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Article ; Online: Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Skinner, Jessica / Langley, Natalie / Joseph, Malin / Herrick, James / Brown, Robert / Waletzki, Brian / Goguen, Peter / Shyamsunder, Loukham / Rajan, Subramaniam

Journal of forensic sciences

2023 Volume 68, Issue 3, Page(s) 757–767

Abstract: ... with ADH (r = -0.04, p = 0.81); however, there was a strong significant correlation between ADH and ... water loss (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed no association between fractographic ...

Abstract	Forensic fractographic features of bone reliably establish crack propagation in perimortem injuries. We investigated if similar fracture surface features characterize postmortem fractures. Experimentally induced peri- and postmortem fractures were used to assess if fractographic features vary as bone elasticity decreases during the postmortem interval (PMI). Thirty-seven unembalmed, defleshed human femoral shafts from males and females aged 33-81 years were fractured at varying PMIs with a drop test frame using a three-point bending setup and recorded with a high-speed camera. Vital statistics, cause of death, PMI length, temperature, humidity, collagen percentage, water loss, fracture energy, and fractography scores were recorded for each sample. Results showed that fractographic features associated with perimortem fractures were expressed in PMIs up to 40,600 accumulated degree hours (ADH), or 60 warm weather days. Hackle was the most consistently expressed feature, occurring in all fractures regardless of ADH. The most variable characteristics were wake features (78.4%) and arrest ridges (70.3%). Collagen percentage did not correlate strongly with ADH (r = -0.04, p = 0.81); however, there was a strong significant correlation between ADH and water loss (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed no association between fractographic feature expression and ADH or collagen percentage. In conclusion, forensic fractographic features reliably determine initiation and directionality of crack propagation in experimentally induced PMIs up to 40,600 ADH, demonstrating the utility of this method into the recent postmortem interval. This expression of reliable fractographic features throughout the early PMI intimates these characteristics may not be useful standalone features for discerning peri- versus postmortem fractures.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Postmortem Changes ; Forensic Anthropology/methods ; Fractures, Bone ; Elasticity ; Collagen ; Water
Chemical Substances	Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219216-0
ISSN	1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
ISSN (online)	1556-4029
ISSN	0022-1198
DOI	10.1111/1556-4029.15237
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Article ; Online: Enhancing the barrier height for magnetization reversal in 4d/4f RuIII2LnIII2 "butterfly" single molecule magnets (Ln = Gd, Dy)

Swain, Abinash / Martin, Robert / Vignesh, Kuduva R / Rajaraman, Gopalan / Murray, Keith S / Langley, Stuart K

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

2021 Volume 50, Issue 35, Page(s) 12265–12274

Abstract: A series of 4d-4f {RuIII2DyIII2} and {RuIII2GdIII2} 'butterfly' (rhombohedral) complexes have been synthesized and characterized and their magnetic properties investigated. Earlier, we have reported the first 4d/4f SMM - [RuIII2DyIII2(OMe) ...

Abstract	A series of 4d-4f {RuIII2DyIII2} and {RuIII2GdIII2} 'butterfly' (rhombohedral) complexes have been synthesized and characterized and their magnetic properties investigated. Earlier, we have reported the first 4d/4f SMM - [RuIII2DyIII2(OMe)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472887-4
ISSN	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447 ; 0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
ISSN (online)	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447
ISSN	0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
DOI	10.1039/d1dt01770e
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Article ; Online: Salvage vesiculectomy for local prostate cancer recurrence: surgical technique and early post-operative outcomes.

Giesen, Alexander / Van den Broeck, Thomas / Develtere, Dries / Raskin, Yannic / Wymer, Kevin / Eden, Christopher / Claessens, Marc / Hente, Robert / Rans, Kato / Berghen, Charlien / De Meerleer, Gert / Langley, Stephen / Karnes, R Jeffrey / Heidenreich, Axel / Pfister, David / Joniau, Steven

