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Book ; Online: Neural Circuits: Japan

Kawaguchi, Yasuo / Kano, Masanobu

2015

Abstract: This Frontiers Research Topic on 'Neural Circuits: Japan' explores the diversity of neural circuit research occurring across Japan by innovative researchers using cutting-edge approaches. This issue has brought together papers revealing the development, ... ...

Abstract	This Frontiers Research Topic on 'Neural Circuits: Japan' explores the diversity of neural circuit research occurring across Japan by innovative researchers using cutting-edge approaches. This issue has brought together papers revealing the development, structure, and physiology of neuronal circuits involved in sensory perception, sleep and wakefulness, behavioral selection, and motor command generation in a range of species from the nematode to the primate. Like the USA and Europe, Japan is now making a strong effort to elucidate neural circuit function in diverse organisms by taking advantages of optogenetics and innovative approaches for gene manipulation, traditional physiological and anatomical approaches, and neural pathway-selective inactivation techniques that have recently been developed in Japan
Keywords	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; Science (General)
Size	1 electronic resource (220 p.)
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020090528
ISBN	9782889194377 ; 288919437X
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Neural Circuit Excitability and Epileptic Seizures.

Sugaya, Yuki / Kano, Masanobu

Frontiers in neural circuits

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 781113

Abstract: Research on endocannabinoid signaling has greatly advanced our understanding of how the excitability of neural circuits is controlled in health and disease. In general, endocannabinoid signaling at excitatory synapses suppresses excitability by ... ...

Abstract	Research on endocannabinoid signaling has greatly advanced our understanding of how the excitability of neural circuits is controlled in health and disease. In general, endocannabinoid signaling at excitatory synapses suppresses excitability by inhibiting glutamate release, while that at inhibitory synapses promotes excitability by inhibiting GABA release, although there are some exceptions in genetically epileptic animal models. In the epileptic brain, the physiological distributions of endocannabinoid signaling molecules are disrupted during epileptogenesis, contributing to the occurrence of spontaneous seizures. However, it is still unknown how endocannabinoid signaling changes during seizures and how the redistribution of endocannabinoid signaling molecules proceeds during epileptogenesis. Recent development of cannabinoid sensors has enabled us to investigate endocannabinoid signaling in much greater spatial and temporal details than before. Application of cannabinoid sensors to epilepsy research has elucidated activity-dependent changes in endocannabinoid signaling during seizures. Furthermore, recent endocannabinoid research has paved the way for the clinical use of cannabidiol for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, such as Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. Cannabidiol significantly reduces seizures and is considered to have comparable tolerability to conventional antiepileptic drugs. In this article, we introduce recent advances in research on the roles of endocannabinoid signaling in epileptic seizures and discuss future directions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Cannabidiol/therapeutic use ; Endocannabinoids/therapeutic use ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Seizures/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anticonvulsants ; Endocannabinoids ; Cannabidiol (19GBJ60SN5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452968-0
ISSN	1662-5110 ; 1662-5110
ISSN (online)	1662-5110
ISSN	1662-5110
DOI	10.3389/fncir.2021.781113
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Masao Ito-A Visionary Neuroscientist with a Passion for the Cerebellum.

Nagao, Soichi / Hirai, Hirokazu / Kano, Masanobu / Yuzaki, Michisuke

Neuroscience

2021 Volume 462, Page(s) 1–3

MeSH term(s)	Cerebellum ; Emotions ; Neurosciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196739-3
ISSN	1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
ISSN (online)	1873-7544
ISSN	0306-4522
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.028
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Article ; Online: Dynamic organization of cerebellar climbing fiber response and synchrony in multiple functional components reduces dimensions for reinforcement learning.

Hoang, Huu / Tsutsumi, Shinichiro / Matsuzaki, Masanori / Kano, Masanobu / Kawato, Mitsuo / Kitamura, Kazuo / Toyama, Keisuke

eLife

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Cerebellar climbing fibers convey diverse signals, but how they are organized in the compartmental structure of the cerebellar cortex during learning remains largely unclear. We analyzed a large amount of coordinate-localized two-photon imaging data from ...

