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Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive.

Younes, Maged / Aquilina, Gabriele / Castle, Laurence / Degen, Gisela / Engel, Karl-Heinz / Fowler, Paul J / Frutos Fernandez, Maria José / Fürst, Peter / Gundert-Remy, Ursula / Gürtler, Rainer / Husøy, Trine / Manco, Melania / Mennes, Wim / Moldeus, Peter / Passamonti, Sabina / Shah, Romina / Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine / Wright, Matthew / Batke, Monika /

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2023 Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) e8430

Abstract: This opinion addresses the re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as food additive and an application ...

Abstract	This opinion addresses the re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as food additive and an application for its exemption from the laxative warning label requirement as established under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Erythritol is a polyol obtained by fermentation with
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8430
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: On the Σ classes in E

Engel, P

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances

2020 Volume 76, Issue Pt 5, Page(s) 622–626

Abstract: In E ...

Abstract	In E
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020844-3
ISSN	2053-2733 ; 1600-5724 ; 0108-7673
ISSN (online)	2053-2733 ; 1600-5724
ISSN	0108-7673
DOI	10.1107/S2053273320009936
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Article ; Online: Follow-up of the re-evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228).

Younes, Maged / Aquilina, Gabriele / Castle, Laurence / Engel, Karl-Heinz / Fowler, Paul J / Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose / Fürst, Peter / Gundert-Remy, Ursula / Gürtler, Rainer / Husøy, Trine / Manco, Melania / Mennes, Wim / Moldeus, Peter / Passamonti, Sabina / Shah, Romina / Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine / Boon, Polly / Cheyns, Karlien / Crebelli, Riccardo /

FitzGerald, Rex / Lambré, Claude / Mirat, Manuela / Ulbrich, Beate / Vleminckx, Christiane / Mech, Agnieszka / Rincon, Ana Maria / Tard, Alexandra / Horvath, Zsuzsanna / Wright, Matthew

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2022 Volume 20, Issue 11, Page(s) e07594

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide-sulfites (E 220-228) were re-evaluated in 2016, resulting in the setting ...

Abstract	Sulfur dioxide-sulfites (E 220-228) were re-evaluated in 2016, resulting in the setting of a temporary ADI of 0.7 mg SO
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7594
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of thaumatin (E 957) as food additive.

Younes, Maged / Aquilina, Gabriele / Castle, Laurence / Engel, Karl-Heinz / Fowler, Paul / Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose / Fürst, Peter / Gürtler, Rainer / Gundert-Remy, Ursula / Husøy, Trine / Manco, Melania / Mennes, Wim / Passamonti, Sabina / Moldeus, Peter / Shah, Romina / Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine / Wölfle, Detlef / Wright, Matthew / Batke, Monika /

Boon, Polly / Bruzell, Ellen / Chipman, James / Crebelli, Riccardo / Fitzgerald, Rex / Fortes, Cristina / Halldorsson, Thorhallur / LeBlanc, Jean-Charles / Lindtner, Oliver / Mortensen, Alicja / Ntzani, Evangelia / Wallace, Heather / Civitella, Consuelo / Horvath, Zsuzsanna / Lodi, Federica / Tard, Alexandra / Vianello, Giorgia

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2021 Volume 19, Issue 11, Page(s) e06884

Abstract: The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of thaumatin (E 957) when used as a food additive ...

Abstract	The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of thaumatin (E 957) when used as a food additive. Thaumatin is a natural plant protein, consisting of thaumatin I and thaumatin II proteins together with minor amounts of plant constituents, obtained by acidic aqueous extraction of the arils of the fruit of
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6884
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (E 959) as a food additive.

Boon, Polly / Bruzell, Ellen / Chipman, James / Crebelli, Riccardo / FitzGerald, Rex / Fortes, Cristina / Halldorsson, Thorhallur / LeBlanc, Jean-Charles / Lindtner, Oliver / Mortensen, Alicja / Ntzani, Evangelia / Wallace, Heather / Cascio, Claudia / Civitella, Consuelo / Horvath, Zsuzsanna / Lodi, Federica / Mech, Agnieszka / Tard, Alexandra / Vianello, Giorgia

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2022 Volume 20, Issue 11, Page(s) e07595

Abstract: The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (E 959 ...

Abstract	The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (E 959) when used as a food additive. It is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of a flavanone - neohesperidine - which is naturally occurring and thus isolated by alcohol extraction in bitter oranges (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7595
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Follow-up of the re-evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive.

