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  1. Article: A Mid-Cycle Rise in Positive and Drop in Negative Moods among Healthy Young Women: A Pilot Study.

    Hromatko, Ivana / Mikac, Una

    Brain sciences

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1

    Abstract: Clinically oriented studies of mood as a function of the menstrual cycle mainly address the negative moods in the premenstrual phase of the cycle. However, a periovulatory increase in positive emotions and motivations related to reproduction has also ... ...

    Abstract Clinically oriented studies of mood as a function of the menstrual cycle mainly address the negative moods in the premenstrual phase of the cycle. However, a periovulatory increase in positive emotions and motivations related to reproduction has also been noted. Thus, it has been suggested that the drop in mood during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle might be a byproduct of elevated positive moods occurring mid-cycle. The aim of this prospective study was to compare both the positive and negative dimensions of mood across the menstrual cycle. A group of 60 healthy, normally cycling women assessed their mood throughout three phases of their menstrual cycles: the early follicular (low estradiol and progesterone), the late follicular (fertile phase; high estradiol, low progesterone) and the mid-luteal phase (high levels of both estradiol and progesterone). Repeated MANOVA evaluations showed a significant increase in positive (friendly, cheerful, focused, active) and a significant decrease in negative (anxious, depressed, fatigued, hostile) dimensions of mood mid-cycle, i.e., during the late follicular phase (η2 = 0.072−0.174, p < 0.05). Contrary to the widespread belief that negative moods are characteristic of the luteal phase (preceding the onset of the next cycle), the post hoc Bonferroni tests showed that none of the mood dimensions differed between the mid-luteal and early follicular phases of the cycle. The results held when controlling for relationship status and order of testing. This pattern of fluctuations is in accordance with the ovulatory-shift hypothesis, i.e., the notion that the emotions of attraction rise during a short window during which the conception is likely.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci13010105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 among Young Adults: The Role of Conspiratorial Thinking.

    Hromatko, Ivana / Mikac, Una / Tadinac, Meri

    Vaccines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: The anti-scientific and anti-vaccine movements gained momentum amidst the health and socio-economic crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. These widespread pseudoscientific beliefs and the endorsement of conspiracy theories likely contributed to ... ...

    Abstract The anti-scientific and anti-vaccine movements gained momentum amidst the health and socio-economic crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. These widespread pseudoscientific beliefs and the endorsement of conspiracy theories likely contributed to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to explore which variables best differentiated between groups of vaccinated (n = 289), vaccine-hesitant (n = 106), and vaccine-refusing (n = 146) young adults. The study was conducted online at the beginning of the mass vaccination campaign in Croatia when the vaccine just became available for younger and non-vulnerable members of the general population. The demographic variables, COVID-19 anxiety, and conspiratorial thinking regarding COVID-19 were entered into the discriminant analysis. The function explaining 89.2% of the group differences, mostly between the vaccinated and vaccine-refusing, was largely defined by conspiratorial thinking regarding COVID-19 (0.852), followed by variables with substantially less discriminative power, including COVID-19 anxiety (0.423; lower in the vaccine-refusing group), political orientation (0.486; vaccine-refusing leaning less to the left), financial and educational status (0.435 and 0.304, respectively; both lower in the vaccine-refusing group), and religiosity (0.301; higher in the vaccine-refusing group). These results confirm that among young adults, the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 might be heavily influenced by one's proclivity to engage in conspiratorial thinking.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines11020321
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: "I Did My Own Research": Overconfidence, (Dis)trust in Science, and Endorsement of Conspiracy Theories.

    Vranic, Andrea / Hromatko, Ivana / Tonković, Mirjana

    Frontiers in psychology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 931865

    Abstract: Epistemically suspect beliefs, such as endorsement of conspiracy theories or pseudoscientific claims, are widespread even among highly educated individuals. The phenomenon of conspiratorial thinking is not new, yet the COVID-19 pandemic, causing a global ...

