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Book: HIV, AIDS and STDs in correctional facilities

Hammett, Theodore M.

[issues and practices]

(Health and justice)

1995

Title variant	1994 update: HIV, AIDS and STDs in correctional facilities ; Nineteen hundred and ninety-four update: HIV, AIDS and STDs in correctional facilities
Institution	USA / Office of Justice Programs
Author's details	US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs ... By Theodore M. Hammett
Series title	Health and justice
Keywords	HIV Infections / epidemiology / United States ; HIV Infections / prevention & control / United States ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / epidemiology / United States ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / prevention & control / United States ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases / epidemiology / United States ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases / prevention & control / United States ; Prisons / United States ; Prisons
Language	English
Size	XV, 87 S.
Edition	1994 update
Publishing place	Washington, DC
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT007460211
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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1997 A 2421	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: Unrecognized "AIDS" in Monkeys, 1969-1980: Explanations and Implications.

Hammett, Theodore M / Bronson, Roderick T

American journal of public health

2016 Volume 106, Issue 6, Page(s) 1015–1022

Abstract: AIDS was recognized in humans in 1981 and a simian form was described in the years 1983 to 1985. However, beginning in the late 1960s, outbreaks of opportunistic infections of AIDS were seen in monkeys in the United States. This apparent syndrome went ... ...

Abstract	AIDS was recognized in humans in 1981 and a simian form was described in the years 1983 to 1985. However, beginning in the late 1960s, outbreaks of opportunistic infections of AIDS were seen in monkeys in the United States. This apparent syndrome went unrecognized at the time. We have assembled those early cases in monkeys and offer reasons why they did not result in earlier recognition of simian or human AIDS, including weaknesses in understanding disease mechanisms, absence of evidence of human retroviruses, and a climate of opinion that devalued investigation of infectious disease and immunologic origins of disease. The "epistemological obstacle" explains important elements of this history in that misconceptions blocked understanding of the dependent relationship among viral infection, immunodeficiency, and opportunistic diseases. Had clearer understanding of the evidence from monkeys allowed human AIDS to be recognized earlier, life-saving prevention and treatment interventions might have been implemented sooner.
MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/history ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/veterinary ; Animals ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Monkey Diseases/history ; Opportunistic Infections ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Retroviridae Infections/history ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2016.303085
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of HIV prevention interventions for people who inject drugs in low- and middle-income countries--the current and future state of the art.

Hammett, Theodore M / Parsons, Danielle S

The International journal on drug policy

2014 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 336–339

MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Harm Reduction ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2010000-0
ISSN	1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
ISSN (online)	1873-4758
ISSN	0955-3959
DOI	10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.006
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Article ; Online: Sexually transmitted diseases and incarceration.

Hammett, Theodore M

Current opinion in infectious diseases

2009 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 77–81

Abstract: Purpose of review: To summarize recent literature on the prevalence and burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - focusing on syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea - among adult correctional inmates and detained juveniles. The review is largely ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: To summarize recent literature on the prevalence and burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - focusing on syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea - among adult correctional inmates and detained juveniles. The review is largely limited to US settings. Recent findings: The prevalence is higher and the consequences of STDs are generally more severe for incarcerated women than men. Chlamydia and gonorrhea may be more prevalent among confined juveniles than among incarcerated adults, whereas syphilis is probably more prevalent among adults. The opportunity exists to provide effective STD prevention, screening, and treatment to seriously affected and underserved correctional populations, thus benefiting patients and their partners as well as the larger public health. Substantial research shows how screening might be targeted to be most cost-effective. Few correctional systems, however, have implemented the STD screening and treatment programs needed to take full advantage of this public health opportunity. Moreover, few systems have adopted condom provision for inmates, in the face of clear evidence that high-risk sexual activity occurs in correctional settings. Summary: The clinical tools are available to improve STD prevention, screening, and treatment in correctional facilities. However, more research and advocacy is needed to convince decision makers of the importance of committing the necessary resources and adopting the policies needed to close the gap between opportunity and reality in correctional STD programs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Gonorrhea/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prisons ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Syphilis/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0b013e328320a85d
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Article ; Online: Integrating HIV/AIDS in Vietnam's Social Health Insurance Scheme

Nazzareno Todini / Theodore M. Hammett / Robert Fryatt

Health Systems & Reform, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 114-

Experience and Lessons from the Health Finance and Governance Project, 2014–2017

2018 Volume 124

Abstract: Abstract—This article describes the lessons learned by USAID's Health Finance and Governance project over three years of implementation of health system strengthening activities in Vietnam. The authors recount the project's approach to supporting ... ...

