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  1. Article ; Online: Assessment of a Potential Synergistic Effect of Souvenaid® in Mild Alzheimer's Disease Patients on Treatment with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: An Observational, Non-Interventional Study.

    Viñuela, Félix / Barro, Angeles

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

    2021  Volume 80, Issue 4, Page(s) 1377–1382

    Abstract: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Souvenaid (a multinutrient supplement) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) in real clinical practice and assessed a potential synergistic effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Clinical ... ...

    Abstract We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Souvenaid (a multinutrient supplement) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) in real clinical practice and assessed a potential synergistic effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale was evaluated after six months follow-up. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the treatment they received: Souvenaid + AChE inhibitors (n = 23); only Souvenaid (n = 8); only AChE inhibitors (n = 7); no treatment (n = 16). The Souvenaid + AChE inhibitors and Souvenaid alone groups were associated with significantly lower increases in CDR per month than the AChE inhibitors or no treatment ones. The efficacy of Souvenaid + AChE inhibitors tended to be higher than Souvenaid alone.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests ; Nootropic Agents/administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Nootropic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1440127-7
    ISSN 1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
    ISSN (online) 1875-8908
    ISSN 1387-2877
    DOI 10.3233/JAD-201357
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  2. Article ; Online: Lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Fernández, Tiziana / Viñuela, Macarena / Vidal, Catalina / Barrera, Francisco

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e0263931

    Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a liver condition that is increasing worldwide and expected to become the number one cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the next 5 years. Currently there are no successful or approved ... ...

    Abstract Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a liver condition that is increasing worldwide and expected to become the number one cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the next 5 years. Currently there are no successful or approved pharmacological treatments. Weight loss is the first-line therapy as a 7 to 10% reduction improves steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and fibrosis. To achieve this, lifestyle interventions including daily exercise and diet must be encouraged. We aimed to assess the effects of diet, exercise, or a combination of both compared to conventional treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Methods and finding: A literature search was performed in CENTRAL, EMBASE, and PubMed. Randomized controlled trials comparing lifestyle changes with conventional treatment were included, without date restriction. Two authors searched studies according to eligibility criteria, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Subgroup analysis was made by type of intervention, duration of intervention and supervision. We calculated mean differences between the intervention and the control group with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of bias tool. This study is registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42020184241, and checked with the PRISMA checklist. 30 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Compared to conventional treatment, combined exercise with diet seems to elicit greater reductions in ALT (MD: -13.27 CI 95% -21.39, -5.16), AST (MD: -7.02 CI 95% -11.26, -2.78) and HOMA-IR (MD: -2.07 CI 95% -2.61, -1.46) than diet (ALT MD: -4.48 CI 95% -1.01, -0.21; HOMA-IR MD: -0.61 CI 95% -1.01, -0.21) and exercise (ALT and AST non-significant; HOMA-IR MD = -0.46 CI 95% -0.8, -0.12) alone. Additionally, exercise improved quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and weight (MD: -2.64 CI 95% -5.18, -0.09).
    Conclusion: Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of NAFLD. Diet and exercise combined are superior to these interventions alone in improving liver enzymes and HOMA-IR.
    MeSH term(s) Exercise ; Humans ; Life Style ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/psychology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Weight Loss
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0263931
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  3. Article: Combined Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

    Ríos-Viñuela, Elisa / Mayo-Martínez, Fatima / Nagore, Eduardo / Millan-Esteban, David / Requena, Celia / Sanmartín, Onofre / Llombart, Beatriz

    Cancers

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 2

    Abstract: Combined Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have classically been regarded as more aggressive than conventional, pure, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-positive MCC. It is still unknown whether combined MCC and SCC are more ... ...

