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  1. Article ; Online: Cellular control of protein levels: A systems biology perspective.

    Munro, Victoria / Kelly, Van / Messner, Christoph B / Kustatscher, Georg

    Proteomics

    2023  , Page(s) e2200220

    Abstract: How cells regulate protein levels is a central question of biology. Over the past decades, molecular biology research has provided profound insights into the mechanisms and the molecular machinery governing each step of the gene expression process, from ... ...

    Abstract How cells regulate protein levels is a central question of biology. Over the past decades, molecular biology research has provided profound insights into the mechanisms and the molecular machinery governing each step of the gene expression process, from transcription to protein degradation. Recent advances in transcriptomics and proteomics have complemented our understanding of these fundamental cellular processes with a quantitative, systems-level perspective. Multi-omic studies revealed significant quantitative, kinetic and functional differences between the genome, transcriptome and proteome. While protein levels often correlate with mRNA levels, quantitative investigations have demonstrated a substantial impact of translation and protein degradation on protein expression control. In addition, protein-level regulation appears to play a crucial role in buffering protein abundances against undesirable mRNA expression variation. These findings have practical implications for many fields, including gene function prediction and precision medicine.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2032093-0
    ISSN 1615-9861 ; 1615-9853
    ISSN (online) 1615-9861
    ISSN 1615-9853
    DOI 10.1002/pmic.202200220
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  2. Article ; Online: Determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young people: Maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors.

    Nairz, Johannes / Messner, Alex / Kiechl, Sophia J / Winder, Bernhard / Hochmayr, Christoph / Egger, Alexander E / Griesmacher, Andrea / Geiger, Ralf / Griesmaier, Elke / Pechlaner, Raimund / Knoflach, Michael / Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0298800

    Abstract: ... indirect effect b = 1.18, 95% CI [0.69, 1.77]).: Conclusion: Components of the metabolic syndrome were ...

    Abstract Aim: To assess the impact of maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a cohort of 14- to 19-year-old adolescents.
    Methods: This study is part of the Early Vascular Ageing in the YOUth study, a single-center cross-sectional study conducted in western Austria. Maternal and neonatal factors were extracted from the mother-child booklet, adolescent factors were evaluated by a face-to-face interview, physical examination, and fasting blood analyses. Liver fat content was assessed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using signals acquired by FibroScan® (Echosense, Paris, France). The association of maternal, neonatal, and adolescent factors with CAP values was analyzed using linear regression models.
    Results: In total, 595 adolescents (27.2% male) aged 17.0 ± 1.3 years were included. 4.9% (n = 29) showed manifest NAFLD with CAP values above the 90th percentile. Male sex (p < 0.001), adolescent triglyceride levels (p = 0.021), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index and BMI z-score (p < 0.001, each) showed a significant association with liver fat content in the multivariable analysis. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with CAP values after adjustment for sex, age, and birth weight for gestational age (p < 0.001), but this association was predominantly mediated by adolescent BMI (indirect effect b = 1.18, 95% CI [0.69, 1.77]).
    Conclusion: Components of the metabolic syndrome were the most important predictors of adolescent liver fat content. Therefore, prevention of NAFLD should focus on lifestyle modification in childhood and adolescence.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Insulin Resistance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0298800
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  3. Article ; Online: Global analysis of cytosine and adenine DNA modifications across the tree of life.

    Varma, Sreejith Jayasree / Calvani, Enrica / Grüning, Nana-Maria / Messner, Christoph B / Grayson, Nicholas / Capuano, Floriana / Mülleder, Michael / Ralser, Markus

    eLife

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Interpreting the function and metabolism of enzymatic DNA modifications requires both position-specific and global quantities. Sequencing-based techniques that deliver the former have become broadly accessible, but analytical methods for the global ... ...

    Abstract Interpreting the function and metabolism of enzymatic DNA modifications requires both position-specific and global quantities. Sequencing-based techniques that deliver the former have become broadly accessible, but analytical methods for the global quantification of DNA modifications have thus far been applied mostly to individual problems. We established a mass spectrometric method for the sensitive and accurate quantification of multiple enzymatic DNA modifications. Then, we isolated DNA from 124 archean, bacterial, fungal, plant, and mammalian species, and several tissues and created a resource of global DNA modification quantities. Our dataset provides insights into the general nature of enzymatic DNA modifications, reveals unique biological cases, and provides complementary quantitative information to normalize and assess the accuracy of sequencing-based detection of DNA modifications. We report that only three of the studied DNA modifications, methylcytosine (5mdC), methyladenine (N6mdA) and hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmdC), were detected above a picomolar detection limit across species, and dominated in higher eukaryotes (5mdC), in bacteria (N6mdA), or the vertebrate central nervous systems (5hmdC). All three modifications were detected simultaneously in only one of the tested species,
    MeSH term(s) 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Adenine/metabolism ; Animals ; Cytosine/chemistry ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Eukaryota/genetics ; Mammals/genetics
    Chemical Substances 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H) ; Cytosine (8J337D1HZY) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Adenine (JAC85A2161)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.81002
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  4. Article ; Online: Mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics and its role in biomedical studies and systems biology.