Abstract	Cerebellar climbing fibers convey diverse signals, but how they are organized in the compartmental structure of the cerebellar cortex during learning remains largely unclear. We analyzed a large amount of coordinate-localized two-photon imaging data from cerebellar Crus II in mice undergoing 'Go/No-go' reinforcement learning. Tensor component analysis revealed that a majority of climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cells were reduced to only four functional components, corresponding to accurate timing control of motor initiation related to a Go cue, cognitive error-based learning, reward processing, and inhibition of erroneous behaviors after a No-go cue. Changes in neural activities during learning of the first two components were correlated with corresponding changes in timing control and error learning across animals, indirectly suggesting causal relationships. Spatial distribution of these components coincided well with boundaries of Aldolase-C/zebrin II expression in Purkinje cells, whereas several components are mixed in single neurons. Synchronization within individual components was bidirectionally regulated according to specific task contexts and learning stages. These findings suggest that, in close collaborations with other brain regions including the inferior olive nucleus, the cerebellum, based on anatomical compartments, reduces dimensions of the learning space by dynamically organizing multiple functional components, a feature that may inspire new-generation AI designs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Learning ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Cerebellum ; Axons ; Purkinje Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.86340
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Article ; Online: mGluR1 signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells: Subcellular organization and involvement in cerebellar function and disease.

Yamasaki, Miwako / Aiba, Atsu / Kano, Masanobu / Watanabe, Masahiko

Neuropharmacology

2021 Volume 194, Page(s) 108629

Abstract: The cerebellum is essential for the control, coordination, and learning of movements, and for certain aspects of cognitive function. Purkinje cells are the sole output neurons in the cerebellar cortex and therefore play crucial roles in the diverse ... ...

Abstract	The cerebellum is essential for the control, coordination, and learning of movements, and for certain aspects of cognitive function. Purkinje cells are the sole output neurons in the cerebellar cortex and therefore play crucial roles in the diverse functions of the cerebellum. The type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is prominently enriched in Purkinje cells and triggers downstream signaling pathways that are required for functional and structural plasticity, and for synaptic responses. To understand how mGluR1 contributes to cerebellar functions, it is important to consider not only the operational properties of this receptor, but also its spatial organization and the molecular interactions that enable its proper functioning. In this review, we highlight how mGluR1 and its related signaling molecules are organized into tightly coupled microdomains to fulfill physiological functions. We also describe emerging evidence that altered mGluR1 signaling in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar dysfunction in ataxias of human patients and mouse models.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Purkinje Cells/metabolism ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synapses/ultrastructure
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	218272-5
ISSN	1873-7064 ; 0028-3908
ISSN (online)	1873-7064
ISSN	0028-3908
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108629
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Article ; Online: Control of synaptic function by endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde signaling.

Kano, Masanobu

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences

2014 Volume 90, Issue 7, Page(s) 235–250

Abstract: Since the first reports in 2001, great advances have been made towards the understanding of endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic modulation. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that one of the two major endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), ...

Abstract	Since the first reports in 2001, great advances have been made towards the understanding of endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic modulation. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that one of the two major endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is produced from membrane lipids upon postsynaptic Ca(2+) elevation and/or activation of Gq/11-coupled receptors, and released from postsynaptic neurons. The released 2-AG then acts retrogradely onto presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors and induces suppression of neurotransmitter release either transiently or persistently. These forms of 2-AG-mediated retrograde synaptic modulation are functional throughout the brain. The other major endocannabinoid, anandamide, mediates a certain form of endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (LTD). Anandamide also functions as an agonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) and mediates endocannabinoid-independent and TRPV1-dependent forms of LTD. It has also been demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system itself is plastic, which can be either up- or down-regulated by experimental or environmental conditions. In this review, I will make an overview of the mechanisms underlying endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic modulation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/physiology ; Endocannabinoids/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism ; Humans ; Long-Term Synaptic Depression/physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endocannabinoids ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; TRPV Cation Channels ; TRPV1 protein, human ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 (EC 3.6.5.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-29
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	161781-3
ISSN	1349-2896 ; 0386-2208
ISSN (online)	1349-2896
ISSN	0386-2208
DOI	10.2183/pjab.90.235
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Article ; Online: Developmental synapse remodeling in the cerebellum and visual thalamus.

Kano, Masanobu / Watanabe, Takaki

F1000Research

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Functional neural circuits of mature animals are shaped during postnatal development by eliminating early-formed redundant synapses and strengthening of necessary connections. In the nervous system of newborn animals, redundant synapses are only ... ...