    Abstract Combined Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have classically been regarded as more aggressive than conventional, pure, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-positive MCC. It is still unknown whether combined MCC and SCC are more aggressive than pure, MCPyV-negative MCC, and the origin of both the SCC and MCC elements of these combined tumors has not been elucidated. The main objective of this systematic review was to assess whether combined MCC and SCC tumors are associated with a worse prognosis than pure MCC; the secondary goals were the characterization of the clinical and histopathological features of these combined neoplasms. A total of 38 studies, including 152 patients, were selected for review. In total, 76% of the cases were MCPyV-negative, whereas 4% were MCPyV-positive. The most frequent histopathological pattern was that of an SCC in situ combined with a dermal MCC (36%), followed by both an in situ and invasive SCC combined with a dermal MCC (20%). Forty-seven percent of all cases fitted in the morphology of the so-called "collision tumors". Three combined MCC cases that would fit in the morphological category of collision tumors presented both squamous and neuroendocrine elements in their respective nodal metastases. The mean overall survival was 36 months, comparable to that of pure, MCPyV-negative MCC. This review found similarly aggressive behavior for combined MCC and SCC and pure, MCPyV-negative MCC. Preliminary data strongly suggest that all MCPyV-negative MCC tumors, whether combined or pure, are part of a common spectrum.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers16020411
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  4. Article ; Online: Pesticide residues in nectar and pollen of melon crops: Risk to pollinators and effects of a specific pesticide mixture on Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) micro-colonies.

    Azpiazu, Celeste / Medina, Pilar / Sgolastra, Fabio / Moreno-Delafuente, Ana / Viñuela, Elisa

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2023  Volume 326, Page(s) 121451

    Abstract: Residues detected in pollen collected by honey bees are often used to estimate pesticide exposure in ecotoxicological studies. However, for a more accurate assessment of pesticides effect on foraging pollinators, residues found directly on flowers are a ... ...

    Abstract Residues detected in pollen collected by honey bees are often used to estimate pesticide exposure in ecotoxicological studies. However, for a more accurate assessment of pesticides effect on foraging pollinators, residues found directly on flowers are a more realistic exposure approximation. We conducted a multi-residue analysis of pesticides on pollen and nectar of melon flowers collected from five fields. The cumulative chronic oral exposure Risk Index (RI) was calculated for Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis to multiple pesticides. However, this index could underestimate the risk since sublethal or synergistic effects are not considered. Therefore, a mixture containing three of the most frequently detected pesticides in our study was tested for synergistic impact on B. terrestris micro-colonies through a chronic oral toxicity test. According to the result, pollen and nectar samples contained numerous pesticide residues, including nine insecticides, nine fungicides, and one herbicide. Eleven of those were not applied by farmers during the crop season, revealing that melon agroecosystems may be pesticide contaminated environments. The primary contributor to the chronic RI was imidacloprid and O. bircornis is at greatest risk for lethality resulting from chronic oral exposure at these sites. In the bumblebee micro-colony bioassay, dietary exposure to acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and oxamyl at residue level concentration, showed no effects on worker mortality, drone production or drone size and no synergies were detected when pesticide mixtures were evaluated. In conclusion, our findings have significant implications for improving pesticide risk assessment schemes to guarantee pollinator conservation. In particular, bee pesticide risk assessment should not be limited to acute exposure effects to isolated active ingredients in honey bees. Instead, risk assessments should consider the long-term pesticide exposure effects in both pollen and nectar on a range of bees that reflect the diversity of natural ecosystems and the synergistic potential among pesticide formulations.
    MeSH term(s) Bees ; Animals ; Pesticides/analysis ; Pesticide Residues/toxicity ; Pesticide Residues/analysis ; Plant Nectar ; Hymenoptera ; Ecosystem ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Insecticides/analysis ; Crops, Agricultural ; Pollen/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Pesticides ; Pesticide Residues ; Plant Nectar ; Insecticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121451
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  5. Article: Topical Imiquimod in Primary Cutaneous Extramammary Paget's Disease: A Systematic Review.

