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Article ; Online: Characterization and Functional Analysis of Fads Reveals Δ5 Desaturation Activity during Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Dwarf Surf Clam

Teng, Tianhao / Zheng, Zhenghua / Jiao, Wenqian / Liu, Na / Wang, Ao / Liu, Mengjiao / Xie, Le / Yang, Zujing / Hu, Jingjie / Bao, Zhenmin

Genes

2024 Volume 15, Issue 3

Abstract: Fatty acid desaturases (Fads), as key enzymes in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), catalyze the desaturation between defined carbons of fatty acyl chains and control the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. In the ... ...

Abstract	Fatty acid desaturases (Fads), as key enzymes in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), catalyze the desaturation between defined carbons of fatty acyl chains and control the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. In the present study, two Fads genes, designated
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/genetics ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism ; Chlorella/metabolism ; Bivalvia/genetics ; Bivalvia/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acid Desaturases (EC 1.14.19.-) ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes15030365
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: The Inhomogeneity Effect III

Zhang, Xi / Li, Cheng / Ge, Huazhi / Le, Tianhao

Weather Impacts on the Heat Flow of Hot Jupiters

2023

Abstract: The interior flux of a giant planet impacts atmospheric motion, and the atmosphere dictates the interior's cooling. Here we use a non-hydrostatic general circulation model (SNAP) coupled with a multi-stream multi-scattering radiative module (HARP) to ... ...

Abstract	The interior flux of a giant planet impacts atmospheric motion, and the atmosphere dictates the interior's cooling. Here we use a non-hydrostatic general circulation model (SNAP) coupled with a multi-stream multi-scattering radiative module (HARP) to simulate the weather impacts on the heat flow of hot Jupiters. We found that the vertical heat flux is primarily transported by convection in the lower atmosphere and regulated by dynamics and radiation in the overlying ``radiation-circulation" zone. The temperature inversion occurs on the dayside and reduces the upward radiative flux. The atmospheric dynamics relay the vertical heat transport until the radiation becomes efficient in the upper atmosphere. The cooling flux increases with atmospheric drag due to increased day-night contrast and spatial inhomogeneity. The temperature dependence of the infrared opacity greatly amplifies the opacity inhomogeneity. Although atmospheric circulation could transport heat downward in a narrow region above the radiative-convective boundary, the opacity inhomogeneity effect overcomes the dynamical effect and leads to a larger overall interior cooling than the local simulations with the same interior entropy and stellar flux. The enhancement depends critically on the equilibrium temperature, drag, and atmospheric opacity. In a strong-drag atmosphere hotter than 1600 K, a significant inhomogeneity effect in three-dimensional (3D) models can boost interior cooling several-fold compared to the 1D radiative-convection equilibrium models. This study confirms the analytical argument of the inhomogeneity effect in Zhang (2023ab). It highlights the importance of using 3D atmospheric models in understanding the inflation mechanisms of hot Jupiters and giant planet evolution in general. Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures, part three of a series of papers, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Keywords	Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ; Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Subject code	551
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Reducing Compaction Temperature of Asphalt Mixtures by GNP Modification and Aggregate Packing Optimization.

Yan, Tianhao / Turos, Mugurel / Le, Jia-Liang / Marasteanu, Mihai

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 17

Abstract: Compaction of hot mix asphalt (HMA) requires high temperatures in the range of 125 to 145 °C to ensure the fluidity of asphalt binder and, therefore, the workability of asphalt mixtures. The high temperatures are associated with high energy consumption, ... ...

Abstract	Compaction of hot mix asphalt (HMA) requires high temperatures in the range of 125 to 145 °C to ensure the fluidity of asphalt binder and, therefore, the workability of asphalt mixtures. The high temperatures are associated with high energy consumption, and higher NOx emissions, and can also accelerate the aging of asphalt binders. In previous research, the authors have developed two approaches for improving the compactability of asphalt mixtures: (1) addition of Graphite Nanoplatelets (GNPs), and (2) optimizing aggregate packing. This research explores the effects of these two approaches, and the combination of them, on reducing compaction temperatures while the production temperature is kept at the traditional levels. A reduction in compaction temperatures is desired for prolonging the paving window, extending the hauling distance, reducing the energy consumption for reheating, and for reducing the number of repairs and their negative environmental and safety effects, by improving the durability of the mixtures. A Superpave asphalt mixture was chosen as the control mixture. Three modified mixtures were designed, respectively, by (1) adding 6% GNP by the weight of binder, (2) optimizing aggregate packing, and (3) combining the two previous approaches. Gyratory compaction tests were performed on the four mixtures at two compaction temperatures: 135 °C (the compaction temperature of the control mixture) and 95 °C. A method was proposed based on the gyratory compaction to estimate the compaction temperature of the mixtures. The results show that all the three methods increase the compactability of mixtures and thus significantly reduce the compaction temperatures. Method 3 (combining GNP modification and aggregate packing optimization) has the most significant effect, followed by method 1 (GNP modification), and method 2 (aggregate packing optimization).
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma15176060
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Article: Evaluation of Modeled Hyperspectral Infrared Spectra Against All-Sky AIRS Observations Using Different Cloud Overlap Schemes.