Abstract	Abstract—This article describes the lessons learned by USAID's Health Finance and Governance project over three years of implementation of health system strengthening activities in Vietnam. The authors recount the project's approach to supporting significant advancements in the government of Vietnam's (GVN) efforts to transition the financing of HIV/AIDS from donors to domestic resources, while assuring adequate coverage and financial protection for people living with HIV. Through an adaptive method of technical assistance design and delivery, the project aligned early on with the GVN's policy to finance HIV through Social Health Insurance and supported the Ministry of Health, the Vietnam Authority for AIDS Control, and the Vietnam Social Security agency in ensuring the long-term sustainability of HIV programs in the country. Major lessons included the importance of working within complex adaptive systems, the need to work within the country's existing policy framework, and the aim of creating and disseminating evidence in a cyclical fashion to sustain deliberate, persistent advocacy activities to guide and support the relevant decision makers.
Keywords	health financing ; health systems strengthening ; hiv/aids ; social health insurance ; vietnam ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases among correctional inmates: transmission, burden, and an appropriate response.

Hammett, Theodore M

American journal of public health

2006 Volume 96, Issue 6, Page(s) 974–978

Abstract: Correctional inmates engage in drug-related and sexual risk behaviors, and the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases occurs in correctional facilities. However, there is uncertainty about the extent of transmission, and ... ...

Abstract	Correctional inmates engage in drug-related and sexual risk behaviors, and the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases occurs in correctional facilities. However, there is uncertainty about the extent of transmission, and hyperbolic descriptions of its extent may further stigmatize inmates and elicit punitive responses. Whether infection was acquired within or outside correctional facilities, the prevalence of HIV and other infectious diseases is much higher among inmates than among those in the general community, and the burden of disease among inmates and releasees is disproportionately heavy. A comprehensive response is needed, including voluntary counseling and testing on request that is linked to high-quality treatment, disease prevention education, substance abuse treatment, and discharge planning and transitional programs for releasees.
MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Interinstitutional Relations ; Mandatory Testing ; Prevalence ; Prisoners/psychology ; Prisoners/statistics & numerical data ; Prisons ; Public Health Administration/trends ; Risk-Taking ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2005.066993
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Book: Prisons and AIDS

Braithwaite, Ronald L. / Hammett, Theodore M. / Mayberry, Robert M.

a public health challenge

(The Jossey-Bass health series)

1996

Author's details	Ronald L. Braithwaite ; Theodore M. Hammett ; Robert M. Mayberry
Series title	The Jossey-Bass health series
Keywords	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Prisoners ; USA ; Aids ; Strafvollzug
Subject	Justizvollzug ; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Erworbenes Immundefektsyndrom
Language	English
Size	XXIII, 247 S.
Edition	1. ed.
Publisher	Jossey-Bass
Publishing place	San Francisco
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT007952515
ISBN	0-7879-0308-6 ; 978-0-7879-0308-4
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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1997 A 8380	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: Working With Persons Who Inject Drugs and Live in Rural Areas: Implications From China/Vietnam for the USA.

