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  1. Article ; Online: Scoring a HAT-Trick against Lymphoma.

    Bannard, Oliver

    Immunity

    2019  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 420–423

    Abstract: The genes encoding the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) CREBB-binding protein (CREBBP) and EP300 are commonly mutated in germinal-center-derived B cell lymphomas, and their inactivation is thought to contribute to lymphomagenesis. In this issue of ... ...

    Abstract The genes encoding the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) CREBB-binding protein (CREBBP) and EP300 are commonly mutated in germinal-center-derived B cell lymphomas, and their inactivation is thought to contribute to lymphomagenesis. In this issue of Immunity, Meyer et al. (2019) demonstrate that the somatic inactivation of one histone modifying enzyme might leave lymphomas uniquely sensitive to antagonists of the other.
    MeSH term(s) B-Lymphocytes ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Carrier Proteins ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
    Chemical Substances Carrier Proteins ; CREB-Binding Protein (EC 2.3.1.48) ; CREBBP protein, human (EC 2.3.1.48) ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein (EC 2.3.1.48) ; EP300 protein, human (EC 2.3.1.48)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Germinal centers output clonally diverse plasma cell populations expressing high- and low-affinity antibodies.

    Sprumont, Adrien / Rodrigues, Ana / McGowan, Simon J / Bannard, Colin / Bannard, Oliver

    Cell

    2023  Volume 186, Issue 25, Page(s) 5486–5499.e13

    Abstract: Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC differentiation is thought to involve stringent selection for GC B cells expressing the ... ...

    Abstract Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC differentiation is thought to involve stringent selection for GC B cells expressing the highest-affinity antigen receptors, but how this plays out during complex polyclonal responses is unclear. We combine temporal lineage tracing with antibody characterization to gain a snapshot of PCs developing during influenza infection. GCs co-mature B cell clones with antibody affinities spanning multiple orders of magnitude; however, each generates PCs with similar efficiencies, including weak binders. Within lineages, PC selection is not restricted to variants with the highest-affinity antibodies. Differentiation is commonly associated with proliferative expansion to produce "nodes" of identical PCs. Immunization-induced GCs generate fewer PCs but still of low- and high-antibody affinities. We propose that generating low-affinity antibody PCs reflects an evolutionary compromise to facilitate diverse serum antibody responses.
    MeSH term(s) Antibody Formation ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Germinal Center ; Lymph Nodes ; Plasma Cells ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Cricetinae ; Antibody Affinity ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; Cell Differentiation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Expression of the Plasma Cell Transcriptional Regulator Blimp-1 by Dark Zone Germinal Center B Cells During Periods of Proliferation.

    Radtke, Daniel / Bannard, Oliver

    Frontiers in immunology

    2019  Volume 9, Page(s) 3106

    Abstract: Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) develop in germinal centers (GCs) by the differentiation of affinity matured B cells. Antibody affinity maturation involves iterative rounds of somatic hypermutation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones (LZs), ... ...

    Abstract Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) develop in germinal centers (GCs) by the differentiation of affinity matured B cells. Antibody affinity maturation involves iterative rounds of somatic hypermutation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones (LZs), however the details of where, when and how PC commitment occurs are not well-understood. Fate bifurcation at the time of selection is one possibility, with the very highest affinity GC B cells differentiating as an alternative to DZ re-entry. However, how this model fits with a need to also retain these clones in the response is not clear. Here, we show that subsets of bona fide DZ cells express the plasma cell master regulator Blimp-1 at low levels during periods of proliferation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Clonal Evolution/genetics ; Clonal Evolution/immunology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Germinal Center/cytology ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Germinal Center/metabolism ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphocyte Activation/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Plasma Cells/cytology ; Plasma Cells/immunology ; Plasma Cells/metabolism ; Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1/genetics ; Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1 (EC 2.1.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Competition for refueling rather than cyclic reentry initiation evident in germinal centers.

    Long, Ziqi / Phillips, Bethan / Radtke, Daniel / Meyer-Hermann, Michael / Bannard, Oliver

    Science immunology

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 69, Page(s) eabm0775

    Abstract: Antibody affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers (GCs) through iterative rounds of somatic hypermutation and proliferation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones (LZs). GC B cells exit cell cycle a number of hours before entering LZs; ... ...