    Messner, Christoph B / Demichev, Vadim / Wang, Ziyue / Hartl, Johannes / Kustatscher, Georg / Mülleder, Michael / Ralser, Markus

    Proteomics

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 7-8, Page(s) e2200013

    Abstract: There are multiple reasons why the next generation of biological and medical studies require increasing numbers of samples. Biological systems are dynamic, and the effect of a perturbation depends on the genetic background and environment. As a ... ...

    Abstract There are multiple reasons why the next generation of biological and medical studies require increasing numbers of samples. Biological systems are dynamic, and the effect of a perturbation depends on the genetic background and environment. As a consequence, many conditions need to be considered to reach generalizable conclusions. Moreover, human population and clinical studies only reach sufficient statistical power if conducted at scale and with precise measurement methods. Finally, many proteins remain without sufficient functional annotations, because they have not been systematically studied under a broad range of conditions. In this review, we discuss the latest technical developments in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics that facilitate large-scale studies by fast and efficient chromatography, fast scanning mass spectrometers, data-independent acquisition (DIA), and new software. We further highlight recent studies which demonstrate how high-throughput (HT) proteomics can be applied to capture biological diversity, to annotate gene functions or to generate predictive and prognostic models for human diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Proteomics/methods ; Systems Biology ; Proteins/analysis ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Software
    Chemical Substances Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2032093-0
    ISSN 1615-9861 ; 1615-9853
    ISSN (online) 1615-9861
    ISSN 1615-9853
    DOI 10.1002/pmic.202200013
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  5. Article ; Online: Cysteine and iron accelerate the formation of ribose-5-phosphate, providing insights into the evolutionary origins of the metabolic network structure.

    Piedrafita, Gabriel / Varma, Sreejith J / Castro, Cecilia / Messner, Christoph B / Szyrwiel, Lukasz / Griffin, Julian L / Ralser, Markus

    PLoS biology

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 12, Page(s) e3001468

    Abstract: The structure of the metabolic network is highly conserved, but we know little about its evolutionary origins. Key for explaining the early evolution of metabolism is solving a chicken-egg dilemma, which describes that enzymes are made from the very same ...

    Abstract The structure of the metabolic network is highly conserved, but we know little about its evolutionary origins. Key for explaining the early evolution of metabolism is solving a chicken-egg dilemma, which describes that enzymes are made from the very same molecules they produce. The recent discovery of several nonenzymatic reaction sequences that topologically resemble central metabolism has provided experimental support for a "metabolism first" theory, in which at least part of the extant metabolic network emerged on the basis of nonenzymatic reactions. But how could evolution kick-start on the basis of a metal catalyzed reaction sequence, and how could the structure of nonenzymatic reaction sequences be imprinted on the metabolic network to remain conserved for billions of years? We performed an in vitro screening where we add the simplest components of metabolic enzymes, proteinogenic amino acids, to a nonenzymatic, iron-driven reaction network that resembles glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We observe that the presence of the amino acids enhanced several of the nonenzymatic reactions. Particular attention was triggered by a reaction that resembles a rate-limiting step in the oxidative PPP. A prebiotically available, proteinogenic amino acid cysteine accelerated the formation of RNA nucleoside precursor ribose-5-phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate. We report that iron and cysteine interact and have additive effects on the reaction rate so that ribose-5-phosphate forms at high specificity under mild, metabolism typical temperature and environmental conditions. We speculate that accelerating effects of amino acids on rate-limiting nonenzymatic reactions could have facilitated a stepwise enzymatization of nonenzymatic reaction sequences, imprinting their structure on the evolving metabolic network.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis/physiology ; Iron/chemistry ; Iron/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/physiology ; Origin of Life ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway/genetics ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway/physiology ; Ribosemonophosphates/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Ribosemonophosphates ; ribose-5-phosphate (4B2428FLTO) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Cysteine (K848JZ4886)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2126776-5
    ISSN 1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
    ISSN (online) 1545-7885
    ISSN 1544-9173
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001468
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  6. Article ; Online: DIA-NN: neural networks and interference correction enable deep proteome coverage in high throughput.

    Demichev, Vadim / Messner, Christoph B / Vernardis, Spyros I / Lilley, Kathryn S / Ralser, Markus

    Nature methods

    2019  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–44

    Abstract: We present an easy-to-use integrated software suite, DIA-NN, that exploits deep neural networks and new quantification and signal correction strategies for the processing of data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics experiments. DIA-NN improves the ... ...