    Abstract Epistemically suspect beliefs, such as endorsement of conspiracy theories or pseudoscientific claims, are widespread even among highly educated individuals. The phenomenon of conspiratorial thinking is not new, yet the COVID-19 pandemic, causing a global health crisis of an unprecedented scale, facilitated the emergence and rapid spread of some rather radical health-related pseudoscientific fallacies. Numerous correlates of the tendency to endorse conspiracy theories have already been addressed. However, many of them are not subject to an intervention. In this study, we have tested a model that includes predictors ranging from stable characteristics such as demographics (gender, age, education, and size of the place of residence), less stable general traits such as conservatism and overconfidence in one's own reasoning abilities, to relatively changeable worldviews such as trust in science. A hierarchical regression analysis (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931865
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Acute administration of nicotine does not enhance cognitive functions.

    Grus, Andrea / Hromatko, Ivana

    Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 273–282

    Abstract: Chronic smokers often claim that smoking improves their cognitive abilities, such as concentration. However, scientific evidence to support this claim is scarce. Previous studies gave inconclusive results, and some of them had significant methodological ... ...

    Abstract Chronic smokers often claim that smoking improves their cognitive abilities, such as concentration. However, scientific evidence to support this claim is scarce. Previous studies gave inconclusive results, and some of them had significant methodological flaws. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether smoking a single cigarette affects performance across several cognitive domains. It included a group of 22 occasional smokers aged 19-29 years. Attention, working memory, and visuospatial reasoning were assessed using a within-subjects design with a control setting. There were two separate testing sessions two days apart. Half the group started with experimental and the other half with control setting. In the experimental setting, the participants completed the first block of tasks, smoked one cigarette (with a nicotine yield of 0.5 mg), and then completed the second block of tasks. In the control setting, the procedure was the same, except that the participants had a glass of water instead of a cigarette. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant effects of cigarette smoking on either reaction time rates or accuracy on any of the three cognitive domains. These results suggest that, at least among young, occasional smokers, smoking does not affect cognition and the claims of its improvement are probably a result of some sort of cognitive bias.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attention/drug effects ; Cognition/drug effects ; Croatia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Nicotine/administration & dosage ; Reaction Time/drug effects ; Smoking/psychology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-25
    Publishing country Croatia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 127289-5
    ISSN 1848-6312 ; 0004-1254
    ISSN (online) 1848-6312
    ISSN 0004-1254
    DOI 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3257
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The brief case for everyday problems: a proposal of two brief alternate forms of the Everyday Problems Test.

    Juras, Luka / Martincević, Marina / Vranić, Andrea / Rebernjak, Blaž / Hromatko, Ivana

    European journal of ageing

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 1519–1528

    Abstract: Everyday Problems Test (EPT; Willis and Marsiske, Manual for the everyday problems test, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 1993) is an 84-item performance-based measure of older adults' everyday cognitive competencies in seven everyday domains ...

    Abstract Everyday Problems Test (EPT; Willis and Marsiske, Manual for the everyday problems test, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 1993) is an 84-item performance-based measure of older adults' everyday cognitive competencies in seven everyday domains (e.g., finance, reading prescription). Its length makes it disadvantageous in the typical time-constrained testing context. Due to the potential practice effects, it is also impractical for longitudinal and intervention studies which require repetitive testing. We have addressed these issues by adapting two brief forms of EPT, with 14 items each. The psychometric evaluation of these two versions was conducted on a sample of 157 cognitively healthy older adults. Both brief forms demonstrated good internal consistency, high inter-correlation, and have shown satisfactory concurrent criterion-related validity based on their correlations with socio-demographic and cognitive variables. Results indicate that the two proposed brief forms can be a valuable tool in assessing the everyday cognitive competence of healthy older adults either as a one-time screening instrument or as a pretest-posttest difference indicator of the intervention efficacy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2190233-1
    ISSN 1613-9372
    ISSN 1613-9372
    DOI 10.1007/s10433-022-00734-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Trust in Science, Perceived Vulnerability to Disease, and Adherence to Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological COVID-19 Recommendations.