    Mayo-Martínez, Fátima / Moro, Ruggero / Millán-Esteban, David / Ríos-Viñuela, Elisa / Bautista, Iker Javier / Nagore, Eduardo / Sanmartín, Onofre / Llombart, Beatriz

    Cancers

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 23

    Abstract: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is subclinical in extent and multifocal in nature. There is no global consensus for treatment, so its management represents a challenge in clinical practice. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review through the main ...

    Abstract Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is subclinical in extent and multifocal in nature. There is no global consensus for treatment, so its management represents a challenge in clinical practice. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review through the main electronic databases to assess the effectiveness of topical imiquimod in cutaneous EMPD and to discuss its management. Finally, 24 studies involving a total of 233 EMPD patients treated with topical imiquimod were selected. The topical imiquimod response rate was 67%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 48%. Patients were treated with a three-four times a week regimen in most cases, ranging between 2 to 52 weeks. In addition, imiquimod was applied as an adjunctive treatment in 21 patients, achieving a CR rate of 71%. Consequently, imiquimod therapy could achieve a good response ratio as a first-line treatment, as adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapy, and as a treatment for recurrent disease. The heterogeneity between studies and the lack of a control arm made it impossible to conduct a meta-analysis. To improve the quality of evidence on EMPD, multicenter studies are essential to collect a larger number of patients and, consequently, obtain high-quality evidence to standardize treatment. The Prospero registration number is CRD42023447443.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers15235665
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  6. Article ; Online: Prevalence of treated patients with Alzheimer's disease: current trends and COVID-19 impact.

    Olazarán, Javier / Carnero-Pardo, Cristóbal / Fortea, Juan / Sánchez-Juan, Pascual / García-Ribas, Guillermo / Viñuela, Félix / Martínez-Lage, Pablo / Boada, Mercè

    Alzheimer's research & therapy

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 130

    Abstract: Background: There are few updated studies on the prevalence and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which could be underdiagnosed or undertreated. The COVID-19 pandemic may have worsened the deficiencies in the diagnosis and treatment of these ... ...

    Abstract Background: There are few updated studies on the prevalence and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which could be underdiagnosed or undertreated. The COVID-19 pandemic may have worsened the deficiencies in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Electronic medical records (EMR) offer an opportunity to assess the impact and management of medical processes and contingencies in the population.
    Objective: To estimate AD prevalence in Spain over a 6-year period, based on treated patients, according to usual clinical practice. Additionally, to describe the management of AD-treated patients and the evolution of that treatment during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
    Methods: Retrospective study using the Spanish IQVIA EMR database. Patients treated with donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and/or memantine were included in the study. Annual AD prevalence (2015-2020) was estimated and extrapolated to the national population level. Most frequent treatments and involved specialties were described. To assess the effect of COVID-19, the incidence of new AD cases in 2020 was calculated and compared with newly diagnosed cases in 2019.
    Results: Crude AD prevalence (2015-2020) was estimated at 760.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, and age-standardized prevalence (2020) was 664.6 (male 595.7, female 711.0). Monotherapy was the most frequent way to treat AD (86.2%), in comparison with dual therapy (13.8%); rivastigmine was the most prescribed treatment (37.3%), followed by memantine (36.4%) and donepezil (33.0%). Rivastigmine was also the most utilized medication in newly treated patients (46.7%), followed by donepezil (29.8%), although donepezil persistence was longer (22.5 vs. 20.6 months). Overall, donepezil 10 mg, rivastigmine 9.5 mg, and memantine 20 mg were the most prescribed presentations. The incidence rate of AD decreased from 148.1/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 147.0-149.2) in 2019 to 118.4/100,000 (95% CI 117.5-119.4) in 2020.
    Conclusions: The obtained prevalence of AD-treated patients was consistent with previous face-to-face studies. In contrast with previous studies, rivastigmine, rather than donepezil, was the most frequent treatment. A decrease in the incidence of AD-treated patients was observed during 2020 in comparison with 2019, presumably due to the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both diagnosis and treatment. EMR databases emerge as valuable tools to monitor in real time the incidence and management of medical conditions in the population, as well as to assess the health impact of global contingencies and interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology ; Donepezil/therapeutic use ; Rivastigmine/therapeutic use ; Memantine/therapeutic use ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Pandemics ; Prevalence ; Piperidines/therapeutic use ; Phenylcarbamates/therapeutic use ; Indans/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Galantamine/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Donepezil (8SSC91326P) ; Rivastigmine (PKI06M3IW0) ; Memantine (W8O17SJF3T) ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Piperidines ; Phenylcarbamates ; Indans ; Galantamine (0D3Q044KCA)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2506521-X
    ISSN 1758-9193 ; 1758-9193
    ISSN (online) 1758-9193
    ISSN 1758-9193
    DOI 10.1186/s13195-023-01271-0
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  7. Article ; Online: Analyzing Circle of Willis blood flow in ischemic stroke patients through 3D Stroke Arterial Flow Estimation.