    Abstract Antibody affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers (GCs) through iterative rounds of somatic hypermutation and proliferation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones (LZs). GC B cells exit cell cycle a number of hours before entering LZs; therefore, continued participation in responses requires that they subsequently reenter cell cycle and move back to DZs, a process known as cyclic reentry. Affinity enhancements are thought to arise by B cells having to compete to initiate cyclic reentry each time they enter LZs, with T cell help being a major determinant; however, direct proof is lacking. Using Fucci2 mice, we confirmed an association between B cell receptor affinity and the first step of cyclic reentry, S phase initiation from a resting LZ state. However, neither T cell ablation nor MHCII deletion prevented resting LZ cells from reentering cell cycle, and this late G
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibody Affinity ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Cycle ; Germinal Center ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2470-9468
    ISSN (online) 2470-9468
    DOI 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm0775
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Germinal centers: programmed for affinity maturation and antibody diversification.

    Bannard, Oliver / Cyster, Jason G

    Current opinion in immunology

    2017  Volume 45, Page(s) 21–30

    Abstract: The seminal discovery by Eisen that antibodies undergo improvements in antigen-binding affinity over the course of an immune response led to a long running search for the underlying mechanism. Germinal centers in lymphoid organs are now recognized to be ... ...

    Abstract The seminal discovery by Eisen that antibodies undergo improvements in antigen-binding affinity over the course of an immune response led to a long running search for the underlying mechanism. Germinal centers in lymphoid organs are now recognized to be critically involved in this phenomenon, known as antibody affinity maturation. As well as improving in affinity for specific epitopes, some antibody responses maintain or even increase their breadth of antigen-recognition over time. This has led to another intense line of research aimed at understanding how broadly neutralizing anti-pathogen responses are generated. Recent work indicates that germinal centers also play an important role in the diversification process. We discuss current understanding of how germinal centers are programmed to support both affinity maturation and antibody diversification.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1035767-1
    ISSN 1879-0372 ; 0952-7915
    ISSN (online) 1879-0372
    ISSN 0952-7915
    DOI 10.1016/j.coi.2016.12.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Immunology. When less signaling is more.

    Bannard, Oliver M / Cyster, Jason G

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2012  Volume 336, Issue 6085, Page(s) 1120–1121

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 (EC 3.1.3.48) ; Ptpn6 protein, mouse (EC 3.1.3.48)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.1223811
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Germinal Center B Cells Replace Their Antigen Receptors in Dark Zones and Fail Light Zone Entry when Immunoglobulin Gene Mutations are Damaging.

    Stewart, Isabelle / Radtke, Daniel / Phillips, Bethan / McGowan, Simon J / Bannard, Oliver

    Immunity

    2018  Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 477–489.e7

    Abstract: Adaptive immunity involves the development of bespoke antibodies in germinal centers (GCs) through immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation (SHM) in GC dark zones (DZs) and clonal selection in light zones (LZs). Accurate selection requires that cells fully ... ...

    Abstract Adaptive immunity involves the development of bespoke antibodies in germinal centers (GCs) through immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation (SHM) in GC dark zones (DZs) and clonal selection in light zones (LZs). Accurate selection requires that cells fully replace surface B cell receptors (BCRs) following SHM, but whether this happens before LZ entry is not clear. We found that most GC B cells degrade pre-SHM receptors before leaving the DZ, and that B cells acquiring crippling mutations during SHM rarely reached the LZ. Instead, apoptosis was triggered preferentially in late G1, a stage wherein cells with functional BCRs re-entered cell cycle or reduced surface expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to enable LZ migration. Ectopic expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 was not sufficient for cells with damaging mutations to reach the LZ, suggesting that BCR-dependent cues may actively facilitate the transition. Thus, BCR replacement and pre-screening in DZs prevents the accumulation of clones with non-functional receptors and facilitates selection in the LZ.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated ; DNA Damage ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/genetics ; Immunoglobulins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
    Chemical Substances CXCR4 protein, mouse ; Immunoglobulins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; Bcl2 protein, mouse (114100-40-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center.

