adverse effects ; Amides/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrazines/adverse effects ; Pyrazines/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Young Adult ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Amides ; Antiviral Agents ; Pyrazines ; favipiravir (EW5GL2X7E0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2041550-3
    ISSN 1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    ISSN 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-021-06164-x
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