Younes, Maged / Aquilina, Gabriele / Degen, Gisela / Engel, Karl-Heinz / Fowler, Paul / Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose / Fürst, Peter / Gürtler, Rainer / Husøy, Trine / Manco, Melania / Mennes, Wim / Passamonti, Sabina / Moldeus, Peter / Shah, Romina / Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine / Wright, Matthew / Cheyns, Karlien / FitzGerald, Reginald / Mirat, Manuela /

Mortensen, Alicja / Ulbrich, Beate / Woutersen, Ruud / Rincon, Ana Maria / Ruggeri, Laura / Smeraldi, Camilla / Tard, Alexandra / Gundert-Remy, Ursula

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2023 Volume 21, Issue 7, Page(s) e08103

Abstract: Indigo carmine (E 312) was re-evaluated in 2014 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient ... Flavourings (FAF Panel) recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 132, mainly ... for indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts, meeting the proposed revisions of the specifications (85% minimum ...

Abstract	Indigo carmine (E 312) was re-evaluated in 2014 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). The ANS Panel confirmed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for indigo carmine allocated by JECFA (1975). The ANS Panel indicated that the ADI was applicable to a material with a purity of 93% pure colouring and manufactured using processes resulting in comparable residuals as material used in the Borzelleca et al. studies (1985, 1986) and Borzelleca and Hogan (1985) which were the basis for deriving the ADI. The ANS Panel considered that any extension of the ADI to indigo carmine of lower purity and/or manufactured using a different process would require new data to address the adverse effects on the testes observed in the Dixit and Goyal (2013) study. Following a European Commission call for data to submit data to fill the data gaps, an IBO submitted technical and toxicological data. Considering the technical data, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF Panel) recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 132, mainly to lower the limits for toxic elements. Considering the toxicological data, an IBO has submitted a 56-day dietary study to address the adverse effects on testes using a material with 88% purity. The results of this study submitted did not confirm the severe adverse effects observed in the Dixit and Goyal study. Considering all the available information, the Panel confirmed the ADI of 5 mg/kg bw per day for indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts, meeting the proposed revisions of the specifications (85% minimum for the colouring matter). The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for the use of indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts at the reported use levels and submitted analytical data.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8103
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Follow-up of the re-evaluation of quillaia extract (E 999) as a food additive and safety of the proposed extension of uses.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2024 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) e8563

Abstract: Quillaia extract (E 999) was re-evaluated in 2019 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and ... Flavourings (FAF). EFSA derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 3 mg saponins/kg bw per day for E 999 ... specifications for E 999. Additionally, this opinion deals with the assessment of the proposed extension of use ...

Abstract	Quillaia extract (E 999) was re-evaluated in 2019 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF). EFSA derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 3 mg saponins/kg bw per day for E 999. Following a European Commission call for data to submit data to fill the data gaps, the present follow-up opinion assesses data provided by interested business operators (IBOs) to support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 999. Additionally, this opinion deals with the assessment of the proposed extension of use for E 999 in food supplements supplied in a solid and liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children and, as a carrier in botanical nutrients. The Panel concluded that the proposed extension of use, if authorised, could result in an exceedance of the ADI at the maximum of the ranges of the mean for children, adolescents and the elderly, and for all populations at the 95th percentile. An additional proposed extension of use for E 999 to be used as a carrier for glazing agents on entire fresh fruits and vegetables has been received. Since no information on the proposed use levels of E 999 on a saponins content basis has been provided by this applicant, the Panel was not able to evaluate the safety of this extension of use. Considering the technical data submitted, the Panel recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 999, mainly to lower the limits for lead, mercury and arsenic and to include a maximum limit for cadmium and for calcium oxalate. The Panel also recommended that the limits would be expressed on a saponins basis. The Panel proposed to revise the definition of E 999 to better describe the composition in a qualitative way.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8563
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Article ; Online: On two special classes of parallelohedra in E

Engel, P

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances

2019 Volume 75, Issue Pt 3, Page(s) 574–583

Abstract: ... having certain properties. In E ...

Abstract	The cone of positive-definite quadratic forms is subdivided into aggregates of parallelohedra having certain properties. In E
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020844-3
ISSN	2053-2733 ; 1600-5724 ; 0108-7673
ISSN (online)	2053-2733 ; 1600-5724
ISSN	0108-7673
DOI	10.1107/S2053273319001359
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of polydextrose (E 1200) as a food additive.