    Hromatko, Ivana / Tonković, Mirjana / Vranic, Andrea

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 664554

    Abstract: Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a theoretical framework informative for understanding behavioral intentions and choices during exceptional and uncommon circumstances, such as a pandemic of respiratory infectious disease. PMT postulates both the ... ...

    Abstract Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a theoretical framework informative for understanding behavioral intentions and choices during exceptional and uncommon circumstances, such as a pandemic of respiratory infectious disease. PMT postulates both the threat appraisal and the coping appraisal as predictors of health behaviors. Recent advances in the field of behavioral immune system (BIS) research suggest that humans are equipped with a set of psychological adaptations enabling them to detect the disease-threat and activate behavioral avoidance of pathogens. The present study, set within PMT framework and informed by the BIS research, aimed to explain and predict voluntary adherence to COVID-19 guidelines by perceived personal risk and vulnerability to disease as threat appraisal variables, and trust in science as the response efficacy element of coping appraisal. Gender, age, belief in the second wave, perceived personal risk, germ aversion, and trust in science were all found to be significant positive predictors of the intent to adhere to non-pharmacological COVID-19 recommendations, with the belief in the second wave, germ aversion, and trust in science being the most important ones. On the other hand, only the belief in the second wave and trust in science were significant positive predictors of the intent to adhere to pharmacological COVID-19 recommendations (i.e., to vaccinate). Interventions aimed at enhancing preventative measures adherence should take into account that the psychological mechanisms underlying adherence to these two types of recommendations are not identical.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664554
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Do Islanders Have a More Reactive Behavioral Immune System? Social Cognitions and Preferred Interpersonal Distances During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Hromatko, Ivana / Grus, Andrea / Kolđeraj, Gabrijela

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 647586

    Abstract: Insular populations have traditionally drawn a lot of attention from epidemiologists as they provide important insights regarding transmission of infectious diseases and propagation of epidemics. There are numerous historical instances where isolated ... ...

    Abstract Insular populations have traditionally drawn a lot of attention from epidemiologists as they provide important insights regarding transmission of infectious diseases and propagation of epidemics. There are numerous historical instances where isolated populations showed high morbidity once a new virus entered the population. Building upon that and recent findings that the activation of the behavioral immune system (BIS) depends both upon one's vulnerability and environmental context, we predicted that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, place of residence (island vs. mainland) explains a significant proportion of variance in preferred interpersonal distances, animosity toward strangers, and willingness to punish those who do not adhere to COVID-19 preventive measures. With 48 populated islands, Croatia provides a fruitful testing ground for this prediction. We also opted to explore relations among BIS-related variables (pathogen disgust, germ aversion, and perceived infectability) and social cognitions in a more natural context than has previously been done. The study was conducted online, on Croatian residents, during April and May 2020. As expected, the BIS variables contributed significantly to preferred interpersonal distances, negative emotions toward strangers, and willingness to punish those who do not adhere to COVID-19 preventive measures. Furthermore, our results showed that geographical location explained a significant amount of variance in preferred social (but not personal and intimate) distances and negative emotions toward foreigners. As Croatian islands are extremely frequent travel destinations, these differences between mainlanders and islanders cannot be explained by the lack of exposure to foreigners. Additionally, we found that scores on preferred interpersonal distances, pathogen disgust, and germ aversion were significantly higher compared to those obtained in Croatian samples before the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, men scored higher in perceived infectability than before the COVID-19 pandemic, and women did not, which reflects the objectively higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 for men than for women. Taken together, our results support the notion that BIS is a highly adaptive and context-dependent response system, likely more reactive in more susceptible individuals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647586
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Trust in Science, Perceived Vulnerability to Disease, and Adherence to Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological COVID-19 Recommendations

    Ivana Hromatko / Mirjana Tonković / Andrea Vranic

    Frontiers in Psychology, Vol

    2021  Volume 12

    Abstract: Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a theoretical framework informative for understanding behavioral intentions and choices during exceptional and uncommon circumstances, such as a pandemic of respiratory infectious disease. PMT postulates both the ... ...

