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  1. Article ; Online: Need of the hour: Dental stewardship.

    Cheema, Ritu

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 869–870

    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2021.156
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Understanding Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2.

    Cheema, Ritu / Blumberg, Dean A

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 5

    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted millions of lives worldwide. Molecular assays and serological tests have been approved under EUA (emergency use authorization) by the FDA (food and drug administration), given these unprecedented times. These tests ... ...

    Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted millions of lives worldwide. Molecular assays and serological tests have been approved under EUA (emergency use authorization) by the FDA (food and drug administration), given these unprecedented times. These tests are not only critical for confirming the clinical diagnosis and making therapeutic decisions but also play an important role in the understanding of the epidemiology of the pandemic. There is limited experience with currently available tests and differences may exist among tests even using similar technology. The focus of this review is to improve clinicians' understanding of SARS-CoV-2 test procedures including their limitations. We discuss the impact of different host and environmental factors on test results.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children8050355
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Rothia mucilaginosa

    Robertson, Rachel Dena / Panigrahi, Arun / Cheema, Ritu

    SAGE open medical case reports

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) 2050313X211063745

    Abstract: Infections ... ...

    Abstract Infections with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2736953-5
    ISSN 2050-313X
    ISSN 2050-313X
    DOI 10.1177/2050313X211063745
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Need for heightening awareness of congenital rubella syndrome in the United States.

    Gupta, Aditi Mahesh / Cheema, Ritu

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 10, Page(s) 1206–1207

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Afghanistan ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Rubella/diagnosis ; Rubella/prevention & control ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/physiopathology ; Rubella Vaccine/immunology ; United States
    Chemical Substances Rubella Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2019.214
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: bacteremia, meningitis leading to diffuse cerebritis in an adolescent patient undergoing acute myeloid leukemia chemotherapy causing significant morbidity

    Rachel Dena Robertson / Arun Panigrahi / Ritu Cheema

    SAGE Open Medical Case Reports, Vol

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: Infections with Rothia mucilaginosa are rare. We present an unusual case of Rothia mucilaginosa in an immunocompromised host, which is usually considered a low virulence pathogen. The objective of this report is to highlight spectrum of clinical ... ...

    Abstract Infections with Rothia mucilaginosa are rare. We present an unusual case of Rothia mucilaginosa in an immunocompromised host, which is usually considered a low virulence pathogen. The objective of this report is to highlight spectrum of clinical presentations in an immunocompromised individual and discuss various antimicrobial treatment options in the light of lack of definitive treatment guidelines for this organism.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Case Report: Paradoxical Inflammatory Response Syndrome in a Previously Healthy, HIV-Negative, Pediatric Patient With

    Cheng, Jessica H / Cheema, Ritu / Williamson, Peter R / Dimitriades, Victoria R

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) 703895

    Abstract: The immunological response of patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM), particularly those not known to be immunocompromised, has generated an increased interest recently. Although CM is an infection with significant rates of morbidity and mortality, ... ...

    Abstract The immunological response of patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM), particularly those not known to be immunocompromised, has generated an increased interest recently. Although CM is an infection with significant rates of morbidity and mortality, its sequelae may also include a post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) in patients who have already achieved microbiological control. PIIRS can cause substantial immune-mediated damage to the central nervous system resulting in long-term neurological disability or even death. Steroids have been used successfully in the management of PIIRS in adults. In this report, we present the case of a previously healthy adolescent male with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2021.703895
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Vaccination and treatment options for SARS-CoV2 infection affecting lactation and breastfeeding.

    Chen, Melissa J / Cheema, Ritu / Hoyt-Austin, Adrienne / Agnoli, Alicia / Kuhn-Riordon, Kara / Kair, Laura R

    Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 101425

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed considerable challenges to the health of lactating individuals. Vaccination remains one of the most important strategies for prevention of moderate to severe COVID-19 infection and is associated with protective benefits ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has posed considerable challenges to the health of lactating individuals. Vaccination remains one of the most important strategies for prevention of moderate to severe COVID-19 infection and is associated with protective benefits for lactating individuals and their breastfed infants with overall mild side effects. The current recommendations for COVID-19 treatment in lactating individuals includes remdesivir and dexamethasone for hospitalized patients and Paxlovid® (nirmatrelavir + ritonavir) as outpatient treatment in those with mild disease. As the pandemic continues to evolve with new COVID-19 variants, alternative therapeutic options are potentially needed, and it is critical to include lactating individuals in research to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 treatment options in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Breast Feeding ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment/adverse effects ; Lactation ; Pandemics ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances nirmatrelvir and ritonavir drug combination ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2174416-6
    ISSN 1878-0946 ; 1744-165X
    ISSN (online) 1878-0946
    ISSN 1744-165X
    DOI 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101425
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neonatal COVID-19: A 2021 Update.

    Sankaran, Deepika / Nakra, Natasha / Cheema, Ritu / Blumberg, Dean / Lakshminrusimha, Satyan

    NeoReviews

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 5, Page(s) e284–e295

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept across the world like an indiscriminating wildfire. Pregnant women and neonates are particularly vulnerable to this infection ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept across the world like an indiscriminating wildfire. Pregnant women and neonates are particularly vulnerable to this infection compared with older children and healthy young adults, with unique challenges in their management. Unfamiliarity with the consequences of this novel virus and lack of high-quality data led to considerable heterogeneity in obstetrical and neonatal management early in the pandemic. The aim of the this review is to summarize the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy and childbirth and to examine care and possible outcomes for neonates with Covid-19-positive mothers. A brief review of vaccines currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for emergency use and their potential effects on pregnant and lactating women in included.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1526-9906
    ISSN (online) 1526-9906
    DOI 10.1542/neo.22-5-e1001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Evaluation of Seasonal Respiratory Virus Activity Before and After the Statewide COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place Order in Northern California.

