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Article ; Online: Central versus peripheral thickness in the human cornea explained.

Bergmanson, Jan P G / Burns, Alan R / Walker, Maria K

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association

2024 , Page(s) 102165

Abstract: Purpose: The human cornea is thicker in the periphery than the center and it has been suggested that this must be due to greater numbers of lamellae in the peripheral corneal stroma. The purpose of this study was to use high-resolution ultrastructural ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The human cornea is thicker in the periphery than the center and it has been suggested that this must be due to greater numbers of lamellae in the peripheral corneal stroma. The purpose of this study was to use high-resolution ultrastructural imaging to determine if the greater thickness of the peripheral cornea is due to the presence of more lamellae or if there is some other anatomical explanation. Methods: In this study, full thickness corneas from three human donors were processed for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Images were taken in three distinct stromal regions (anterior, middle, and posterior) from the central and peripheral cornea. Stromal thickness was evaluated by LM while TEM was used to evaluate numbers and thicknesses of lamellae, mean collagen fibril diameter, and mean collagen fibril density. Results: Mean stromal thickness was significantly thinner in the central (415 ± 34 µm) compared to the peripheral (536 ± 29 µm) cornea (P = 0.009). Numbers of lamellae were not significantly different between central (246 ± 14) and peripheral (251 ± 14) cornea. Average lamellar thickness was not different across all regions of the cornea, except for the peripheral posterior where the lamellae were approximately 50 % thicker (P < 0.05). Collagen fibril diameters were larger in the peripheral cornea by approximately 30 % when compared to the central cornea, in all regions (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This study shows that it is an increase peripheral posterior lamellar thickness, rather than an increase in the number of lamellae, that accounts for the increase in corneal stromal thickness in the periphery of the human cornea. While collagen fibril diameters are greater throughout the peripheral stroma, the lamellae in the mid and anterior peripheral stroma are not thicker than centrally.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2004847-6
ISSN	1476-5411 ; 1367-0484
ISSN (online)	1476-5411
ISSN	1367-0484
DOI	10.1016/j.clae.2024.102165
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Article ; Online: Poison Centers and Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units: Productive Two-Way Partnerships.

Woolf, Alan D / Baum, Carl R / Burns, Michele

Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology

2023 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 241–243

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Poisons ; Poison Control Centers ; Environmental Health
Chemical Substances	Poisons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2435016-3
ISSN	1937-6995 ; 1556-9039
ISSN (online)	1937-6995
ISSN	1556-9039
DOI	10.1007/s13181-023-00942-6
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Article ; Online: A Low-Fat/Sucrose Diet Rich in Complex Carbohydrates Reverses High-Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Corneal Dysregulation.

Akowuah, Prince K / Lema, Carolina / Rumbaut, Rolando E / Burns, Alan R

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2

Abstract: High-fat/sucrose diet feeding in mice causes loss of corneal nerve function and impairs corneal wound healing. While changing to a diet with a low fat/sugar composition and enrichments in complex carbohydrates mitigates the reduction in nerve function, ... ...

Abstract	High-fat/sucrose diet feeding in mice causes loss of corneal nerve function and impairs corneal wound healing. While changing to a diet with a low fat/sugar composition and enrichments in complex carbohydrates mitigates the reduction in nerve function, it remains to be determined if it has an effect on corneal wound healing. In this study, 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat/sucrose diet for 20 weeks. A third group (diet reversal) was placed on a high-fat/sucrose diet for 10 weeks followed by a normal diet for an additional 10 weeks. A central corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Mice fed the high-fat/sucrose diet-only had greater adiposity (p < 0.005) than normal diet-only fed mice; diet reversal markedly reduced adiposity. Following corneal abrasion, wound closure was delayed by ~6 h (p ≤ 0.01) and, at 30 h post-wounding, fewer neutrophils reached the wound center and fewer extravascular platelets were present at the limbus (p < 0.05). Diet restored normal wound closure and neutrophil and platelet influx in the injured cornea. These data suggest compositional changes to the diet may be an effective diet-based therapeutic strategy for maintaining or restoring corneal health.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Sucrose/pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cornea ; Corneal Injuries/etiology ; Obesity/etiology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Sucrose (57-50-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24020931
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Article ; Online: Central versus peripheral corneal thickness - A White spot on the corneal (anatomy) map.

Bergmanson, Jan P G / Burns, Alan R / Naroo, Shehzad A

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association

2021 Volume 44, Issue 4, Page(s) 101473

MeSH term(s)	Cornea ; Corneal Pachymetry ; Corneal Topography ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2004847-6
ISSN	1476-5411 ; 1367-0484
ISSN (online)	1476-5411
ISSN	1367-0484
DOI	10.1016/j.clae.2021.101473
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Article ; Online: Updates and Challenges in ENS Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Neurointestinal Diseases.

