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Article ; Online: Understanding Viral Infection Mechanisms and Patient Symptoms for the Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics.

Choi, Hyung Muk / Moon, Soo Youn / Yang, Hyung In / Kim, Kyoung Soo

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 4

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. However, there are no licensed drugs or definitive treatment strategies for patients with severe COVID-19. Only antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs are used as symptomatic treatments based on clinician experience. Basic medical researchers are also trying to develop COVID-19 therapeutics. However, there is limited systematic information about the pathogenesis of COVID-19 symptoms that cause tissue damage or death and the mechanisms by which the virus infects and replicates in cells. Here, we introduce recent knowledge of time course changes in viral titers, delayed virus clearance, and persistent systemic inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. Based on the concept of drug reposition, we review which antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs can effectively treat COVID-19 patients based on progressive symptoms and the mechanisms inhibiting virus infection and replication.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Viral Load ; Virus Internalization ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antiviral Agents ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22041737
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Understanding Viral Infection Mechanisms and Patient Symptoms for the Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics

Hyung Muk Choi / Soo Youn Moon / Hyung In Yang / Kyoung Soo Kim

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4, p

2021 Volume 1737

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. However, there are no licensed drugs or definitive treatment strategies for patients with severe COVID-19. Only antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs are used as symptomatic treatments based on clinician experience. Basic medical researchers are also trying to develop COVID-19 therapeutics. However, there is limited systematic information about the pathogenesis of COVID-19 symptoms that cause tissue damage or death and the mechanisms by which the virus infects and replicates in cells. Here, we introduce recent knowledge of time course changes in viral titers, delayed virus clearance, and persistent systemic inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. Based on the concept of drug reposition, we review which antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs can effectively treat COVID-19 patients based on progressive symptoms and the mechanisms inhibiting virus infection and replication.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; ACE2 ; TMPRSS2 ; camostat mesilate ; immunomodulation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases.

Choi, Hyung Muk / Doss, Hari Madhuri / Kim, Kyoung Soo

International journal of molecular sciences

2020 Volume 21, Issue 4

Abstract: Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its ... ...

Abstract	Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of adiponectin is associated with chronic inflammation of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies showed that adiponectin could have pro-inflammatory roles in patients with autoimmune diseases. In particular, its high serum level was positively associated with inflammation severity and pathological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, adiponectin seems to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This indirectly indicates that adiponectin has different physiological roles according to an isoform and effector tissue. Knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponectin isoforms against metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adiponectin/genetics ; Adiponectin/metabolism ; Adiponectin/pharmacology ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Atherosclerosis/complications ; Autoimmune Diseases/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Disease ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Obesity/complications ; Protein Isoforms ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
Chemical Substances	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adiponectin ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Protein Isoforms
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms21041219
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Article ; Online: Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways: Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link.

Ryu, Ji Yeon / Choi, Hyung Muk / Yang, Hyung-In / Kim, Kyoung Soo

International journal of molecular sciences

2020 Volume 21, Issue 18

Abstract: Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated ... ...

Abstract	Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome-muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
MeSH term(s)	AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Aging/metabolism ; Aging/pathology ; Dysbiosis/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/microbiology ; Obesity/pathology ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism ; Sarcopenia/metabolism ; Sarcopenia/microbiology ; Sarcopenia/pathology ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	PPARGC1A protein, human ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms21186887
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Article ; Online: Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases

Hyung Muk Choi / Hari Madhuri Doss / Kyoung Soo Kim

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 4, p

2020 Volume 1219

Abstract	Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of adiponectin is associated with chronic inflammation of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies showed that adiponectin could have pro-inflammatory roles in patients with autoimmune diseases. In particular, its high serum level was positively associated with inflammation severity and pathological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, adiponectin seems to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This indirectly indicates that adiponectin has different physiological roles according to an isoform and effector tissue. Knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponectin isoforms against metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Keywords	adiponectin ; adiponectin isoform ; pro-inflammatory ; anti-inflammatory ; rheumatoid arthritis ; chronic kidney disease (ckd) ; inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways

Ji Yeon Ryu / Hyung Muk Choi / Hyung-In Yang / Kyoung Soo Kim

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6887, p

Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link

2020 Volume 6887

Abstract	Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome–muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
Keywords	sarcopenic obesity ; AMPK signaling pathway ; PGC-1α signaling pathway ; aging ; insulin resistance ; inflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Treating skin graft donor sites: a comparative study between remnant skin use and polyurethane foam.

