LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 65

Search options

  1. Article: CAPAM: The mRNA Cap Adenosine N6-Methyltransferase.

    Cowling, Victoria H

    Trends in biochemical sciences

    2019  Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 183–185

    Abstract: The mRNA cap is a structure that protects mRNA from degradation and recruits processing and translation factors. A new mRNA capping enzyme has been identified, PCIF1/CAPAM, which methylates adenosine when it is the first transcribed nucleotide. This ... ...

    Abstract The mRNA cap is a structure that protects mRNA from degradation and recruits processing and translation factors. A new mRNA capping enzyme has been identified, PCIF1/CAPAM, which methylates adenosine when it is the first transcribed nucleotide. This discovery is crucial for understanding the function of cap adenosine methylation.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine/metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
    Chemical Substances RNA Caps ; RNA, Messenger ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 194216-5
    ISSN 1362-4326 ; 0968-0004 ; 0376-5067
    ISSN (online) 1362-4326
    ISSN 0968-0004 ; 0376-5067
    DOI 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: The RNA cap methyltransferases RNMT and CMTR1 co-ordinate gene expression during neural differentiation.

    Liang, Shang / Almohammed, Rajaei / Cowling, Victoria H

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 1131–1141

    Abstract: Regulation of RNA cap formation has potent impacts on gene regulation, controlling which transcripts are expressed, processed and translated into protein. Recently, the RNA cap methyltransferases RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) and cap-specific ... ...

    Abstract Regulation of RNA cap formation has potent impacts on gene regulation, controlling which transcripts are expressed, processed and translated into protein. Recently, the RNA cap methyltransferases RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) and cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase 1 (CMTR1) have been found to be independently regulated during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation controlling the expression of overlapping and distinct protein families. During neural differentiation, RNMT is repressed and CMTR1 is up-regulated. RNMT promotes expression of the pluripotency-associated gene products; repression of the RNMT complex (RNMT-RAM) is required for repression of these RNAs and proteins during differentiation. The predominant RNA targets of CMTR1 encode the histones and ribosomal proteins (RPs). CMTR1 up-regulation is required to maintain the expression of histones and RPs during differentiation and to maintain DNA replication, RNA translation and cell proliferation. Thus the co-ordinate regulation of RNMT and CMTR1 is required for different aspects of ES cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which RNMT and CMTR1 are independently regulated during ES cell differentiation and explore how this influences the co-ordinated gene regulation required of emerging cell lineages.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation ; Histones/metabolism ; Methyltransferases/genetics ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; RNA Caps/genetics ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Humans ; Animals
    Chemical Substances Histones ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; RNA Caps
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST20221154
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article: CAPAM: The mRNA Cap Adenosine N6-Methyltransferase

    Cowling, Victoria H

    Trends in biochemical sciences. 2019 Mar., v. 44, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: The mRNA cap is a structure that protects mRNA from degradation and recruits processing and translation factors. A new mRNA capping enzyme has been identified, PCIF1/CAPAM, which methylates adenosine when it is the first transcribed nucleotide. This ... ...

    Abstract The mRNA cap is a structure that protects mRNA from degradation and recruits processing and translation factors. A new mRNA capping enzyme has been identified, PCIF1/CAPAM, which methylates adenosine when it is the first transcribed nucleotide. This discovery is crucial for understanding the function of cap adenosine methylation.
    Keywords adenosine ; messenger RNA ; methylation ; transcription (genetics) ; transferases ; translation (genetics)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-03
    Size p. 183-185.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 194220-7
    ISSN 0968-0004 ; 0376-5067
    ISSN 0968-0004 ; 0376-5067
    DOI 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.002
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: RAM is upregulated during T cell activation and is required for RNA cap formation and gene expression.

    Knop, Katarzyna / Gomez-Moreira, Carolina / Galloway, Alison / Ditsova, Dimitrinka / Cowling, Victoria H

    Discovery immunology

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) kyad021

    Abstract: On T cell activation, upregulation of gene expression produces the protein required for the differentiation and proliferation of effector cell populations. RAM (RNMT-Activating Mini protein/RAMAC/Fam103a1), the cofactor of the RNA cap methyltransferase ... ...

    Abstract On T cell activation, upregulation of gene expression produces the protein required for the differentiation and proliferation of effector cell populations. RAM (RNMT-Activating Mini protein/RAMAC/Fam103a1), the cofactor of the RNA cap methyltransferase RNMT (RNA guanosine N-7 cap methyltransferase), is upregulated following activation. Formation of the RNA cap protects RNA during synthesis and guides RNA processing and translation. Using conditional gene deletion, we found that
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2754-2483
    ISSN (online) 2754-2483
    DOI 10.1093/discim/kyad021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: mRNA cap regulation in mammalian cell function and fate.

