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  1. Article ; Online: Measuring and exploring mental health determinants: a closer look at co-residents' effect using a multilevel structural equations model.

    Gabr, Hend / Baragilly, Mohammed / Willis, Brian H

    BMC medical research methodology

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 236

    Abstract: Objective: Previous research has demonstrated that individual risk of mental illness is associated with individual, co-resident, and household risk factors. However, modelling the overall effect of these risk factors presents several methodological ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Previous research has demonstrated that individual risk of mental illness is associated with individual, co-resident, and household risk factors. However, modelling the overall effect of these risk factors presents several methodological challenges. In this study we apply a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) to address some of these challenges and the impact of the different determinants when measuring mental health risk.
    Study design and setting: Two thousand, one hundred forty-three individuals aged 16 and over from 888 households were analysed based on the Household Survey for England-2014 dataset. We applied MSEM to simultaneously measure and identify psychiatric morbidity determinants while accounting for the dependency among individuals within the same household and the measurement errors.
    Results: Younger age, female gender, non-working status, headship of the household, having no close relationship with other people, having history of mental illness and obesity were all significant (p < 0.01) individual risk factors for psychiatric morbidity. A previous history of mental illness in the co-residents, living in a deprived household, and a lack of closeness in relationships among residents were also significant predictors. Model fit indices showed a very good model specification (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.023, GFI = 0.992).
    Conclusion: Measuring and addressing mental health determinants should consider not only an individual's characteristics but also the co-residents and the households in which they live.
    MeSH term(s) England/epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041362-2
    ISSN 1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
    ISSN (online) 1471-2288
    ISSN 1471-2288
    DOI 10.1186/s12874-022-01711-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Measuring and exploring mental health determinants

    Hend Gabr / Mohammed Baragilly / Brian H. Willis

    BMC Medical Research Methodology, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a closer look at co-residents’ effect using a multilevel structural equations model

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Objective Previous research has demonstrated that individual risk of mental illness is associated with individual, co-resident, and household risk factors. However, modelling the overall effect of these risk factors presents several ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Objective Previous research has demonstrated that individual risk of mental illness is associated with individual, co-resident, and household risk factors. However, modelling the overall effect of these risk factors presents several methodological challenges. In this study we apply a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) to address some of these challenges and the impact of the different determinants when measuring mental health risk. Study design and setting Two thousand, one hundred forty-three individuals aged 16 and over from 888 households were analysed based on the Household Survey for England-2014 dataset. We applied MSEM to simultaneously measure and identify psychiatric morbidity determinants while accounting for the dependency among individuals within the same household and the measurement errors. Results Younger age, female gender, non-working status, headship of the household, having no close relationship with other people, having history of mental illness and obesity were all significant (p < 0.01) individual risk factors for psychiatric morbidity. A previous history of mental illness in the co-residents, living in a deprived household, and a lack of closeness in relationships among residents were also significant predictors. Model fit indices showed a very good model specification (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.023, GFI = 0.992). Conclusion Measuring and addressing mental health determinants should consider not only an individual’s characteristics but also the co-residents and the households in which they live.
    Keywords Multilevel structural equations ; Psychiatric morbidity ; GHQ-12 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Clustering functional data using forward search based on functional spatial ranks with medical applications.

    Baragilly, Mohammed / Gabr, Hend / Willis, Brian H

    Statistical methods in medical research

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–61

    Abstract: Cluster analysis of functional data is finding increasing application in the field of medical research and statistics. Here we introduce a functional version of the forward search methodology for the purpose of functional data clustering. The proposed ... ...