    Abstract Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a theoretical framework informative for understanding behavioral intentions and choices during exceptional and uncommon circumstances, such as a pandemic of respiratory infectious disease. PMT postulates both the threat appraisal and the coping appraisal as predictors of health behaviors. Recent advances in the field of behavioral immune system (BIS) research suggest that humans are equipped with a set of psychological adaptations enabling them to detect the disease-threat and activate behavioral avoidance of pathogens. The present study, set within PMT framework and informed by the BIS research, aimed to explain and predict voluntary adherence to COVID-19 guidelines by perceived personal risk and vulnerability to disease as threat appraisal variables, and trust in science as the response efficacy element of coping appraisal. Gender, age, belief in the second wave, perceived personal risk, germ aversion, and trust in science were all found to be significant positive predictors of the intent to adhere to non-pharmacological COVID-19 recommendations, with the belief in the second wave, germ aversion, and trust in science being the most important ones. On the other hand, only the belief in the second wave and trust in science were significant positive predictors of the intent to adhere to pharmacological COVID-19 recommendations (i.e., to vaccinate). Interventions aimed at enhancing preventative measures adherence should take into account that the psychological mechanisms underlying adherence to these two types of recommendations are not identical.
    Keywords protection motivation theory ; adherence to protective measures ; behavioral immune system ; perceived vulnerability ; trust in science ; Psychology ; BF1-990
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Evolutionary medicine perspective on coping style and health outcomes: an exploratory study.

    Hromatko, Ivana / Tadinac, Meri / Jokic-Begic, Natasa / Lauri-Korajlija, Anita / Kotrulja, Lena

    Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen

    2019  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 245–254

    Abstract: One of the issues within the framework of Darwinian medicine is why individuals develop the specific disease they do. Ethologists have long known that within any given population, there are organisms with the tendency towards higher ( ...

    Abstract One of the issues within the framework of Darwinian medicine is why individuals develop the specific disease they do. Ethologists have long known that within any given population, there are organisms with the tendency towards higher (
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aggression ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/psychology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; Skin Diseases/psychology ; Skin Diseases/therapy ; Social Behavior ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2466-1
    ISSN 1618-1301 ; 0018-442X
    ISSN (online) 1618-1301
    ISSN 0018-442X
    DOI 10.1127/homo/2019/1094
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Content-specific activational effects of estrogen on working memory performance.

    Vranić, Andrea / Hromatko, Ivana

    The Journal of general psychology

    2008  Volume 135, Issue 3, Page(s) 323–336

    Abstract: The authors explored the influence of task content and the menstrual cycle phase on working memory (WM) performance. They addressed the content specificity of WM in the framework of evolutionary psychology, proposing a hormone-mediated adaptive design ... ...

    Abstract The authors explored the influence of task content and the menstrual cycle phase on working memory (WM) performance. They addressed the content specificity of WM in the framework of evolutionary psychology, proposing a hormone-mediated adaptive design governing face perception. The authors tested 2 groups of healthy young women (n = 66 women with regular menstrual cycle, n = 27 oral contraceptive users) on a WM task with adult male or infant face photographs. Analyses of variance showed significant interaction between task content and estrogen level. Women were more efficient in solving the male faces task during high-estrogen phase of the cycle than during low-estrogen phase. No differences were found in the efficacy of solving the infant faces task between different phases of the cycle. Results suggest content-specific activational effects of estrogen on the WM performance and are consistent with the notion of a hormonal mechanism underlying adaptive shifts in cognition related to mating motivation.
    MeSH term(s) Attention/drug effects ; Attention/physiology ; Contraceptives, Oral/pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/drug effects ; Discrimination Learning/physiology ; Estrogens/blood ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Marriage/psychology ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Menstrual Cycle/drug effects ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/drug effects ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Reaction Time/drug effects ; Reaction Time/physiology
    Chemical Substances Contraceptives, Oral ; Estrogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3132-x
    ISSN 1940-0888 ; 0022-1309
    ISSN (online) 1940-0888
    ISSN 0022-1309
    DOI 10.3200/GENP.135.3.323-336
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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