    Grootveld, Abigail K / Kyaw, Wunna / Panova, Veera / Lau, Angelica W Y / Ashwin, Emily / Seuzaret, Guillaume / Dhenni, Rama / Bhattacharyya, Nayan Deger / Khoo, Weng Hua / Biro, Maté / Mitra, Tanmay / Meyer-Hermann, Michael / Bertolino, Patrick / Tanaka, Masato / Hume, David A / Croucher, Peter I / Brink, Robert / Nguyen, Akira / Bannard, Oliver /
    Phan, Tri Giang

    Cell

    2023  Volume 186, Issue 6, Page(s) 1144–1161.e18

    Abstract: Germinal centers (GCs) that form within lymphoid follicles during antibody responses are sites of massive cell death. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are tasked with apoptotic cell clearance to prevent secondary necrosis and autoimmune activation by ... ...

    Abstract Germinal centers (GCs) that form within lymphoid follicles during antibody responses are sites of massive cell death. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are tasked with apoptotic cell clearance to prevent secondary necrosis and autoimmune activation by intracellular self antigens. We show by multiple redundant and complementary methods that TBMs derive from a lymph node-resident, CD169-lineage, CSF1R-blockade-resistant precursor that is prepositioned in the follicle. Non-migratory TBMs use cytoplasmic processes to chase and capture migrating dead cell fragments using a "lazy" search strategy. Follicular macrophages activated by the presence of nearby apoptotic cells can mature into TBMs in the absence of GCs. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a TBM cell cluster in immunized lymph nodes which upregulated genes involved in apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, apoptotic B cells in early GCs trigger activation and maturation of follicular macrophages into classical TBMs to clear apoptotic debris and prevent antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Germinal Center ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Macrophages/cytology ; Macrophages/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Secondary influenza challenge triggers resident memory B cell migration and rapid relocation to boost antibody secretion at infected sites.

    MacLean, Andrew J / Richmond, Niamh / Koneva, Lada / Attar, Moustafa / Medina, Cesar A P / Thornton, Emily E / Gomes, Ariane Cruz / El-Turabi, Aadil / Bachmann, Martin F / Rijal, Pramila / Tan, Tiong Kit / Townsend, Alain / Sansom, Stephen N / Bannard, Oliver / Arnon, Tal I

    Immunity

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 718–733.e8

    Abstract: Resident memory B (BRM) cells develop and persist in the lungs of influenza-infected mice and humans; however, their contribution to recall responses has not been defined. Here, we used two-photon microscopy to visualize BRM cells within the lungs of ... ...

    Abstract Resident memory B (BRM) cells develop and persist in the lungs of influenza-infected mice and humans; however, their contribution to recall responses has not been defined. Here, we used two-photon microscopy to visualize BRM cells within the lungs of influenza -virus immune and reinfected mice. Prior to re-exposure, BRM cells were sparsely scattered throughout the tissue, displaying limited motility. Within 24 h of rechallenge, these cells increased their migratory capacity, localized to infected sites, and subsequently differentiated into plasma cells. Alveolar macrophages mediated this process, in part by inducing expression of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 from infiltrating inflammatory cells. This led to the recruitment of chemokine receptor CXCR3-expressing BRM cells to infected regions and increased local antibody concentrations. Our study uncovers spatiotemporal mechanisms that regulate lung BRM cell reactivation and demonstrates their capacity to rapidly deliver antibodies in a highly localized manner to sites of viral replication.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Influenza, Human ; Memory B Cells ; Mice ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections
    Chemical Substances Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Reduced habit-driven errors in Parkinson's Disease.

    Bannard, Colin / Leriche, Mariana / Bandmann, Oliver / Brown, Christopher H / Ferracane, Elisa / Sánchez-Ferro, Álvaro / Obeso, José / Redgrave, Peter / Stafford, Tom

    Scientific reports

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 3423

    Abstract: Parkinson's Disease can be understood as a disorder of motor habits. A prediction of this theory is that early stage Parkinson's patients will display fewer errors caused by interference from previously over-learned behaviours. We test this prediction in ...

    Abstract Parkinson's Disease can be understood as a disorder of motor habits. A prediction of this theory is that early stage Parkinson's patients will display fewer errors caused by interference from previously over-learned behaviours. We test this prediction in the domain of skilled typing, where actions are easy to record and errors easy to identify. We describe a method for categorizing errors as simple motor errors or habit-driven errors. We test Spanish and English participants with and without Parkinson's, and show that indeed patients make fewer habit errors than healthy controls, and, further, that classification of error type increases the accuracy of discriminating between patients and healthy controls. As well as being a validation of a theory-led prediction, these results offer promise for automated, enhanced and early diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Habits ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-39294-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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