    Chien, Aichi / Viñuela, Fernando

    Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences

    2017  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 427–432

    Abstract: Background The objective of ischemic stroke (IS) treatment is to achieve revascularization in cerebral arteries to restore blood flow. However, there is no available method to extract arterial flow data from clinical CTA images. We developed 3D Stroke ... ...

    Abstract Background The objective of ischemic stroke (IS) treatment is to achieve revascularization in cerebral arteries to restore blood flow. However, there is no available method to extract arterial flow data from clinical CTA images. We developed 3D Stroke Arterial Flow Estimation (SAFE), which provides blood flow data throughout the Circle of Willis based on 3D CTA and allows comparison of arterial flow distribution in the brain. Methods We implemented a newly developed 3D vascular reconstruction algorithm for clinical stroke CTA images. Based on the patient-specific vascular structure, SAFE calculates time-resolved blood flow information for the entire Circle of Willis and allows quantitative flow study of IS cases. Clinical IS cases are presented to demonstrate the feasibility. Four patients with CTA images and CT perfusion data were studied. To validate the SAFE analysis, correlation analysis comparing blood flow at the MCA, ICA, and BA was performed. Results Different blood flow patterns were found in individual IS patients. Altered flow patterns and high collateral flow rates were found near occlusions in all cases. Quantitative comparison of blood flow data showed that SAFE obtained flow data and CTP were significantly correlated and provide complementary information about cerebral blood flow for individual patients. Conclusions We present SAFE analysis for collecting detailed time-resolved cerebral arterial flow data in the entire Circle of Willis for IS. Further study with more cases may be important to test the clinical utilization of SAFE and helpful to the study of the underlying hemodynamics of stroke.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Circle of Willis ; Collateral Circulation ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Iohexol ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Iohexol (4419T9MX03)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1354913-3
    ISSN 2385-2011 ; 1591-0199 ; 1123-9344
    ISSN (online) 2385-2011
    ISSN 1591-0199 ; 1123-9344
    DOI 10.1177/1591019917703073
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  8. Article ; Online: Evaluation of a combined detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants using real-time allele-specific PCR strategy: an advantage for clinical practice.

    Chaves-Blanco, Lucía / de Salazar, Adolfo / Fuentes, Ana / Viñuela, Laura / Perez-Florido, Javier / Dopazo, Joaquín / García, Federico

    Epidemiology and infection

    2023  Volume 151, Page(s) e201

    Abstract: This study aimed to assess the ability of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with multiple targets to detect SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in a single test. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from patients in Granada, ...