Ohkura, Takahiro / Burns, Alan J / Hotta, Ryo

Biomolecules

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: Neurointestinal diseases represent a significant challenge in clinical management with current palliative approaches failing to overcome disease and treatment-related morbidity. The recent progress with cell therapy to restore missing or defective ... ...

Abstract	Neurointestinal diseases represent a significant challenge in clinical management with current palliative approaches failing to overcome disease and treatment-related morbidity. The recent progress with cell therapy to restore missing or defective components of the gut neuromusculature offers new hope for potential cures. This review discusses the progress that has been made in the sourcing of putative stem cells and the studies into their biology and therapeutic potential. We also explore some of the practical challenges that must be overcome before cell-based therapies can be applied in the clinical setting. Although a number of obstacles remain, the rapid advances made in the enteric neural stem cell field suggest that such therapies are on the near horizon.
MeSH term(s)	Enteric Nervous System ; Neural Stem Cells ; Intestine, Small ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom14020229
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Article ; Online: Dissociation between Corneal and Cardiometabolic Changes in Response to a Time-Restricted Feeding of a High Fat Diet.

Akowuah, Prince K / Hargrave, Aubrey / Rumbaut, Rolando E / Burns, Alan R

Nutrients

2021 Volume 14, Issue 1

Abstract: Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) ab libitum show corneal dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased sensitivity and impaired wound healing. Time-restricted (TR) feeding can effectively mitigate the cardiometabolic effects of an HFD. To determine if TR ... ...

Abstract	Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) ab libitum show corneal dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased sensitivity and impaired wound healing. Time-restricted (TR) feeding can effectively mitigate the cardiometabolic effects of an HFD. To determine if TR feeding attenuates HFD-induced corneal dysregulation, this study evaluated 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed an ad libitum normal diet (ND), an ad libitum HFD, or a time-restricted (TR) HFD for 10 days. Corneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. A corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored for 30 h. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. TR HFD fed mice gained less weight (
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/pathology ; Cornea/innervation ; Cornea/pathology ; Cornea/physiopathology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/pathology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/pathology ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/pathology ; Time Factors ; Wound Healing ; Mice
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14010139
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Article ; Online: Demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica in high-intensity blood donors.

Liu, Hefei / Burns, Robert T / Spencer, Bryan R / Page, Grier P / Mast, Alan E

Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)

2022 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 288–292

Abstract: Background: Frequent blood donors who contribute multiple times annually are important for maintaining an adequate blood supply. However, repeated donations exacerbate iron deficiency, which can lead to pica, a condition characterised as repeated eating ...

Abstract	Background: Frequent blood donors who contribute multiple times annually are important for maintaining an adequate blood supply. However, repeated donations exacerbate iron deficiency, which can lead to pica, a condition characterised as repeated eating or chewing of a non-nutritious substance such as ice, clay and dirt. Understanding characteristics of frequent donors that are associated with increased risk for developing pica will help to identify them and prevent this adverse consequence of blood donation. Methods: Demographic, clinical, haematological, and biochemical factors associated with pica were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis in a cohort of 1693 high-intensity donors who gave nine or more units of whole blood in the preceding 2 years. Pica was classified by questionnaire responses as consuming at least 8 oz of ice daily and/or consumption of non-ice substances regardless of the amount and frequency. Results: Pica was present in 1.5% of the high-intensity donors, and only occurred in those with ferritin <50 ng/ml. Of 16 candidate variables, only haematocrit (OR = 0.835, p = 0.020) was independently associated with pica. Although severe iron deficiency was more prevalent in high-intensity donors, pica behaviours were less prevalent than in less frequent donors (2.2%). Conclusion: We have uncovered predictors of pica in high-intensity donors, which further emphasises the need to continue to implement iron replacement programs to reduce the prevalence of pica and maintain a robust pool of frequent donors.
MeSH term(s)	Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology ; Blood Donors ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Iron Deficiencies ; Pica/complications ; Pica/epidemiology ; Prevalence
Chemical Substances	Ferritins (9007-73-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067989-3
ISSN	1365-3148 ; 0958-7578
ISSN (online)	1365-3148
ISSN	0958-7578
DOI	10.1111/tme.12890
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Article ; Online: Sex-biased parental investment and female wealth accumulation in ancient California.

Greenwald, Alexandra M / Burns, Gregory R / Eerkens, Jelmer W / Bartelink, Eric J / Leventhal, Alan / Arellano, Monica V