Younes, Maged / Aquilina, Gabriele / Castle, Laurence / Engel, Karl-Heinz / Fowler, Paul / Fürst, Peter / Gürtler, Rainer / Gundert-Remy, Ursula / Husøy, Trine / Manco, Melania / Mennes, Wim / Moldeus, Peter / Passamonti, Sabina / Shah, Romina / Waalkens-Berendsen, Dina Hendrika / Wölfle, Detlef / Wright, Matthew / Boon, Polly / Crebelli, Riccardo /

Domenico, Alessandro Di / Filipič, Metka / Mortensen, Alicja / Woutersen, Ruud / Loveren, Henk Van / Giarola, Alessandra / Lodi, Federica / Rincon, Ana Maria / Tard, Alexandra / Fernandez, Maria Jose Frutos

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2021 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e06363

Abstract: This opinion deals with the re-evaluation of polydextrose (E 1200) when used as a food additive ... Therefore, the Panel concluded that there is no need for numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) for polydextrose (E ... to introduce limits for arsenic, cadmium and mercury in the EU specifications for polydextrose (E 1200), and ...

Abstract	This opinion deals with the re-evaluation of polydextrose (E 1200) when used as a food additive. The Panel followed the conceptual framework for the risk assessment of certain additives and considered that: adequate exposure estimates were available; the margin of safety (MOS)/margin of exposure (MOE) for arsenic was between 0.5-14 and 8.5 for lead; the exhaustions of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for cadmium would be 165%, 10% for mercury, whereas the exhaustion of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nickel would be 9%; the absorption is limited and part of polydextrose is fermented in the large intestine into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA); adequate toxicity data were available; there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity; no adverse effects were reported in subchronic studies in rats, dogs or monkeys nor in chronic or carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats at the highest doses tested of up 12,500 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day and 15,000 mg/kg bw per day, respectively; the nephrocalcinosis in dogs given high doses of polydextrose was considered to be a treatment-related but a secondary effect related to diarrhoea, and hence not relevant for the risk assessment; no adverse effects were reported in reproductive or developmental toxicity studies in rats administered up to 10,000 mg polydextrose/kg bw per day, or in a developmental toxicity study in rabbits up to 1,818 mg/kg bw per day (the highest dose tested). Therefore, the Panel concluded that there is no need for numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) for polydextrose (E 1200), and that there is no safety concern for the reported uses and use levels of polydextrose as a food additive. The Panel recommended that European Commission considers to lower the maximum limit for lead and to introduce limits for arsenic, cadmium and mercury in the EU specifications for polydextrose (E 1200), and to verify that polydextrose-N as a food additive (E 1200) is no longer marketed in the EU.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6363
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of l(+)-tartaric acid (E 334), sodium tartrates (E 335), potassium tartrates (E 336), potassium sodium tartrate (E 337) and calcium tartrate (E 354) as food additives.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2020 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e06030

Abstract: ... on tartaric acid-tartrates (E 334-337, 354) when used as food additives. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF ... in humans compared to rats. The Panel established a group ADI for l(+)-tartaric acid-tartrates (E 334-337 ... and E 354) of 240 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as tartaric acid, by applying the total uncertainty ...

Abstract	The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provides a scientific opinion on tartaric acid-tartrates (E 334-337, 354) when used as food additives. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1990 established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, for l(+)-tartaric acid and its potassium and sodium salts. The metabolism of l(+)-tartaric acid and its potassium sodium salt was shown to be species dependent, with a greater absorption in rats than in humans. No toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity, were observed in toxicological studies in which the l(+)-form was tested. There was no indication for a genotoxic potential of tartaric acid and its sodium and potassium salts. In a chronic study in rats, no indication for carcinogenicity of monosodium l(+)-tartrate was reported at the highest dose tested (3,100 mg/kg bw per day). The available studies for maternal or developmental toxicity did not report any relevant effects; no studies for reproductive toxicity were available; however, no effects on reproductive organs were observed in the chronic toxicity study. The Panel concluded that the data on systemic availability were robust enough to derive a chemical-specific uncertainty factor instead of the usual default uncertainty factor of 100. A total uncertainty factor of 10 was derived by applying a total interspecies uncertainty factor of 1 instead of 10, based on data showing lower internal exposure in humans compared to rats. The Panel established a group ADI for l(+)-tartaric acid-tartrates (E 334-337 and E 354) of 240 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as tartaric acid, by applying the total uncertainty factor of 10 to the reference point of 3,100 mg sodium tartrate/kg bw per day, approximately to 2,440 mg tartaric acid/kg bw per day. The exposure estimates for the different population groups for the refined non-brand-loyal exposure scenario did not exceed the group ADI of 240 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as tartaric acid. Some recommendations were made by the Panel.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6030
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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