Ki, Sae Hwi / Ma, Sung Hwan / Choi, Jong Hwan / Sim, Seung Hyun / Kim, Hyung Muk

Journal of wound care

2019 Volume 28, Issue 7, Page(s) 469–477

Abstract: Objective: Excess remnant skin is retained for use in additional grafting in case of split-thickness skin graft (STSG) failure. We hypothesise that regrafting with remnant skin offers greater efficacy and advantages in wound healing and donor site ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Excess remnant skin is retained for use in additional grafting in case of split-thickness skin graft (STSG) failure. We hypothesise that regrafting with remnant skin offers greater efficacy and advantages in wound healing and donor site appearance. Methods: Skin graft donor sites were assessed by comparing those regrafted with remnant skin with those treated with polyurethane foam dressing. Healing time, pain, patient satisfaction, itching sensation, skin stiffness and irregularity between regrafting and foam dressing were compared. The aesthetic satisfaction of donor site was evaluated by four board-certified plastic surgeons. The differences were tested statistically. Results: A total of 39 patients received a STSG due to skin or soft tissue wounds caused by burn, trauma and cancer reconstruction. The donor site healing time was shorter with remnant skin regrafting compared with foam dressing. There was no difference with respect to donor site pain between the two treatment groups. At two weeks after skin graft, patient satisfaction was higher in those treated with remnant skin than in those treated with foam dressing. Aesthetic assessment was improved after 12 weeks. Conclusion: Donor site dressing using remnant skin appears to improve wound healing and enhance the aesthetic outcome of donor sites.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occlusive Dressings ; Polyurethanes/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea ; Skin Transplantation/methods ; Transplant Donor Site/physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing/physiology ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Polyurethanes ; polyurethane foam (9009-54-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1353951-6
ISSN	0969-0700
ISSN	0969-0700
DOI	10.12968/jowc.2019.28.7.469
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Article ; Online: Calculation of the Quality Additional Rate of Clinical Laboratory Test and Review of Application Criteria

Byoung Seon Yang / Sang Muk Park / Hyung Joon Bae / Won Shik Kim / Hun Hee Park / Yong Lim / Yoon Sik Kim / Se Mook Choi / Do Hee Bae / Ji Ae Park

Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science, Vol 52, Iss 3, Pp 261-

2020 Volume 270

Abstract: This study reviewed the quality addition rate, calculation, and application criteria needed to identify the possibility of additional medical technologists in the field for new certification and professional manpower to provide a superior laboratory. The ...

Abstract	This study reviewed the quality addition rate, calculation, and application criteria needed to identify the possibility of additional medical technologists in the field for new certification and professional manpower to provide a superior laboratory. The six institutions that participated in the study were the size of large hospitals with more than 1,000 beds, with an average of five full-time laboratory physicians (also called clinical pathologists) and an average of 53 medical technologists, with 10.6 per laboratory physician. An analysis of the time required for each activity category of medical technologists revealed decreasing behavior during the analysis. In contrast, the ratio of the com-prehensive pre-analysis activities was high due to the strengthening of laboratory operations and quality control. During the analysis, the proportion of biochemistry tests was high, and post-analysis of most of the results was performed. Hence, improving the quality of sample testing requires significant time, and appropriate personnel are required. In conclusion, the recruitment of medical technologists is also a key component to improving the sample quality, and corresponding personnel regulations are necessary.
Keywords	manpower ; medical technologist ; quality addition rate ; sample testing ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Fabrication of solution-processed InSnZnO/ZrO2 thin film transistors.