    Abstract We present an easy-to-use integrated software suite, DIA-NN, that exploits deep neural networks and new quantification and signal correction strategies for the processing of data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics experiments. DIA-NN improves the identification and quantification performance in conventional DIA proteomic applications, and is particularly beneficial for high-throughput applications, as it is fast and enables deep and confident proteome coverage when used in combination with fast chromatographic methods.
    MeSH term(s) HeLa Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Proteome/analysis ; Proteomics/methods ; Software ; Species Specificity ; Zea mays/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proteome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2169522-2
    ISSN 1548-7105 ; 1548-7091
    ISSN (online) 1548-7105
    ISSN 1548-7091
    DOI 10.1038/s41592-019-0638-x
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  7. Article ; Online: The proteomic landscape of genome-wide genetic perturbations.

    Messner, Christoph B / Demichev, Vadim / Muenzner, Julia / Aulakh, Simran K / Barthel, Natalie / Röhl, Annika / Herrera-Domínguez, Lucía / Egger, Anna-Sophia / Kamrad, Stephan / Hou, Jing / Tan, Guihong / Lemke, Oliver / Calvani, Enrica / Szyrwiel, Lukasz / Mülleder, Michael / Lilley, Kathryn S / Boone, Charles / Kustatscher, Georg / Ralser, Markus

    Cell

    2023  Volume 186, Issue 9, Page(s) 2018–2034.e21

    Abstract: Functional genomic strategies have become fundamental for annotating gene function and regulatory networks. Here, we combined functional genomics with proteomics by quantifying protein abundances in a genome-scale knockout library in Saccharomyces ... ...

    Abstract Functional genomic strategies have become fundamental for annotating gene function and regulatory networks. Here, we combined functional genomics with proteomics by quantifying protein abundances in a genome-scale knockout library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. We find that global protein expression is driven by a complex interplay of (1) general biological properties, including translation rate, protein turnover, the formation of protein complexes, growth rate, and genome architecture, followed by (2) functional properties, such as the connectivity of a protein in genetic, metabolic, and physical interaction networks. Moreover, we show that functional proteomics complements current gene annotation strategies through the assessment of proteome profile similarity, protein covariation, and reverse proteome profiling. Thus, our study reveals principles that govern protein expression and provides a genome-spanning resource for functional annotation.
    MeSH term(s) Proteomics/methods ; Proteome/metabolism ; Genomics/methods ; Genome ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proteome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.026
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  8. Article ; Online: Oxonium ion scanning mass spectrometry for large-scale plasma glycoproteomics.

    White, Matthew E H / Sinn, Ludwig R / Jones, D Marc / de Folter, Joost / Aulakh, Simran Kaur / Wang, Ziyue / Flynn, Helen R / Krüger, Lynn / Tober-Lau, Pinkus / Demichev, Vadim / Kurth, Florian / Mülleder, Michael / Blanchard, Véronique / Messner, Christoph B / Ralser, Markus

    Nature biomedical engineering

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–247

    Abstract: Protein glycosylation, a complex and heterogeneous post-translational modification that is frequently dysregulated in disease, has been difficult to analyse at scale. Here we report a data-independent acquisition technique for the large-scale mass- ... ...

    Abstract Protein glycosylation, a complex and heterogeneous post-translational modification that is frequently dysregulated in disease, has been difficult to analyse at scale. Here we report a data-independent acquisition technique for the large-scale mass-spectrometric quantification of glycopeptides in plasma samples. The technique, which we named 'OxoScan-MS', identifies oxonium ions as glycopeptide fragments and exploits a sliding-quadrupole dimension to generate comprehensive and untargeted oxonium ion maps of precursor masses assigned to fragment ions from non-enriched plasma samples. By applying OxoScan-MS to quantify 1,002 glycopeptide features in the plasma glycoproteomes from patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, we found that severe COVID-19 induces differential glycosylation in IgA, haptoglobin, transferrin and other disease-relevant plasma glycoproteins. OxoScan-MS may allow for the quantitative mapping of glycoproteomes at the scale of hundreds to thousands of samples.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Glycosylation ; Glycopeptides/analysis ; Glycopeptides/chemistry ; Glycopeptides/metabolism ; Ions ; COVID-19
    Chemical Substances Glycopeptides ; Ions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2157-846X
    ISSN (online) 2157-846X
    DOI 10.1038/s41551-023-01067-5
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  9. Article ; Online: Inorganic sulfur fixation via a new homocysteine synthase allows yeast cells to cooperatively compensate for methionine auxotrophy.