Abstract	Functional neural circuits of mature animals are shaped during postnatal development by eliminating early-formed redundant synapses and strengthening of necessary connections. In the nervous system of newborn animals, redundant synapses are only transient features of the circuit. During subsequent postnatal development, some synapses are strengthened whereas other redundant connections are weakened and eventually eliminated. In this review, we introduce recent studies on the mechanisms of developmental remodeling of climbing fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum and synapses from the retina to neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus (retinogeniculate synapses). These are the two representative models of developmental synapse remodeling in the brain and they share basic principles, including dependency on neural activity. However, recent studies have disclosed that, in several respects, the two models use different molecules and strategies to establish mature synaptic connectivity. We describe similarities and differences between the two models and discuss remaining issues to be tackled in the future in order to understand the general schemes of developmental synapse remodeling.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cerebellum/growth & development ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons ; Purkinje Cells ; Retina ; Synapses/physiology ; Thalamus/growth & development
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.18903.1
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Article ; Online: Developmental synapse remodeling in the cerebellum and visual thalamus [version 1; peer review

Masanobu Kano / Takaki Watanabe

F1000Research, Vol

2 approved]

2019 Volume 8

Abstract	Functional neural circuits of mature animals are shaped during postnatal development by eliminating early-formed redundant synapses and strengthening of necessary connections. In the nervous system of newborn animals, redundant synapses are only transient features of the circuit. During subsequent postnatal development, some synapses are strengthened whereas other redundant connections are weakened and eventually eliminated. In this review, we introduce recent studies on the mechanisms of developmental remodeling of climbing fiber–to–Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum and synapses from the retina to neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus (retinogeniculate synapses). These are the two representative models of developmental synapse remodeling in the brain and they share basic principles, including dependency on neural activity. However, recent studies have disclosed that, in several respects, the two models use different molecules and strategies to establish mature synaptic connectivity. We describe similarities and differences between the two models and discuss remaining issues to be tackled in the future in order to understand the general schemes of developmental synapse remodeling.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: [Synapse elimination and functional neural circuit formation in the cerebellum].

Kano, Masanobu

Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology

2013 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 137–140

Abstract: Neuronal connections are initially redundant, but unnecessary connections are eliminated subsequently during postnatal development. This process, known as 'synapse elimination', is thought to be crucial for establishing functionally mature neural ... ...

Abstract	Neuronal connections are initially redundant, but unnecessary connections are eliminated subsequently during postnatal development. This process, known as 'synapse elimination', is thought to be crucial for establishing functionally mature neural circuits. The climbing fiber (CF) to the Purkinje cell (PC) synapse in the cerebellum is a representative model of synapse elimination. We disclose that one-to-one connection from CF to PC is established through four distinct phases: (1) strengthening of a single CF among multiple CFs in each PC at P3-P7, (2) translocation of a single strengthened CF to PC dendrites from around P9, and (3) early phase (P7 to around P11) and (4) late phase (around P12 to P17) of elimination of weak CF synapses from PC somata. Mice with PC-selective deletion of P/Q-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) exhibit severe defects in strengthening of single CFs, dendritic translocation of single CFs and CF elimination from P7. In contrast, mice with a mutation of a single allele for the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 have a selective impairment of CF elimination from P10 due to reduced inhibition and elevated Ca2+ influx to PC somata. Thus, regulation of Ca2+ influx to PCs is crucial for the four phases of CF synapse elimination.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cerebellum/growth & development ; Dendrites/physiology ; Humans ; Nerve Net/cytology ; Nerve Net/growth & development ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, GABA ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	Japanese
Publishing date	2013-06
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1285665-4
ISSN	1340-2544
ISSN	1340-2544
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Article ; Online: Combining electrophysiology and optogenetics for functional screening of pyramidal neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex.

Nagahama, Kenichiro / Fujino, Shuhei / Watanabe, Takaki / Uesaka, Naofumi / Kano, Masanobu

STAR protocols

2021 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 100469

Abstract: Here, we present a comprehensive protocol to analyze the roles of disease-related genes in synaptic transmission. We have developed a pipeline of electrophysiological techniques and combined these with optogenetics in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice. ...

Abstract	Here, we present a comprehensive protocol to analyze the roles of disease-related genes in synaptic transmission. We have developed a pipeline of electrophysiological techniques and combined these with optogenetics in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice. This methodology provides a cost-effective, faster, and easier screening approach to elucidate functional aspects of single genes in several regions in the mouse brain such as a specific layer of the mPFC. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nagahama et al. (2020) and Sacai et al. (2020).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Optogenetics ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100469
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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