Hwang, Soo Min / Lee, Seung Muk / Choi, Jun Hyuk / Lim, Jun Hyung / Joo, Jinho

Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology

2013 Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) 7774–7778

Abstract: We fabricated InSnZnO (ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a high-permittivity (K) ZrO2 gate insulator using a solution process and explored the microstructure and electrical properties. ZrO2 and ITZO (In:Sn:Zn = 2:1:1) precursor solutions were ... ...

Abstract	We fabricated InSnZnO (ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a high-permittivity (K) ZrO2 gate insulator using a solution process and explored the microstructure and electrical properties. ZrO2 and ITZO (In:Sn:Zn = 2:1:1) precursor solutions were deposited using consecutive spin-coating and drying steps on highly doped p-type Si substrate, followed by annealing at 700 degrees C in ambient air. The ITZO/ZrO2 TFT device showed n-channel depletion mode characteristics, and it possessed a high saturation mobility of approximately 9.8 cm2/V x s, a small subthreshold voltage swing of approximately 2.3 V/decade, and a negative V(TH) of approximately 1.5 V, but a relatively low on/off current ratio of approximately 10(-3). These results were thought to be due to the use of the high-kappa crystallized ZrO2 dielectric (kappa approximately 21.8) as the gate insulator, which could permit low-voltage operation of the solution-processed ITZO TFT devices for applications to high-throughput, low-cost, flexible and transparent electronics.
MeSH term(s)	Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanostructures/ultrastructure ; Particle Size ; Solutions ; Tin Compounds/chemistry ; Transistors, Electronic ; Zinc Oxide/chemistry ; Zirconium/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Solutions ; Tin Compounds ; indium tin oxide (71243-84-0) ; Zirconium (C6V6S92N3C) ; zirconium oxide (S38N85C5G0) ; Zinc Oxide (SOI2LOH54Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1533-4880
ISSN	1533-4880
DOI	10.1166/jnn.2013.7807
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Article ; Online: Facet-controlled anatase TiO2 nanoparticles through various fluorine sources for superior photocatalytic activity.

Lee, Seung Muk / Park, Geun Chul / Seo, Tae Yang / Jung, Seung-Boo / Lee, Ju Ha / Kim, Young Dok / Choi, Dae Hyuk / Lim, Jun Hyung / Joo, Jinho

Nanotechnology

2016 Volume 27, Issue 39, Page(s) 395604

Abstract: Reactive surface-exposed anatase TiO2 (a-TiO2) is highly desirable for applications requiring superior photocatalytic activity. In order to obtain a favorable surface, morphology control of the a-TiO2 using capping agents has been widely investigated. ... ...

Abstract	Reactive surface-exposed anatase TiO2 (a-TiO2) is highly desirable for applications requiring superior photocatalytic activity. In order to obtain a favorable surface, morphology control of the a-TiO2 using capping agents has been widely investigated. Herein, we systematically study the effects of different F sources (HF, TiF4, and NH4F) as the capping agent on the morphology control and photocatalytic activities of a-TiO2 in a hydrothermal process. When either HF or TiF4 was added, large truncated bipyramids formed with the photocatalytically active {001} facet, whereas the NH4F was not effective for facet control, yielding nanospheres similar to the pure a-TiO2. The morphology changes were related to the decomposition behaviors of the F sources in the solvent material: HF and TiF4 decomposed and supplied F(-) ions before a-TiO2 nucleation, which changed the nucleation rate and growth direction, leading to the resultant a-TiO2 morphology. On the other hand, NH4F supplied F(-) ions after a-TiO2 nucleation and could not change the growth behavior. In terms of the photocatalytic effect, the HF- and TiF4-treated a-TiO2 effectively decomposed ∼90% and ∼80% of methylene blue, respectively, in 1 h, while ∼60% was decomposed for the NH4F-treated a-TiO2. Note that pure a-TiO2 photocatalytically decomposed only ∼10% of methylene blue over the same time. These results pave the way to precise control of the facet of TiO2 through using different capping agents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362365-5
ISSN	1361-6528 ; 0957-4484
ISSN (online)	1361-6528
ISSN	0957-4484
DOI	10.1088/0957-4484/27/39/395604
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