    Yu, Jason S L / Heineike, Benjamin M / Hartl, Johannes / Aulakh, Simran K / Correia-Melo, Clara / Lehmann, Andrea / Lemke, Oliver / Agostini, Federica / Lee, Cory T / Demichev, Vadim / Messner, Christoph B / Mülleder, Michael / Ralser, Markus

    PLoS biology

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 12, Page(s) e3001912

    Abstract: The assimilation, incorporation, and metabolism of sulfur is a fundamental process across all domains of life, yet how cells deal with varying sulfur availability is not well understood. We studied an unresolved conundrum of sulfur fixation in yeast, in ... ...

    Abstract The assimilation, incorporation, and metabolism of sulfur is a fundamental process across all domains of life, yet how cells deal with varying sulfur availability is not well understood. We studied an unresolved conundrum of sulfur fixation in yeast, in which organosulfur auxotrophy caused by deletion of the homocysteine synthase Met17p is overcome when cells are inoculated at high cell density. In combining the use of self-establishing metabolically cooperating (SeMeCo) communities with proteomic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we discovered an uncharacterized gene product YLL058Wp, herein named Hydrogen Sulfide Utilizing-1 (HSU1). Hsu1p acts as a homocysteine synthase and allows the cells to substitute for Met17p by reassimilating hydrosulfide ions leaked from met17Δ cells into O-acetyl-homoserine and forming homocysteine. Our results show that cells can cooperate to achieve sulfur fixation, indicating that the collective properties of microbial communities facilitate their basic metabolic capacity to overcome sulfur limitation.
    MeSH term(s) Cysteine/metabolism ; Cysteine Synthase/genetics ; Cysteine Synthase/metabolism ; Methionine/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Racemethionine ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cysteine (K848JZ4886) ; Cysteine Synthase (EC 2.5.1.47) ; MET17 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.5.1.47) ; Methionine (AE28F7PNPL) ; O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase (EC 2.5.1.47) ; Racemethionine (73JWT2K6T3) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; YLL058W protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.5.1.48)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2126776-5
    ISSN 1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
    ISSN (online) 1545-7885
    ISSN 1544-9173
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001912
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  10. Article ; Online: An Atraumatic Mock Loop for Realistic Hemocompatibility Assessment of Blood Pumps.

    Bender, Moritz / Escher, Andreas / Messner, Barbara / Rohrich, Michael / Fischer, Michael Bernhard / Hametner, Christoph / Laufer, Gunther / Kertzscher, Ulrich / Zimpfer, Daniel / Jakubek, Stefan / Granegger, Marcus

    IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering

    2024  Volume 71, Issue 5, Page(s) 1651–1662

    Abstract: Objective: Conventional mock circulatory loops (MCLs) cannot replicate realistic hemodynamic conditions without inducing blood trauma. This constrains in-vitro hemocompatibility examinations of blood pumps to static test loops that do not mimic clinical ...

    Abstract Objective: Conventional mock circulatory loops (MCLs) cannot replicate realistic hemodynamic conditions without inducing blood trauma. This constrains in-vitro hemocompatibility examinations of blood pumps to static test loops that do not mimic clinical scenarios. This study aimed at developing an atraumatic MCL based on a hardware-in-the-loop concept (H-MCL) for realistic hemocompatibility assessment.
    Methods: The H-MCL was designed for 450 ± 50 ml of blood with the polycarbonate reservoirs, the silicone/polyvinyl-chloride tubing, and the blood pump under investigation as the sole blood-contacting components. To account for inherent coupling effects a decoupling pressure control was derived by feedback linearization, whereas the level control was addressed by an optimization task to overcome periodic loss of controllability. The HeartMate 3 was showcased to evaluate the H-MCL's accuracy at typical hemodynamic conditions. To verify the atraumatic properties of the H-MCL, hemolysis (bovine blood, n = 6) was evaluated using the H-MCL in both inactive (static) and active (minor pulsatility) mode, and compared to results achieved in conventional loops.
    Results: Typical hemodynamic scenarios were replicated with marginal coupling effects and root mean square error (RMSE) below 1.74 ± 1.37 mmHg while the fluid level remained within ±4% of its target value. The normalized indices of hemolysis (NIH) for the inactive H-MCL showed no significant differences to conventional loops ( ∆NIH = -1.6 mg/100 L). Further, no significant difference was evident between the active and inactive mode in the H-MCL ( ∆NIH = +0.3 mg/100 L).
    Conclusion and significance: Collectively, these findings indicated the H-MCL's potential for in-vitro hemocompatibility assessment of blood pumps within realistic hemodynamic conditions, eliminating inherent setup-related risks for blood trauma.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Heart-Assist Devices ; Hemolysis/physiology ; Cattle ; Equipment Design ; Hemodynamics/physiology ; Materials Testing/methods ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 160429-6
    ISSN 1558-2531 ; 0018-9294
    ISSN (online) 1558-2531
    ISSN 0018-9294
    DOI 10.1109/TBME.2023.3346206
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