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  1. Article ; Online: Digit Ratio (2D:4D; Right-Left 2D:4D) and Multiple Phenotypes for Same-Sex Attraction: The BBC Internet Study Revisited.

    Manning, John T / Fink, Bernhard / Trivers, Robert

    Archives of sexual behavior

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 213–222

    Abstract: Same-sex attraction may be linked to low prenatal androgen (in men) and high prenatal androgen (in women). Digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal androgen and right-left 2D:4D (Dr-l) to reflect lateralized differences in ... ...

    Abstract Same-sex attraction may be linked to low prenatal androgen (in men) and high prenatal androgen (in women). Digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal androgen and right-left 2D:4D (Dr-l) to reflect lateralized differences in sensitivity to prenatal androgen. Lower 2D:4D has been reported for lesbians compared to heterosexuals, but links to high 2D:4D in gay men are less clear. The largest study thus far (the BBC Internet study) found no significant difference between the 2D:4D of lesbians and heterosexual women but a higher 2D:4D in gay men compared to heterosexual men. Here we consider the possibility that low and high prenatal androgen is associated with same-sex attraction in men (n = 108,779) and women (n = 87,742), resulting in more than two phenotypes. We examined the associations between 2D:4D, Dr-l, and same-sex attraction scores in the BBC Internet study. In contrast to the earlier report, which considered sexual orientation in categories, there were positive linear associations in men (right and left 2D:4D, but not Dr-l) and negative linear associations in women (right 2D:4D and Dr-l, but not left 2D:4D). There were no curvilinear relationships for right and left 2D:4D. However, Dr-l showed a U-shaped association with same-sex attraction in men. Thus, (1) high prenatal androgen may be implicated in female homosexuality, while both low and high prenatal androgen may be implicated in male homosexuality, and (2) large side differences in sensitivity to androgen may be associated with elevated same-sex attraction in men.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Digit Ratios ; Androgens ; Fingers/anatomy & histology ; Sexual Behavior ; Homosexuality, Male ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances Androgens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184221-3
    ISSN 1573-2800 ; 0004-0002
    ISSN (online) 1573-2800
    ISSN 0004-0002
    DOI 10.1007/s10508-023-02703-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The associations between digit ratio (2D:4D and right - left 2D:4D), maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory thresholds in professional male football players.

    Parpa, Koulla / Manning, John T / Kobus, Magdalena / Mason, Laura / Michaelides, Marcos

    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council

    2024  , Page(s) e24047

    Abstract: Introduction: Digit ratio (2D:4D: the relative length of the 2nd and 4th digit) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone. The 2D:4D is related to oxygen metabolism, but the precise nature of this relationship is unclear. The ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Digit ratio (2D:4D: the relative length of the 2nd and 4th digit) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone. The 2D:4D is related to oxygen metabolism, but the precise nature of this relationship is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to consider associations between digit ratios (right 2D:4D, left 2D:4D, right-left 2D:4D [Dr-l]) and VO
    Methods: One hundred and thirty-three Caucasian (n = 133) professional football players competing in Cyprus participated in the study. Players underwent anthropometric measurements, and digit lengths were measured from hand scans. They also completed an incremental cardiopulmonary test to exhaustion on a treadmill.
    Results: There were negative correlations between digit ratios and VO
    Conclusion: Our findings may help clarify the relationships between digit ratios and high-intensity actions for extended periods, which are dependent on efficient oxygen metabolism.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025339-7
    ISSN 1520-6300 ; 1042-0533
    ISSN (online) 1520-6300
    ISSN 1042-0533
    DOI 10.1002/ajhb.24047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Is digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker for lactate? Evidence from a cardiopulmonary test on professional male footballers.