World journal of urology

2024 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 81

Abstract: Purpose: Isolated recurrence in remnants of the seminal vesicles (SV) after treatment of primary prostate cancer (PCa) has become a more frequent entity with the widespread use of more sensitive next-generation imaging modalities. Salvage vesiculectomy ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Isolated recurrence in remnants of the seminal vesicles (SV) after treatment of primary prostate cancer (PCa) has become a more frequent entity with the widespread use of more sensitive next-generation imaging modalities. Salvage vesiculectomy is hypothesized to be a worthwhile management option in these patients. The primary goal of this study is to describe the surgical technique of this new treatment option. Secondary outcomes are peri- and post-operative complications and early oncological outcomes. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study, including 108 patients with solitary recurrence in the SV treated between January 2009 and June 2022, was performed. Patients with local recurrences outside the SVs or with metastatic disease were excluded. Both SVs were resected using a robot-assisted or an open approach. In selected cases, a concomitant lymphadenectomy was performed. Results: Overall, 31 patients (29%) reported complications, all but one grade 1 to 3 on the Clavien-Dindo Scale. A median PSA decrease of 2.07 ng/ml (IQR: 0.80-4.33, p < 0.001), translating into a median PSA reduction of 92% (IQR: 59-98%) was observed. At a median follow-up of 14 months, freedom from secondary treatment was 54%. Lymphadenectomy had a significant influence on PSA reduction (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Salvage vesiculectomy for PCa recurrence limited to the SV is a safe procedure with excellent PSA response and is a potential curative treatment in a subset of patients. A concomitant lymphadenectomy can best be performed in all patients that did not underwent one at primary treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Prostate ; Pelvis ; Seminal Vesicles
Chemical Substances	Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	380333-8
ISSN	1433-8726 ; 0724-4983
ISSN (online)	1433-8726
ISSN	0724-4983
DOI	10.1007/s00345-024-04771-2
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Article ; Online: Assessing the effectiveness of microplastic extraction methods on fishmeal with different properties.

Way, Chloe / Hudson, Malcolm D / Williams, Ian D / Langley, G John / Marsh, Robert

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications

2022 Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 606–619

Abstract: Microplastic presence in fishmeal is an emerging research area because of its potential to enter food chains, and the importance of fishmeal within global food security. However, fishmeal is a complex medium dependant on fish composition. This study ... ...

Abstract	Microplastic presence in fishmeal is an emerging research area because of its potential to enter food chains, and the importance of fishmeal within global food security. However, fishmeal is a complex medium dependant on fish composition. This study measured properties (organics, carbonates, protein and density) of five fishmeal types (trimmings, sardine and anchovy, krill, tuna and salmon), sourced from locations worldwide (Norway, South America, Antarctica, Spain and Scotland). Microplastic recovery rates were compared for existing methodologies using sodium chloride overflows and potassium hydroxide digestions and then compared to newly developed methods. These methods included dispersants and calcium chloride density separations which were developed and designed to be environmentally conscious and affordable, which we argue should become an international standard approach for researchers. A calcium chloride overflow with dispersant and potassium hydroxide digestion provided the highest recovery rate in sardine and anchovy fishmeal (66.3%). Positive correlations with recovery rate were found with protein content, and negative correlations with organic content. Low recovery rates found here suggest microplastics in fishmeal reported in the literature are underestimated. With complex media such as fishmeal, attention must be paid to variation between types and composition when choosing methods and interpreting results.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Spain
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2515210-5
ISSN	1759-9679 ; 1759-9660
ISSN (online)	1759-9679
ISSN	1759-9660
DOI	10.1039/d1ay02154k
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Article ; Online: Deleterious effects of plasma-derived cellular debris in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock.

Buckley, Colin T / Lee, Yannleei L / Michele Schuler, A / Langley, Raymond J / Kutcher, Matthew E / Barrington, Robert / Audia, Jonathon P / Simmons, Jon D

Injury

2023 Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 111300

Abstract: Background: Recent studies identify large quantities of inflammatory cellular debris within Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). As FFP is a mainstay of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, we used a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock and ischemia/reperfusion to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recent studies identify large quantities of inflammatory cellular debris within Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). As FFP is a mainstay of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, we used a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock and ischemia/reperfusion to investigate the inflammatory potential of plasma-derived cellular debris administered during resuscitation. Methods: The porcine model of hemorrhagic shock included laparotomy with 35 % hemorrhage (Hem), 45 min of ischemia from supraceliac aortic occlusion with subsequent clamp release (IR), followed by protocolized resuscitation for 6 h. Cellular debris (Debris) was added to the resuscitation phase in three groups. The four groups consisted of Hem + IR (n = 4), Hem + IR + Debris (n = 3), Hem + Debris (n = 3), and IR + Debris (n = 3). A battery of laboratory, physiologic, cytokine, and outcome data were compared between groups. Results: As expected, the Hem + IR group showed severe time dependent decrements in organ function and physiologic parameters. All animals that included both IR and Debris (Hem + IR + Debris or IR + Debris) died prior to the six-hour end point, while all animals in the Hem + IR and Hem + Debris survived. Cytokines measured at 30-60 min after initiation of resuscitation revealed significant differences in IL-18 and IL-1β between all groups. Conclusions: Ischemia and reperfusion appear to prime the immune system to the deleterious effects of plasma-derived cellular debris. In the presence of ischemia and reperfusion, this model showed the equivalency of 100 % lethality when resuscitation included quantities of cellular debris at levels routinely administered to trauma patients during transfusion of FFP. A deeper understanding of the immunobiology of FFP-derived cellular debris is critical to optimize resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Swine ; Animals ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Blood Transfusion ; Cytokines ; Resuscitation ; Ischemia
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218778-4
ISSN	1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
ISSN (online)	1879-0267
ISSN	0020-1383
DOI	10.1016/j.injury.2023.111300
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Zs.A 778: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Rapid Point-of-Care Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cancer Tn Antigen Carbohydrate in Whole Unprocessed Blood.