Le, Tianhao / Natraj, Vijay / Braverman, Amy J / Yung, Yuk L

Earth and space science (Hoboken, N.J.)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e2022EA002245

Abstract: Hyperspectral infrared sounding contains information about clouds, which plays an important role in modulating Earth's climate. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in modeling the radiative effect of clouds due to its complex dependence on ... ...

Abstract	Hyperspectral infrared sounding contains information about clouds, which plays an important role in modulating Earth's climate. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in modeling the radiative effect of clouds due to its complex dependence on various parameters. Therefore, cloudy scenarios are often neglected in retrievals of infrared spectral measurements and in data assimilation. One-dimensional radiative transfer (RT) models have a limited capability to represent the cloud three-dimensional multilayer structure. This issue is typically resolved by using a multiple independent column approach, which is computationally demanding. Therefore, it is necessary to find a balance between computational speed and accuracy for infrared RT all-sky radiance simulations. In this study, we utilize the Community Radiative Transfer Model with four different cloud overlap schemes and compare against observations made by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) using a statistical metric called the first Wasserstein distance. Our results show that the average cloud overlap scheme performs the best and successfully predicts the overall probability distribution of brightness temperature over nonfrozen oceans for a wide range of wavelengths. The mean absolute differences are less than 0.7 K for 846 selected AIRS channels between 790 cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2807271-6
ISSN	2333-5084
ISSN	2333-5084
DOI	10.1029/2022EA002245
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Article: Massively Parallel CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Screening in Sheep Granulosa Cells for FSH Response Genes.

Liu, Zaixia / Dai, Lingli / Sun, Tianhao / Liu, Yongbin / Bao, Yanchun / Gu, Mingjuan / Fu, Shaoyin / He, Xiaolong / Shi, Caixia / Wang, Yu / Guo, Lili / Zhou, Le / Ma, Fengying / Na, Risu / Zhang, Wenguang

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2024 Volume 14, Issue 6

Abstract: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates ovarian follicle development through specific gene expression programs. Granulosa cells (GCs) are somatic cells surrounding the oocytes, secreting gonadotropins to regulate ovulation and promote follicular ... ...

Abstract	Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates ovarian follicle development through specific gene expression programs. Granulosa cells (GCs) are somatic cells surrounding the oocytes, secreting gonadotropins to regulate ovulation and promote follicular development. By analyzing the effects of different doses of FSH on the proliferation of GCs, we found that adding 10 ng/mL of FSH, as the optimal concentration, could promote the growth of GCs. Furthermore, we have successfully constructed the first CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library targeting the genes on chromosomes 2 and 3 and the X chromosomes of the sheep massively parallel coding gene, as well as an ovarian GCs knockout cell library. For the first time, we have exposed the knockout cell library to a concentration of 10 ng/mL FSH to explore the underlying mechanisms. Through this screening, we have identified 836 positive-negative screening genes that are responsive to FSH, thereby revealing the regulatory mechanisms and screening the functionality of candidate genes. Next, RNA-Seq of control (0 ng/mL), low (10 ng/mL), and high (100 ng/mL) doses of FSH revealed 1708 differentially expressed genes, and combined with 836 genes, we obtained 129 FSH dose-dependent genes with extremely significant differences. This enables us to delve deeper into investigating and identifying the mechanisms by which FSH regulates GCs. More generally, we have discovered new regulatory factors and identified reproductivity-associated major effectors. These findings provide novel research directions for further studies on sheep reproduction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani14060898
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Article ; Online: Highly Dispersed Antimony-Bismuth Alloy Encapsulated in Carbon Nanofibers for Ultrastable K-Ion Batteries.

Li, Huiming / Liu, Meiqi / Zhao, Chunsheng / Le, Zaiyuan / Wei, Wenxian / Nie, Ping / Hou, Meiqi / Xu, Tianhao / Gao, Shuang / Wang, Limin / Chang, Limin

The journal of physical chemistry letters

2022 Volume 13, Issue 28, Page(s) 6587–6596

Abstract: Antimony-based alloys have appealed to an ever-increasing interest for potassium ion storage due to their high theoretical capacity and safe voltage. However, sluggish kinetics and the large radius of ... ...

Abstract	Antimony-based alloys have appealed to an ever-increasing interest for potassium ion storage due to their high theoretical capacity and safe voltage. However, sluggish kinetics and the large radius of K
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1948-7185
ISSN (online)	1948-7185
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01032
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Article ; Online: Perovskite-type CaMnO

Chang, Limin / Li, Jiahui / Le, Zaiyuan / Nie, Ping / Guo, Yu / Wang, Hairui / Xu, Tianhao / Xue, Xiangxin

Journal of colloid and interface science

2020 Volume 584, Page(s) 698–705

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries are attracting ever increasing attention due to their advantages of high energy/ power density, environmental friendly, lifetime and low cost. As a star in the field of materials and energy, perovskites have received extensive ... ...