    Manning, John T / Parpa, Koulla / Kobus, Magdalena / Mason, Laura / Michaelides, Marcos

    Early human development

    2024  Volume 192, Page(s) 105994

    Abstract: Background: Lactate accumulation is associated with vigorous exercise, cardiovascular disease and a number of cancers. Digit ratio (2D:4D) has also been linked to oxygen metabolism, myocardial infarction and various cancers. Such similarities suggest ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lactate accumulation is associated with vigorous exercise, cardiovascular disease and a number of cancers. Digit ratio (2D:4D) has also been linked to oxygen metabolism, myocardial infarction and various cancers. Such similarities suggest the possibility that 2D:4D is a biomarker of lactate. Here, we consider the relationship between 2D:4D and lactate during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test.
    Method: The participants were male professional football players. The treadmill test began at a speed of 8 km/h when the first lactate measurement was taken. The speed was increased by 2 km/h every 3.15 min, with measurements at 10, 12, 14 and 16 km/h.
    Results: There were 72 Caucasian and 7 Black participants, results are reported for the most numerous group. Lactate levels increased with running speed and were not correlated with age, body size or body composition. Median splits of digit ratios (right, left and right-left 2D:4D [Dr-l]) were calculated. In comparison to the Low ratio group, the High ratio group showed higher lactate levels across speeds. Effect sizes varied from very large to huge (right 2D:4D), large (left 2D:4D) and medium (Dr-l). At the individual level, positive correlations between digit ratios and lactate at the five different speeds varied from large (right 2D:4D), medium (left 2D:4D) and small (Dr-l).
    Conclusion: There were large positive associations between right 2D:4D and lactate at all running speeds. We discuss our findings in relation to oxygen metabolism and suggest that 2D:4D may be a biomarker for lactate in the wider context of the latter's importance in health and disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-28
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105994
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: PRENATAL SEX STEROIDS AND TRANSGENDER IDENTITY: IS THERE A LINK WITH DIGIT RATIO?

    Manning, John T

    Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

    2017  Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 738–740

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Testosterone ; Transgender Persons ; Transsexualism
    Chemical Substances Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1473503-9
    ISSN 1530-891X
    ISSN 1530-891X
    DOI 10.4158/EP171843.CO
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Evidence for (mis-)understanding or obfuscation in the COVID-19 and digit ratio relationship? A reply to Jones et al.

    Manning, John T / Fink, Bernhard

    Early human development

    2020  Volume 148, Page(s) 105100

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-03
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105100
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Development of reverse genetics system for Guanarito virus: substitution of E1497K in the L protein of Guanarito virus S-26764 strain changes plaque phenotype and growth kinetics.

    Taniguchi, Satoshi / Maruyama, Junki / Saito, Takeshi / Littlefield, Kirsten / Reyna, Rachel A / Manning, John T / Huang, Cheng / Saijo, Masayuki / Paessler, Slobodan

    Journal of virology

    2024  Volume 98, Issue 2, Page(s) e0196423

    Abstract: Guanarito virus (GTOV) is the causative agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. GTOV belongs to the ... ...

    Abstract Guanarito virus (GTOV) is the causative agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. GTOV belongs to the genus
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Arenaviridae/genetics ; Arenaviridae Infections/virology ; Arenaviruses, New World/genetics ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/virology ; Phenotype ; Reverse Genetics/methods ; Vaccines ; Vero Cells
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/jvi.01964-23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Sex differences in the relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and national case fatality rates for COVID-19: A reply to Sahin (2020).

    Manning, John T / Fink, Bernhard

    Early human development

    2020  Volume 148, Page(s) 105120

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Characteristics
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-06
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Parental Income and the Sexual Behavior of Their Adult Children: A Trivers-Willard Perspective.

    Manning, John T / Fink, Bernhard / Trivers, Robert

    Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 14747049221142858

    Abstract: Parental income is negatively and linearly related to the digit ratio (2D:4D; a proxy for prenatal sex steroids) of their children. Children of parents with high income are thought to be exposed to higher prenatal testosterone and develop lower 2D:4D. It ...