Des Jarlais, Don C / Hammett, Theodore M / Kieu, Binh / Chen, Yi / Feelemyer, Jonathan

Current HIV/AIDS reports

2018 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 302–307

Abstract: Purpose of review: To describe a small city/rural area HIV prevention project (the Cross Border Project) implemented in Ning Ming County, Guangxi Province, China, and Lang Son province, Vietnam, and consider its implications for addressing the opioid/ ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: To describe a small city/rural area HIV prevention project (the Cross Border Project) implemented in Ning Ming County, Guangxi Province, China, and Lang Son province, Vietnam, and consider its implications for addressing the opioid/heroin epidemic in small cities/rural areas in the USA. The description and the outcomes of the Cross Border project were taken from published reports, project records, and recent data provided by local public health authorities. Evaluation included serial cross-sectional surveys of people who inject drugs to assess trends in risk behaviors and HIV prevalence. HIV incidence was estimated from prevalence among new injectors and through BED testing. Recent findings: The Cross Border project operated from 2002 to 2010. Key components of the project 2 included the use of peer outreach workers for HIV/AIDS education, distribution of sterile injection equipment and condoms, and collection of used injection equipment. The project had the strong support of local authorities, including law enforcement, and the general community. Significant reductions in risk behavior, HIV prevalence, and estimated HIV incidence were observed. Community support for the project was maintained. Activities have been continued and expanded since the project formally ended. The Cross Border project faced challenges similar to those occurring in the current opioid crisis in US small cities/rural areas: poor transportation, limited resources (particularly trained staff), poverty, and potential community opposition to helping people who use drugs. It should be possible to adapt the strategies used in the Cross Border project to small cities/rural areas in the US opioid epidemic.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Health Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; Rural Population ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology ; Vietnam/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2151206-1
ISSN	1548-3576 ; 1548-3568
ISSN (online)	1548-3576
ISSN	1548-3568
DOI	10.1007/s11904-018-0405-0
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Article ; Online: Adopting more systematic approaches to hepatitis C treatment in correctional facilities.

Hammett, Theodore M

Annals of internal medicine

2003 Volume 138, Issue 3, Page(s) 235–236

MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/economics ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Costs ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/prevention & control ; Humans ; Prisons ; Rhode Island
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/0003-4819-138-3-200302040-00021
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among men who inject drugs in a remote area of Vietnam.

Nghiem, Van T / Bui, Thanh C / Nadol, Patrick P / Phan, Son H / Kieu, Binh T / Kling, Ryan / Hammett, Theodore M

Harm reduction journal

2018 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Background: Lack of information on the HIV epidemic among men who inject drugs (MWID) in northwestern Vietnam, a remote area, may hamper national efforts to control the disease. We examined HIV prevalence, needle-syringe sharing behaviors, and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Lack of information on the HIV epidemic among men who inject drugs (MWID) in northwestern Vietnam, a remote area, may hamper national efforts to control the disease. We examined HIV prevalence, needle-syringe sharing behaviors, and associated factors among MWID in three areas of northwestern Vietnam. Methods: We used descriptive analysis to report the characteristics, frequency of risk behaviors, and of access to healthcare services among the MWID. Univariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between the HIV infection, needle-syringe sharing behaviors, and their independent variables. We further explored these associations in multivariable analyses where we included independent variables based on a priori knowledge and their associations with the dependent variables determined in univariable analyses (p < 0.25). Results: The HIV prevalence was 37.9, 16.9, and 18.5% for Tuan Giao, Bat Xat, and Lao Cai City, respectively, and 25.4% overall. MWID of Thai minority ethnicity were more likely to be HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-6.87). The rate of needle-syringe sharing in the previous 6 months was approximately 9% among the MWID in Tuan Giao and Lao Cai City, and 27.8% in Bat Xat. Two thirds of the participants never underwent HIV testing before this study. Ever having been tested for HIV before this study was not associated with any needle-syringe sharing behaviors. Among the HIV-positive MWID, those who received free clean needles and syringes were less likely to give used needles and syringes to peers (AOR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06-0.79). Going to a "hotspot" in the previous week was associated with increased odds of needle-syringe sharing in multiple subgroups. Conclusion: Our findings on HIV prevalence and testing participation among a subset of MWID in the northwestern Vietnam were corroborated with trend analysis results from the most recent HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance report (data last collected in 2013.) We provided important insights into these MWID's risky injection behaviors. We suggest heightened emphasis on HIV testing and needle and syringe provision for this population. Also, policymakers and program implementers should target hotspots as a main venue to tackle HIV epidemics.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Needle Sharing/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ISSN	1477-7517
ISSN (online)	1477-7517
DOI	10.1186/s12954-018-0210-5
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