    Partridge, Elizabeth / McCleery, Ellen / Cheema, Ritu / Nakra, Natasha / Lakshminrusimha, Satyan / Tancredi, Daniel J / Blumberg, Dean A

    JAMA network open

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e2035281

    Abstract: Importance: Public health initiatives that include shelter-in-place orders are expensive and unpopular. Demonstrating the success of these initiatives is essential to justify their systemic or individual cost.: Objective: To examine the association ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Public health initiatives that include shelter-in-place orders are expensive and unpopular. Demonstrating the success of these initiatives is essential to justify their systemic or individual cost.
    Objective: To examine the association of a shelter-in-place order with lower rates of seasonal respiratory viral activity.
    Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study with interrupted time series analysis obtained monthly counts of respiratory virus testing results at UC Davis Health from August 1, 2014, to July 31, 2020. Patients of all ages underwent testing conducted by the laboratory at UC Davis Health, a referral center for a 65 000-square-mile area that includes 33 counties and more than 6 million Northern California residents.
    Exposures: A statewide shelter-in-place order was instituted on March 19, 2020, restricting residents to their homes except for traveling for essential activities. Large social gatherings were prohibited, schools were closed, and nonessential personnel worked remotely. Those who had to leave their homes were mandated to wear face masks, engage in frequent handwashing, and maintain physical distancing.
    Main outcomes and measures: Positivity rates of common respiratory viruses within the community served by UC Davis Health.
    Results: A total of 46 128 tests for viral respiratory pathogens over a 6-year period were included in the analysis. For the postexposure period (March 25-July 31), approximately 168 positive test results occurred for the studied organisms in the 2020 virus year, a positivity rate of 9.88 positive results per 100 tests that was much lower than the positivity rate of 29.90 positive results per 100 tests observed for this date range in the previous 5 virus years. In contrast, the positivity rates were similar for the preexposure time frame (August 1-March 24) in the 2020 virus year and for the same time periods in the 5 previous years (30.40 vs 33.68 positive results per 100 tests). In the regression analyses, statistically significant decreases in viral activity were observed in the postexposure period for influenza (93% decrease; incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.33) and for rhinovirus or enterovirus (81% decrease; IRR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.39) infections. Lower rates of postexposure viral activity were seen for respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses; however, these associations were not statistically significant.
    Conclusions and relevance: Using interrupted time series analysis of testing for viral respiratory pathogens, this study found that statistically significant lower rates of common community respiratory viruses appeared to be associated with a shelter-in-place order during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; California/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quarantine/methods ; Quarantine/standards ; Quarantine/statistics & numerical data ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Seasons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.35281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Protecting Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Cheema, Ritu / Partridge, Elizabeth / Kair, Laura R / Kuhn-Riordon, Kara M / Silva, Angelique I / Bettinelli, Maria E / Chantry, Caroline J / Underwood, Mark A / Lakshminrusimha, Satyan / Blumberg, Dean

    American journal of perinatology

    2020  Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 260–266

    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has impacted all patient populations including pregnant mothers. There is an incomplete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and transmission potential at this time and the ... ...

    Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has impacted all patient populations including pregnant mothers. There is an incomplete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and transmission potential at this time and the resultant anxiety has led to variable breastfeeding recommendations for suspected or confirmed mothers with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to the potential concern for transmission of infection from maternal respiratory secretions to the newborn, temporary separation of the maternal-baby dyad, allowing for expressed breast milk to be fed to the infant, was initially recommended but later revised to include breastfeeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics in contrast to international societies, which recommend direct breastfeeding. This separation can have negative health and emotional implications for both mother and baby. Only two publications have reported SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk but the role of breast milk as a vehicle of transmission of COVID-19 to the newborns still remains unclear and may indeed be providing protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection even in infected neonates. Other modes of transmission of infection to neonates from infected mothers or any care providers cannot be overemphasized. Symptomatic mothers on hydroxychloroquine can safely breastfeed and no adverse effects were reported in a baby treated with remdesivir in another drug trial. The excretion of sarilumab in human breast milk is unknown at this time. Hence, given the overall safety of breast milk and both short-term and long-term nutritional, immunological, and developmental advantages of breast milk to newborn, breast milk should not be withheld from baby. The setting of maternal care, severity of maternal infection and availability of resources can impact the decision of breastfeeding, the role of shared decision making on breastfeeding between mother and physician needs to be emphasized. We strongly recommend direct breastfeeding with appropriate hygiene precautions unless the maternal or neonatal health condition warrants separation of this dyad. KEY POINTS: · Breastmilk does not appear to play a significant role in transmission of SARS-CoV-2.. · Mother-baby separation has negative health and emotional consequences.. · Mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 can directly breastfeed with appropriate precautions..
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Child ; COVID-19 ; Breast Feeding ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Milk, Human ; Mothers/psychology ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 605671-4
    ISSN 1098-8785 ; 0735-1631
    ISSN (online) 1098-8785
    ISSN 0735-1631
    DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1714277
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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