    Abstract Parental income is negatively and linearly related to the digit ratio (2D:4D; a proxy for prenatal sex steroids) of their children. Children of parents with high income are thought to be exposed to higher prenatal testosterone and develop lower 2D:4D. It is further hypothesized that 2D:4D relates to sexual orientation, although it is unclear whether the association is linear or curvilinear. Here, we consider patterns of parental income and its association with the sexual behavior of their adult children in a large online study (the BBC internet study). There were curvilinear relationships with parental income in male and female children. The highest frequencies of homosexuality and bisexuality were found in the lowest income group (bottom 25% of the population), the lowest frequencies in the income group representing the upper 50% of the population, and intermediate values in the other groups (low 50% and top 25% of the population). Parental income showed a U-shaped association with scores for same-sex attraction and an inverted U-shaped association with opposite-sex attraction. Thus, for the first time, we show that same-sex attraction is related to parental income. The curvilinear relationship between parental income and sexual behavior in their adult children may result from an association between very high fetal estrogen or testosterone and attraction to partners of the same sex. Among non-heterosexuals, and in both sexes, very high fetal estrogen may be associated with femme or submissive sexual roles, and very high fetal testosterone with butch and assertive sexual roles.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Adult Children ; Fingers ; Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone ; Estrogens ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Estrogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2118532-3
    ISSN 1474-7049 ; 1474-7049
    ISSN (online) 1474-7049
    ISSN 1474-7049
    DOI 10.1177/14747049221142858
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates.

    Manning, John T / Fink, Bernhard

    Early human development

    2020  Volume 146, Page(s) 105074

    Abstract: Background: The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < ...

    Abstract Background: The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen).
    Aim: To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs.
    Study design: COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study).
    Subjects: 103,482 men and 83,366 women.
    Outcome measures: Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries.
    Results: Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths.
    Conclusions: At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/ethnology ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Fingers/anatomy & histology ; Fingers/growth & development ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; Sex Factors
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-14
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105074
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Understanding COVID-19: A hypothesis regarding digit ratio (2D:4D), ACE I/D polymorphism, oxygen metabolism and national case fatality rates.

    Manning, John T / Fink, Bernhard

    Early human development

    2020  Volume 151, Page(s) 105161

    Abstract: Objective: Male digit ratio (2D:4D) correlates positively with the national case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 may be influenced by a counterbalance between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Male digit ratio (2D:4D) correlates positively with the national case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 may be influenced by a counterbalance between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SARS-CoV2 cleaves with ACE2 and enters cells leaving an unopposed effect of ACE in the lungs. Both 2D:4D and the ACE I/D polymorphism are covariates of oxygen metabolism. COVID-19 leads to lung damage and a reduction in oxygen saturation of the blood. Here, we examine the interrelationships between 2D:4D, ACE polymorphism, and COVID-19 CFR.
    Methods: National frequencies/rates were obtained for 2D:4D from the BBC Internet study (n = 41), published values of ACE I/II (n = 39), and COVID-19 CFR from three World Health Organization situation reports (n = 41).
    Results: 2D:4D was negatively associated with national ACE I/II frequencies. However, there was a positive relationship between male 2D:4D and CFR (right and left 2D:4D, two, and three situation reports respectively). The relationships between ACE I/II and CFR were non-significant. Relationships between male 2D:4D and CFR's were independent of female 2D:4D and ACE I/II.
    Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism may influence 2D:4D such that ACE II individuals have lower 2D:4D than ACE DD individuals. Low 2D:4D and ACE II individuals show efficient oxygen metabolism. Therefore, low 2D:4D and ACE II together may protect against COVID-19 severity. The sex-dependent positive correlation between male 2D:4D and CFR is independent of ACE I/II, suggesting that the sex-dependent variation in the ACE2 gene may also influence the 2D:4D phenotype.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Female ; Fingers ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption/genetics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-19
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105161
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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