M Silva, Saimon / Langley, Daniel P / Cossins, Luke R / Samudra, Anushka N / Quigley, Anita F / Kapsa, Robert M I / Tothill, Richard W / Greene, George W / Moulton, Simon E

ACS sensors

2022 Volume 7, Issue 11, Page(s) 3379–3388

Abstract: Improving outcomes for cancer patients during treatment and monitoring for cancer recurrence requires personalized care which can only be achieved through regular surveillance for biomarkers. Unfortunately, routine detection for blood-based biomarkers is ...

Abstract	Improving outcomes for cancer patients during treatment and monitoring for cancer recurrence requires personalized care which can only be achieved through regular surveillance for biomarkers. Unfortunately, routine detection for blood-based biomarkers is cost-prohibitive using currently specialized laboratories. Using a rapid self-assembly sensing interface amenable to methods of mass production, we demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify a small carbohydrate-based cancer biomarker, Tn antigen (αGalNAc-Ser/Thr) in a small volume of blood, using a test format strip reminiscent of a blood glucose test. The detection of Tn antigen at picomolar levels is achieved through a new transduction mechanism based on the impact of Tn antigen interactions on the molecular dynamic motion of a lectin cross-linked lubricin antifouling brush. In tests performed on retrospective blood plasma samples from patients presenting three different tumor types, differentiation between healthy and diseased patients was achieved, highlighting the clinical potential for cancer monitoring.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Carbohydrates
Chemical Substances	Tn antigen ; Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2379-3694
ISSN (online)	2379-3694
DOI	10.1021/acssensors.2c01460
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Article ; Online: Projecting the impact of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Ontario, Canada.

Vilches, Thomas N / Zhang, Kevin / Van Exan, Robert / Langley, Joanne M / Moghadas, Seyed M

Vaccine

2021 Volume 39, Issue 17, Page(s) 2360–2365

Abstract: Background: A number of highly effective COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and approved for mass vaccination. We evaluated the impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outbreak and disease outcomes in Ontario, Canada.: Methods: We used an agent-based ... ...

Abstract	Background: A number of highly effective COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and approved for mass vaccination. We evaluated the impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outbreak and disease outcomes in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We used an agent-based transmission model and parameterized it with COVID-19 characteristics, demographics of Ontario, and age-specific clinical outcomes. We implemented a two-dose vaccination program according to tested schedules in clinical trials for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, prioritizing healthcare workers, individuals with comorbidities, and those aged 65 and older. Daily vaccination rate was parameterized based on vaccine administration data. Using estimates of vaccine efficacy, we projected the impact of vaccination on the overall attack rate, hospitalizations, and deaths. We further investigated the effect of increased daily contacts at different stages during vaccination campaigns on outbreak control. Results: Maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) with an average of 74% reduction in daily contacts, vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines was projected to reduce hospitalizations by 27.3% (95% CrI: 22.3% - 32.4%) and 27.0% (95% CrI: 21.9% - 32.6%), respectively, over a one-year time horizon. The largest benefits of vaccination were observed in preventing deaths with reductions of 31.5% (95% CrI: 22.5% - 39.7%) and 31.9% (95% CrI: 22.0% - 41.4%) for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, respectively, compared to no vaccination. We found that an increase of only 10% in daily contacts at the end of lockdown, when vaccination coverage with only one dose was 6%, would trigger a surge in the outbreak. Early relaxation of population-wide measures could lead to a substantial increase in the number of infections, potentially reaching levels observed during the peak of the second wave in Ontario. Conclusions: Vaccination can substantially mitigate ongoing COVID-19 outbreaks. Sustaining population-wide NPIs, to allow for a sufficient increase in population-level immunity through vaccination, is essential to prevent future outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Ontario ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.058
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: The biology of brain metastasis.