    Galloway, Alison / Cowling, Victoria H

    Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms

    2018  Volume 1862, Issue 3, Page(s) 270–279

    Abstract: In this review we explore the regulation of mRNA cap formation and its impact on mammalian cells. The mRNA cap is a highly methylated modification of the 5' end of RNA pol II-transcribed RNA. It protects RNA from degradation, recruits complexes involved ... ...

    Abstract In this review we explore the regulation of mRNA cap formation and its impact on mammalian cells. The mRNA cap is a highly methylated modification of the 5' end of RNA pol II-transcribed RNA. It protects RNA from degradation, recruits complexes involved in RNA processing, export and translation initiation, and marks cellular mRNA as "self" to avoid recognition by the innate immune system. The mRNA cap can be viewed as a unique mark which selects RNA pol II transcripts for specific processing and translation. Over recent years, examples of regulation of mRNA cap formation have emerged, induced by oncogenes, developmental pathways and during the cell cycle. These signalling pathways regulate the rate and extent of mRNA cap formation, resulting in changes in gene expression, cell physiology and cell function.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances RNA Caps ; RNA, Messenger ; Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-) ; mRNA guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.50)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2918786-2
    ISSN 1876-4320 ; 1874-9399
    ISSN (online) 1876-4320
    ISSN 1874-9399
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.09.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and promotes ribosomal protein and histone gene expression in embryonic stem cells.

    Liang, Shang / Silva, Joana C / Suska, Olga / Lukoszek, Radoslaw / Almohammed, Rajaei / Cowling, Victoria H

    Nucleic acids research

    2022  Volume 50, Issue 5, Page(s) 2905–2922

    Abstract: CMTR1 (cap methyltransferase 1) catalyses methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide of RNAPII transcripts (N1 2'-O-Me), creating part of the mammalian RNA cap structure. In addition to marking RNA as self, N1 2'-O-Me has ill-defined roles in RNA ... ...

    Abstract CMTR1 (cap methyltransferase 1) catalyses methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide of RNAPII transcripts (N1 2'-O-Me), creating part of the mammalian RNA cap structure. In addition to marking RNA as self, N1 2'-O-Me has ill-defined roles in RNA expression and translation. Here, we investigated the gene specificity of CMTR1 and its impact on RNA expression in embryonic stem cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, CMTR1 was found to bind to transcription start sites (TSS) correlating with RNAPII levels, predominantly binding at histone genes and ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Repression of CMTR1 expression resulted in repression of RNAPII binding at the TSS and repression of RNA expression, particularly of histone and RP genes. In correlation with regulation of histones and RP genes, CMTR1 repression resulted in repression of translation and induction of DNA replication stress and damage. Indicating a direct role for CMTR1 in transcription, addition of recombinant CMTR1 to purified nuclei increased transcription of the histone and RP genes. CMTR1 was found to be upregulated during neural differentiation and there was an enhanced requirement for CMTR1 for gene expression and proliferation during this process. We highlight the distinct roles of the cap methyltransferases RNMT and CMTR1 in target gene expression and differentiation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Histones/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Mammals/genetics ; Methyltransferases ; RNA Caps/genetics ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcription, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Histones ; RNA Caps ; Ribosomal Proteins ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; RNA Polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 186809-3
    ISSN 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    ISSN (online) 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
    ISSN 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    DOI 10.1093/nar/gkac122
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: A novel RNA pol II CTD interaction site on the mRNA capping enzyme is essential for its allosteric activation.

    Bage, Marcus G / Almohammed, Rajaei / Cowling, Victoria H / Pisliakov, Andrei V

    Nucleic acids research

    2020  Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 3109–3126

    Abstract: Recruitment of the mRNA capping enzyme (CE/RNGTT) to the site of transcription is essential for the formation of the 5' mRNA cap, which in turn ensures efficient transcription, splicing, polyadenylation, nuclear export and translation of mRNA in ... ...

    Abstract Recruitment of the mRNA capping enzyme (CE/RNGTT) to the site of transcription is essential for the formation of the 5' mRNA cap, which in turn ensures efficient transcription, splicing, polyadenylation, nuclear export and translation of mRNA in eukaryotic cells. The CE GTase is recruited and activated by the Serine-5 phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Through the use of molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling techniques, we provide a systematic and detailed characterization of the human CE-CTD interface, describing the effect of the CTD phosphorylation state, length and orientation on this interaction. Our computational analyses identify novel CTD interaction sites on the human CE GTase surface and quantify their relative contributions to CTD binding. We also identify, for the first time, allosteric connections between the CE GTase active site and the CTD binding sites, allowing us to propose a mechanism for allosteric activation. Through binding and activity assays we validate the novel CTD binding sites and show that the CDS2 site is essential for CE GTase activity stimulation. Comparison of the novel sites with cocrystal structures of the CE-CTD complex in different eukaryotic taxa reveals that this interface is considerably more conserved than previous structures have indicated.
    MeSH term(s) Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Nucleotidyltransferases/chemistry ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/chemistry ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Phycodnaviridae/enzymology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Domains ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Phosphoserine (17885-08-4) ; Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-) ; RNA Polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.-) ; mRNA guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.50)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 186809-3
    ISSN 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    ISSN (online) 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
    ISSN 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    DOI 10.1093/nar/gkab130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Regulation of mRNA capping in the cell cycle.