    Abstract This study aimed to assess the ability of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with multiple targets to detect SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in a single test. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from patients in Granada, Spain, between January 2021 and December 2022. Five allele-specific RT-PCR kits were used sequentially, with each kit designed to detect a predominant variant at the time. When the Alpha variant was dominant, the kit included the HV69/70 deletion, E and N genes. When Delta replaced Alpha, the kit incorporated the L452R mutation in addition to E and N genes. When Omicron became dominant, L452R was replaced with the N679K mutation. Before incorporating each variant kit, a comparative analysis was carried out with SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (WGS). The results demonstrated that RT-PCR with multiple targets can provide rapid and effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in a single test. A very high degree of agreement (96.2%) was obtained between the comparison of RT-PCR and WGS. Allele-specific RT-PCR assays make it easier to implement epidemiological surveillance systems for effective public health decision making.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/genetics ; Alleles ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; COVID-19 Testing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632982-2
    ISSN 1469-4409 ; 0950-2688
    ISSN (online) 1469-4409
    ISSN 0950-2688
    DOI 10.1017/S095026882300184X
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  9. Article: Hemodynamic and Anatomical Factors in Arteriovenous Malformation Clinical Presentation: 45 Case Studies.

    Chalil, Alan / Raupp, Eduardo F / Duckwiler, Gary R / Viñuela, Fernando / Lownie, Stephen P

    The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques

    2021  Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–43

    Abstract: Background: Hemodynamic factors have been implicated in hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The goal of this endovascular study is to analyze the hemodynamic variability in AVM feeders in a balanced group of ruptured and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hemodynamic factors have been implicated in hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The goal of this endovascular study is to analyze the hemodynamic variability in AVM feeders in a balanced group of ruptured and unruptured AVMs of various sizes and at both superficial and deep locations.
    Methods: We monitored feeder artery pressure (FP) using microcatheters in 45 patients with AVMs (16 with hemorrhage, 29 without) during superselective angiography and AVM embolization.
    Results: Mean FP was 49 mm Hg. Significant determinants of FP were the systemic pressure (
    Conclusion: The pressure in the feeding artery supplying an AVM is the result of factors which include the systemic arterial pressure, the size of the AVM nidus, and the distance of the AVM from the Circle of Willis. The correlation between these variables makes it difficult to study the risk of hemorrhage as a function of a single factor, which may account for the variation in the conclusions of previous studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy ; Hemodynamics ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Arteries ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197622-9
    ISSN 0317-1671
    ISSN 0317-1671
    DOI 10.1017/cjn.2021.254
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  10. Article ; Online: Combining transcranial direct current stimulation with hand robotic rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial.

    Bernal-Jiménez, Juan J / Dileone, Michele / Mordillo-Mateos, Laura / Martín-Conty, José L / Durantez-Fernández, Carlos / Viñuela, Antonio / Martín-Rodríguez, Francisco / Lerin-Calvo, Alfredo / Alcántara-Porcuna, Vanesa / Polonio-López, Begoña

    American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with end-effector robot-assisted treatment (RAT) on upper limb function, spasticity, and hand dexterity in chronic stroke patients.: Design: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with end-effector robot-assisted treatment (RAT) on upper limb function, spasticity, and hand dexterity in chronic stroke patients.
    Design: This was a prospective, double-blind randomized trial with 20 equally allocated stroke patients. The experimental group received dual-tDCS (anode over affected M1, cathode over contralateral M1) alongside RAT, while the control group received sham tDCS with the same electrode placement + RAT. Each patient underwent 20 combined tDCS and RAT sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl Meyer Upper Limb motor score (mFM-UL), with secondary outcomes including AMADEO® kinematic measures, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-rehabilitation, and three months later.
    Results: Combining bilateral tDCS with RAT did not yield additional improvements in mFM-UL, FIM, or ARAT scores among stroke patients. However, the real tDCS group showed enhanced finger flexion in the affected hand based on AMADEO® kinematic measures.
    Conclusion: The addition of tDCS to RAT did not result in significant overall functional improvements in chronic stroke patients. However, a benefit was observed in finger flexion of the affected hand.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219390-5
    ISSN 1537-7385 ; 0002-9491 ; 0894-9115
    ISSN (online) 1537-7385
    ISSN 0002-9491 ; 0894-9115
    DOI 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002446
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