    Abstract Cluster analysis of functional data is finding increasing application in the field of medical research and statistics. Here we introduce a functional version of the forward search methodology for the purpose of functional data clustering. The proposed forward search algorithm is based on the functional spatial ranks and is a data-driven non-parametric method. It does not require any preprocessing functional data steps, nor does it require any dimension reduction before clustering. The Forward Search Based on Functional Spatial Rank (FSFSR) algorithm identifies the number of clusters in the curves and provides the basis for the accurate assignment of each curve to its cluster. We apply it to three simulated datasets and two real medical datasets, and compare it with six other standard methods. Based on both simulated and real data, the FSFSR algorithm identifies the correct number of clusters. Furthermore, when compared with six standard methods used for clustering and classification, it records the lowest misclassification rate. We conclude that the FSFSR algorithm has the potential to cluster and classify functional data.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1136948-6
    ISSN 1477-0334 ; 0962-2802
    ISSN (online) 1477-0334
    ISSN 0962-2802
    DOI 10.1177/09622802211002865
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Clinical scores in primary care.

    Willis, Brian H / Coomar, Dyuti / Baragilly, Mohammed

    The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 695, Page(s) 279

    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1043148-2
    ISSN 1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    ISSN (online) 1478-5242
    ISSN 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    DOI 10.3399/bjgp20X709985
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Evaluating the Reliability of Emergency Response Systems for Large-Scale Incident Operations

    Jackson, Brian A / Sullivan Faith, Kay / Willis, Henry H

    2010  

    Keywords Natural disasters ; Terrorism, armed struggle ; Social impact of disasters ; Sociology ; Political Science ; Environmental Science
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource
    Publisher RAND Corporation
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030610789
    ISBN 9780833050052 ; 0833050052
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  6. Book ; Online: Emerging Threats and Security Planning

    Jackson, Brian A / Frelinger, David R / Bushman, Charles J / Willis, Henry H

    How Should We Decide What Hypothetical Threats to Worry About?

    2009  

    Keywords Terrorism, armed struggle ; Political Science
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource
    Publisher RAND Corporation
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030611994
    ISBN 9780833047311 ; 0833047310
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  7. Article ; Online: Placement of an External Ventricular Drain.

    Dossani, Rimal H / Patra, Devi P / Terrell, Danielle L / Willis, Brian

    The New England journal of medicine

    2021  Volume 384, Issue 2, Page(s) e3

    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Drainage/instrumentation ; Drainage/methods ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/instrumentation ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMvcm1805314
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Hydropower representation in water and energy system models

    David E Rheinheimer / Brian Tarroja / Anna M Rallings / Ann D Willis / Joshua H Viers

    Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, Vol 3, Iss 1, p

    a review of divergences and call for reconciliation

    2023  Volume 012001

    Abstract: Reservoir-based hydropower systems represent key interactions between water and energy systems and are being transformed under policy initiatives driven by increasing water and energy demand, the desire to reduce environmental impacts, and interacting ... ...

    Abstract Reservoir-based hydropower systems represent key interactions between water and energy systems and are being transformed under policy initiatives driven by increasing water and energy demand, the desire to reduce environmental impacts, and interacting effects of climate change. Such policies are often guided by complex system models, whereby divergence in system representations can potentially translate to incompatible planning outcomes, thereby undermining any planning that may rely on them. We review different approaches and assumptions in hydropower representation in water and energy systems. While the models and issues are relevant globally, the review focuses on applications in California given its extensive development of energy and water models for policy planning, but discusses the extent to which these observations apply to other regions. Structurally, both water-driven and energy-driven management models are similar. However, in energy models, hydropower is often represented as a single-priority output. Water management models typically allocate water for competing priorities, which are generally uninformed by dynamic electricity load demand, and often result in a lower priority for hydropower. In water models, constraints are increasingly resolved for non-energy components (e.g. inflow hydrology and non-energy water demand); few analogues exist for energy models. These limitations may result in inadequate representations of each respective sector, and vastly different planning outcomes for the same facilities between the two different sectors. These divergent modeling approaches manifest themselves in California where poorly reconciled outcomes may affect decisions in hydropower licensing, electricity grid flexibility and decarbonization, and planning for environmental water. Fully integrated water-energy models are computationally intensive and specific to certain regions, but better representation of each domain in respective efforts would help reconcile divergences in planning and management ...
    Keywords hydropower ; energy systems ; water systems ; modeling ; nexus ; water-energy-environment ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher IOP Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Comparison of Centor and McIsaac scores in primary care: a meta-analysis over multiple thresholds.