    Aregger, Michael / Cowling, Victoria H

    RNA biology

    2016  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–14

    Abstract: The mRNA cap structure, which is added to nascent RNA pol II transcripts, recruits the protein complexes required for pre-mRNA transcript processing, mRNA export and translation initiation. The enzymes which catalyze mRNA cap synthesis are regulated by ... ...

    Abstract The mRNA cap structure, which is added to nascent RNA pol II transcripts, recruits the protein complexes required for pre-mRNA transcript processing, mRNA export and translation initiation. The enzymes which catalyze mRNA cap synthesis are regulated by cellular signaling pathways which impact on their expression, localization and activity. Here we discuss the recent observation that the mRNA cap methyltransferase, RNMT, is phosphorylated on Thr-77 by CDK1-cyclin B1, which regulates its activity and the proteins with which it interacts. RNMT Thr-77 phosphorylation provides a burst of mRNA cap methyltransferase activity during early G1 phase at a time when transcription is reactivated following completion of the cell cycle. This co-ordination of transcription and mRNA capping makes an important contribution to gene expression in the cell; preventing RNMT Thr-77 phosphorylation inhibits cell proliferation. Here we discuss these findings and how mRNA cap synthesis may be regulated in other scenarios.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Chemical Substances RNA Caps ; RNA, Messenger ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; mRNA (guanine(N7))-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.56)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1555-8584
    ISSN (online) 1555-8584
    DOI 10.1080/15476286.2016.1251540
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Myc up-regulates formation of the mRNA methyl cap.

    Cowling, Victoria H

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2010  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 1598–1601

    Abstract: The Myc proteins c-Myc and N-Myc are essential for development and tissue homoeostasis. They are up-regulated by growth factors and transmit the signal for cell growth and proliferation. Myc proteins are also prominent oncogenes in many human tumour ... ...

    Abstract The Myc proteins c-Myc and N-Myc are essential for development and tissue homoeostasis. They are up-regulated by growth factors and transmit the signal for cell growth and proliferation. Myc proteins are also prominent oncogenes in many human tumour types. Myc proteins regulate the transcription of protein-encoding mRNAs and the tRNAs and rRNA which mediate mRNA translation into protein. Myc proteins also up-regulate translation by increasing addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap (methyl cap) to the 5' end of pre-mRNA. Addition of the methyl cap increases the rate at which transcripts are translated by directing RNA modifications and translation initiation. Myc induces methyl cap formation by promoting RNA polymerase II phosphorylation which recruits the capping enzymes to RNA, and by up-regulating the enzyme SAHH (S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase), which neutralizes the inhibitory by-product of methylation reactions. Myc-induced cap methylation is a major effect of Myc function, being necessary for activated protein synthesis, cell proliferation and cell transformation. Inhibition of cap methylation is synthetic lethal with elevated Myc protein expression, which indicates the potential for cap methylation to be a therapeutic target.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA Caps/chemistry ; RNA Caps/genetics ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; RNA Caps ; RNA, Messenger ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; mRNA (guanine(N7))-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.56) ; Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-) ; mRNA guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.50)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST0381598
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: CAP-MAP: cap analysis protocol with minimal analyte processing, a rapid and sensitive approach to analysing mRNA cap structures.

    Galloway, Alison / Atrih, Abdelmadjid / Grzela, Renata / Darzynkiewicz, Edward / Ferguson, Michael A J / Cowling, Victoria H

    Open biology

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 190306

    Abstract: Eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is modified by the addition of an inverted guanosine cap to the 5' triphosphate. The cap guanosine and initial transcribed nucleotides are further methylated by a series of cap methyltransferases to generate the mature cap ...

    Abstract Eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) is modified by the addition of an inverted guanosine cap to the 5' triphosphate. The cap guanosine and initial transcribed nucleotides are further methylated by a series of cap methyltransferases to generate the mature cap structures which protect RNA from degradation and recruit proteins involved in RNA processing and translation. Research demonstrating that the cap methyltransferases are regulated has generated interest in determining the methylation status of the mRNA cap structures present in cells. Here, we present CAP-MAP: cap analysis protocol with minimal analyte processing, a rapid and sensitive method for detecting cap structures present in mRNA isolated from tissues or cultured cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Guanosine/metabolism ; Liver/chemistry ; Liver/cytology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; RNA Caps/analysis ; RNA Caps/chemistry
    Chemical Substances RNA Caps ; Guanosine (12133JR80S) ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2630944-0
    ISSN 2046-2441 ; 2046-2441
    ISSN (online) 2046-2441
    ISSN 2046-2441
    DOI 10.1098/rsob.190306
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top