Langley, Robert R / Fidler, Isaiah J

Clinical chemistry

2012 Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 180–189

Abstract: Background: It is estimated that at least 200 000 cases of brain metastases occur each year in the US, which is 10 times the number of patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors. Brain metastasis is associated with poor prognosis, neurological ... ...

Abstract	Background: It is estimated that at least 200 000 cases of brain metastases occur each year in the US, which is 10 times the number of patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors. Brain metastasis is associated with poor prognosis, neurological deterioration, diminished quality of life, and extremely short survival. Favorable interactions between tumor cells and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells encourage tumor growth in the central nervous system, while tumor cell interactions with astrocytes protect brain metastases from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Content: We review the pathogenesis of brain metastasis and emphasize the contributions of microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes to disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Animal models used to study brain metastasis are also discussed. Summary: Brain metastasis has many unmet clinical needs. There are few clinically relevant tumor models and no targeted therapies specific for brain metastases, and the mean survival for untreated patients is 5 weeks. Improved clinical outcomes are dependent on an enhanced understanding of the metastasis-initiating population of cells and the identification of microenvironmental factors that encourage disease progression in the central nervous system.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Neoplasms/blood supply ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/secondary ; Endothelium, Vascular/pathology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1373/clinchem.2012.193342
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Article ; Online: The seed and soil hypothesis revisited--the role of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis to different organs.

Langley, Robert R / Fidler, Isaiah J

International journal of cancer

2011 Volume 128, Issue 11, Page(s) 2527–2535

Abstract: The fact that certain tumors exhibit a predilection for metastasis to specific organs has been recognized for well over a century now. An extensive body of clinical data and experimental research has confirmed Stephen Paget's original "seed and soil" ... ...

Abstract	The fact that certain tumors exhibit a predilection for metastasis to specific organs has been recognized for well over a century now. An extensive body of clinical data and experimental research has confirmed Stephen Paget's original "seed and soil" hypothesis that proposed the organ-preference patterns of tumor metastasis are the product of favorable interactions between metastatic tumor cells (the "seed") and their organ microenvironment (the "soil"). Indeed, many of the first-line therapeutic regimens, currently in use for the treatment of human cancer are designed to target cancer cells (such as chemotherapy) and also to modulate the tumor microenvironment (such as antiangiogenic therapy). While some types of tumors are capable of forming metastases in virtually every organ in the body, the most frequent target organs of metastasis are bone, brain, liver and the lung. In this review, we discuss how tumor-stromal interactions influence metastasis in each of these organs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Stromal Cells/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	218257-9
ISSN	1097-0215 ; 0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
ISSN	0020-7136
DOI	10.1002/ijc.26031
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Zs.A 478: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Modulation of the cancer cell transcriptome by culture media formulations and cell density.

Kim, Seung Wook / Kim, Sun-Jin / Langley, Robert R / Fidler, Isaiah J

International journal of oncology

2015 Volume 46, Issue 5, Page(s) 2067–2075

Abstract: We investigated how varying the composition of cell culture formulations and growing cancer cells at different densities might affect tumor cell genotype. Specifically, we compared gene expression profiles generated by human MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer ... ...

Abstract	We investigated how varying the composition of cell culture formulations and growing cancer cells at different densities might affect tumor cell genotype. Specifically, we compared gene expression profiles generated by human MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells cultured in different media [minimum essential medium (MEM), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), or Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)‑1640 medium] containing different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or different sera (equine or bovine) that were grown at different cell densities. More than 2,000 genes were differentially modulated by at least a 2‑fold difference when MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cells were 90% confluent and compared with cultures that were 50% confluent. Altering the concentration of serum produced an even more pronounced effect on MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cell gene expression in that 2,981 genes were differentially expressed in a comparison between cells cultured in 0.1% FBS and same cell density cultures that were maintained in 10% FBS. A comparison between MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cells that were 90% confluent in MEM, DMEM, or RPMI‑1640 media, all containing 10% FBS, resulted in 8,925 differentially expressed genes. Moreover, one‑quarter (25.6%) of genes from our genome‑wide expression analysis were expressed at significantly different levels by cells grown in MEM, DMEM, or RPMI‑1640 media. Genes associated with epithelial‑mes-enchymal transition (EMT) were among the genes that were differentially modulated by cells grown in different cell culture formulations and these genes were verified at the protein level. Collectively, these results underscore the importance of accurate reporting and maintenance of uniform culture conditions to ensure reproducible results.
MeSH term(s)	Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genotype ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcriptome
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1154403-x
ISSN	1791-2423 ; 1019-6439
ISSN (online)	1791-2423
ISSN	1019-6439
DOI	10.3892/ijo.2015.2930
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