American journal of biological anthropology

2023 Volume 182, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–125

Abstract: Objectives: The mortuary record at Middle Period site Kalawwasa Rummeytak (CA-SCL-134) (2600-1225 cal BP) in California's southern Santa Clara Valley shows pronounced wealth inequality; Olivella shell bead wealth, as well as other grave goods, are ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The mortuary record at Middle Period site Kalawwasa Rummeytak (CA-SCL-134) (2600-1225 cal BP) in California's southern Santa Clara Valley shows pronounced wealth inequality; Olivella shell bead wealth, as well as other grave goods, are concentrated in the burials of several older adult females. The concentration of wealth among women, along with regional strontium isotopic evidence of male-biased residential shifts in early adulthood, suggests a matrilineal kinship system that practiced matrilocal post-marital residence patterns. We suggest local resource enhancement effects incentivized keeping women in their natal communities and investing more in female offspring. Materials and methods: With the consent of, and in collaboration with, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, this paper employs isotopic analysis (δ Results: The average weaning age for females at Kalawwasa Rummeytak is 36.3 months ± 9.7 (1 SD), or just over 3 years. The average weaning age for males is 31.2 ± 7.9 months (1 SD), or about 2.6 years. Infants at the site were provisioned with supplemental foods dominated by C Discussion: Despite the small sample size often unavoidable in archaeological contexts, we find possible female-biased parental investment strategies. Cessation of breastfeeding (weaning) was, on average, 5 months earlier for males compared to females. There are no differences between females and males in the consumption of supplemental or post-weaning foods. Strontium data suggest a flexible postmarital residence system that favored matrilocality. This may have incentivized greater investment in female offspring.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Animals ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Anthropology, Physical ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Strontium Isotopes/analysis ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; San Francisco
Chemical Substances	Carbon Isotopes ; Strontium Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2692-7691
ISSN (online)	2692-7691
DOI	10.1002/ajpa.24806
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Article: Case report: Androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors in eight cats.

Erger, Caylen G / Gerras, Allison L / Conley, Alan J / Gilor, Chen / Burns DeMarle, Karah / Refsal, Kent R / Fleming, Jamie M / Sledge, Dodd G / Langlois, Daniel K

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1158142

Abstract: Urine marking, aggression, and other behavioral concerns are common reasons for cat owners to seek veterinary care. Empiric treatment for lower urinary tract disease or primary behavior disorders are commonly pursued, especially in those cases with ... ...

Abstract	Urine marking, aggression, and other behavioral concerns are common reasons for cat owners to seek veterinary care. Empiric treatment for lower urinary tract disease or primary behavior disorders are commonly pursued, especially in those cases with normal routine laboratory evaluations. Herein, we report the clinicopathologic findings in eight sexually altered cats that were diagnosed with androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors. Nearly all cats (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1158142
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Article ; Online: Dexamethasone and Glucocorticoid-Induced Matrix Temporally Modulate Key Integrins, Caveolins, Contractility, and Stiffness in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Yemanyi, Felix / Baidouri, Hasna / Burns, Alan R / Raghunathan, VijayKrishna

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

2020 Volume 61, Issue 13, Page(s) 16

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the temporal effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and glucocorticoid-induced matrix (GIM) on integrins/integrin adhesomes, caveolins, cytoskeletal-related proteins, and stiffness in human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the temporal effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and glucocorticoid-induced matrix (GIM) on integrins/integrin adhesomes, caveolins, cytoskeletal-related proteins, and stiffness in human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells. Methods: Primary hTM cells were plated on plastic dishes (TCP), treated with vehicle (Veh) or 100 nM DEX in 1% serum media for 1, 3, 5, and 7 day(s). Concurrently, hTM cells were also plated on vehicle control matrices (VehMs) and GIMs for similar time points; VehMs and GIMs had been generated from chronic cultures of Veh-/DEX-stimulated hTM cells and characterized biochemically. Subsets of cells prior to plating on TCP or VehMs / GIMs served as baseline. Protein expression of mechanoreceptors, cytoskeletal-related proteins, and elastic moduli of hTM cells were determined. Results: Compared with Veh, DEX temporally overexpressed αV, β3, and β5 integrins from day 3 to day 7, and integrin linked kinase at day 7, in hTM cells. However, DEX decreased β1 integrin at day 1 and day 7, while increasing Cavin1 at day 7, in a time-independent manner. Further, DEX temporally upregulated α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and RhoA at day 7 and day 5, respectively; while temporally downregulating Cdc42 at day 3 and day 7 in hTM cells. Conversely, GIM showed increased immunostaining of fibronectin extra-domain A and B isoforms. Compared with VehM, GIM temporally increased αV integrin, Cavin1, and RhoA from day 3 to day 7, at day 3 and day 7, and at day 5, respectively, in hTM cells. Further, GIM overexpressed α-SMA at day 3 and day 7, and stiffened hTM cells from day 1 to day 7, in a time-independent fashion. Conclusions: Our data highlight crucial mechanoreceptors, integrin adhesomes, and actin-related proteins that may temporally sustain fibrotic phenotypes precipitated by DEX and/or GIM in hTM cells.
MeSH term(s)	Actins/metabolism ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Caveolins/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Elasticity/physiology ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrins/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Trabecular Meshwork/drug effects ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism
Chemical Substances	ACTA2 protein, human ; Actins ; Caveolins ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Glucocorticoids ; Integrins ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391794-0
ISSN	1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
ISSN (online)	1552-5783
ISSN	0146-0404
DOI	10.1167/iovs.61.13.16
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