Abstract	Lithium ion batteries are attracting ever increasing attention due to their advantages of high energy/ power density, environmental friendly, lifetime and low cost. As a star in the field of materials and energy, perovskites have received extensive attention due to their attracting physical and chemical properties. Herein, CaMnO
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241597-5
ISSN	1095-7103 ; 0021-9797
ISSN (online)	1095-7103
ISSN	0021-9797
DOI	10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.014
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Article ; Online: Emerging Potassium-ion Hybrid Capacitors.

Liu, Meiqi / Chang, Limin / Le, Zaiyuan / Jiang, Jiangmin / Li, Jiahui / Wang, Hairui / Zhao, Cuimei / Xu, Tianhao / Nie, Ping / Wang, Limin

ChemSusChem

2020 Volume 13, Issue 22, Page(s) 5837–5862

Abstract: As a new type of capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device, metal-ion capacitors have attracted widespread attention because of their high-power density while ensuring energy density and long lifespan. Potassium-ion capacitors (KICs) featuring the ... ...

Abstract	As a new type of capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device, metal-ion capacitors have attracted widespread attention because of their high-power density while ensuring energy density and long lifespan. Potassium-ion capacitors (KICs) featuring the merits of abundant potassium resources, lower standard electrode potential, and low cost have been considered as potential alternatives to lithium-/sodium-ion capacitors. However, KICs still face issues including unsatisfactory reaction kinetics, low energy density, and poor lifetime owing to the large radius of the potassium ion. In this Review, the importance of emerging potassium-ion capacitor is addressed. The Review offers a brief discussion of the fundamental working principle of KICs, along with an overview of recent advances and achievements of a variety of electrode materials for dual carbon and non-dual carbon KICs. Furthermore, electrolyte chemistry, binders as well as electrode/electrolyte interface, are summarized. Finally, existing challenges and perspectives on further development of KICs are also presented.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1864-564X
ISSN (online)	1864-564X
DOI	10.1002/cssc.202000578
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Deep Learning-Based Mapping of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Whole Slide Images of 23 Types of Cancer.

Abousamra, Shahira / Gupta, Rajarsi / Hou, Le / Batiste, Rebecca / Zhao, Tianhao / Shankar, Anand / Rao, Arvind / Chen, Chao / Samaras, Dimitris / Kurc, Tahsin / Saltz, Joel

Frontiers in oncology

2022 Volume 11, Page(s) 806603

Abstract: The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a biomarker to predict disease progression and clinical outcomes has generated tremendous interest in translational cancer research. We present an updated and enhanced deep learning workflow to ... ...

Abstract	The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a biomarker to predict disease progression and clinical outcomes has generated tremendous interest in translational cancer research. We present an updated and enhanced deep learning workflow to classify 50x50 um tiled image patches (100x100 pixels at 20x magnification) as TIL positive or negative based on the presence of 2 or more TILs in gigapixel whole slide images (WSIs) from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This workflow generates TIL maps to study the abundance and spatial distribution of TILs in 23 different types of cancer. We trained three state-of-the-art, popular convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (namely VGG16, Inception-V4, and ResNet-34) with a large volume of training data, which combined manual annotations from pathologists (strong annotations) and computer-generated labels from our previously reported first-generation TIL model for 13 cancer types (model-generated annotations). Specifically, this training dataset contains TIL positive and negative patches from cancers in additional organ sites and curated data to help improve algorithmic performance by decreasing known false positives and false negatives. Our new TIL workflow also incorporates automated thresholding to convert model predictions into binary classifications to generate TIL maps. The new TIL models all achieve better performance with improvements of up to 13% in accuracy and 15% in F-score. We report these new TIL models and a curated dataset of TIL maps, referred to as
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2021.806603
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Article ; Online: Unexpected air pollution with marked emission reductions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.

Le, Tianhao / Wang, Yuan / Liu, Lang / Yang, Jiani / Yung, Yuk L / Li, Guohui / Seinfeld, John H

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 369, Issue 6504, Page(s) 702–706

Abstract: The absence of motor vehicle traffic and suspended manufacturing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China enabled assessment of the efficiency of air pollution mitigation. Up to 90% reduction of certain emissions during the city- ... ...

Abstract	The absence of motor vehicle traffic and suspended manufacturing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China enabled assessment of the efficiency of air pollution mitigation. Up to 90% reduction of certain emissions during the city-lockdown period can be identified from satellite and ground-based observations. Unexpectedly, extreme particulate matter levels simultaneously occurred in northern China. Our synergistic observation analyses and model simulations show that anomalously high humidity promoted aerosol heterogeneous chemistry, along with stagnant airflow and uninterrupted emissions from power plants and petrochemical facilities, contributing to severe haze formation. Also, because of nonlinear production chemistry and titration of ozone in winter, reduced nitrogen oxides resulted in ozone enhancement in urban areas, further increasing the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and facilitating secondary aerosol formation.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Humidity ; Meteorological Concepts ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis ; Weather ; Wind
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Sulfur Dioxide (0UZA3422Q4) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abb7431
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