    Willis, Brian H / Coomar, Dyuti / Baragilly, Mohammed

    The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 693, Page(s) e245–e254

    Abstract: Background: Centor and McIsaac scores are both used to diagnose group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection, but have not been compared through meta-analysis.: Aim: To compare the performance of Centor and McIsaac scores at diagnosing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Centor and McIsaac scores are both used to diagnose group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection, but have not been compared through meta-analysis.
    Aim: To compare the performance of Centor and McIsaac scores at diagnosing patients with GABHS presenting to primary care with pharyngitis.
    Design and setting: A meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies conducted in primary care was performed using a novel model that incorporates data at multiple thresholds.
    Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between January 1980 and February 2019. Included studies were: cross-sectional; recruited patients with sore throats from primary care; used the Centor or McIsaac score; had GABHS infection as the target diagnosis; used throat swab culture as the reference standard; and reported 2 × 2 tables across multiple thresholds. Selection and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. QUADAS-2 was used to assess study quality. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were synthesised. Calibration curves were used to assess the transferability of results into practice.
    Results: Ten studies using the Centor score and eight using the McIsaac score were included. The prevalence of GABHS ranged between 4% and 44%. The areas under the SROC curves for McIsaac and Centor scores were 0.7052 and 0.6888, respectively. The
    Conclusion: Both Centor and McIsaac scores provide only fair discrimination of those with and without GABHS, and appear broadly equivalent in performance. The poor calibration for a positive test result suggests other point-of-care tests are required to rule in GABHS; however, with both Centor and McIsaac scores, a score of ≤0 may be sufficient to rule out infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pharyngitis/diagnosis ; Pharyngitis/microbiology ; Primary Health Care ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Streptococcal Infections/complications ; Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; Symptom Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1043148-2
    ISSN 1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    ISSN (online) 1478-5242
    ISSN 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    DOI 10.3399/bjgp20X708833
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Risk of developing gallbladder cancer in patients with gallbladder polyps detected on transabdominal ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Foley, Kieran G / Riddell, Zena / Coles, Bernadette / Roberts, S Ashley / Willis, Brian H

    The British journal of radiology

    2022  Volume 95, Issue 1137, Page(s) 20220152

    Abstract: Objective: To estimate the risk of malignancy in gallbladder polyps of incremental sizes detected during transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS).: Methods: We searched databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library for eligible studies recording ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of malignancy in gallbladder polyps of incremental sizes detected during transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS).
    Methods: We searched databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library for eligible studies recording the polyp size from which gallbladder malignancy developed, confirmed following cholecystectomy, or by subsequent follow-up. Primary outcome was the risk of gallbladder cancer in patients with polyps. Secondary outcome was the effect of polyp size as a prognostic factor for cancer. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Factor Studies (QUIPS) tool. Bayesian meta-analysis estimated the median cancer risk according to polyp size. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020223629).
    Results: 82 studies published since 1990 reported primary data for 67,837 patients. 67,774 gallbladder polyps and 889 cancers were reported. The cumulative median cancer risk of a polyp measuring 10 mm or less was 0.60% (99% credible range 0.30-1.16%). Substantial heterogeneity existed between studies (I
    Conclusion: Malignant risk in gallbladder polyps is low, particularly in polyps less than 10 mm, however the data are heterogenous and generally low quality. International guidelines, which have not previously modelled size data, should be informed by these findings.
    Advances in knowledge: This large systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that the mean cumulative risk of small gallbladder polyps is low, but heterogeneity and missing data in larger polyp sizes (>10 mm) means the risk is uncertain and may be higher than estimated.Studies considered to have better methodological quality suggest that previous estimates of risk are likely to be inflated.
    MeSH term(s) Bayes Theorem ; Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging ; Gallbladder/pathology ; Gallbladder Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Humans ; Polyps/diagnostic imaging ; Polyps/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2982-8
    ISSN 1748-880X ; 0007-1285
    ISSN (online) 1748-880X
    ISSN 0007-1285
    DOI 10.1259/bjr.20220152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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