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Article ; Online: T Cell Responses in Pregnant Women Who Received mRNA-Based Vaccination to Prevent COVID-19 Revealed Unknown Exposure to the Natural Infection and Numerous SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4- CD8- Double Negative T Cells and Regulatory T Cells.

Chambers, Christina D / Song, Jaeyoon / da Silva Antunes, Ricardo / Sette, Alessandro / Franco, Alessandra

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 4

Abstract: We studied T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 19 pregnant subjects at different gestational weeks who received three doses of mRNA-based vaccination to prevent COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools were used for T-cell recognition studies: peptides were 15 ... ...

Abstract	We studied T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 19 pregnant subjects at different gestational weeks who received three doses of mRNA-based vaccination to prevent COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools were used for T-cell recognition studies: peptides were 15 amino acids long and had previously been defined in COVID-19-convalescent subjects. T-cell activation was evaluated with the AIM assay. Most subjects showed coordinated, spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and the development of T cell memory. Non-spike-specific T cells in subjects who were not aware of previous COVID-19 infection suggested a prior undetected, asymptomatic infection. CD4- CD8- double negative (DN) T cells were numerous, of which a percentage was specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides. Regulatory T cells (Treg), both spike- and non-spike-specific, were also greatly expanded. Two Treg populations were defined: a population differentiated from naïve T cells, and pTreg, reverting from pro-inflammatory T cells. The Treg cells expressed CCR6, suggesting homing to the endometrium and vaginal epithelial cells. The pregnant women responded to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Asymptomatic COVID-19 was revealed by the T cell response to the non-spike peptides. The numerous DN T cells and Treg pointed our attention to new aspects of the adaptive immune response in vaccine recipients.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pregnant Women ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccination ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Peptides ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Peptides ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25042031
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: An update on studies characterizing adaptive immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination.

da Silva Antunes, Ricardo / Grifoni, Alba / Frazier, April / Weiskopf, Daniela / Sette, Alessandro

International immunology

2023 Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 353–359

Abstract: In this brief opinion piece, we highlight our studies characterizing adaptive SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in infection and vaccination, and the ability of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells to recognize emerging variants of concern, and the role of pre-existing ...

Abstract	In this brief opinion piece, we highlight our studies characterizing adaptive SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in infection and vaccination, and the ability of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells to recognize emerging variants of concern, and the role of pre-existing cross-reactive T cells. In the context of the debate on correlates of protection, the pandemic's progression in the past 3 years underlined the need to consider how different adaptive immune responses might differentially contribute to protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection versus COVID-19 disease. Lastly, we discuss how cross-reactive T cell responses may be useful in generating a broad adaptive immunity, recognizing different variants and viral families. Considering vaccines with broadly conserved antigens could improve preparedness for future infectious disease outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Adaptive Immunity
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1013745-2
ISSN	1460-2377 ; 0953-8178
ISSN (online)	1460-2377
ISSN	0953-8178
DOI	10.1093/intimm/dxad014
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Article ; Online: Biocompatibility of Brazilian native yeast-derived sophorolipids and Trichoderma harzianum as plant-growth promoting bioformulations.

Rocha, Thiago Moura / Marcelino, Paulo Ricardo Franco / Antunes, Felipe Antonio Fernandes / Sánchez-Muñoz, Salvador / Dos Santos, Júlio César / da Silva, Silvio Silvério

Microbiological research

2024 Volume 283, Page(s) 127689

Abstract: The replacement of agrochemicals by biomolecules is imperative to mitigate soil contamination and inactivation of its core microbiota. Within this context, this study aimed at the interaction between a biological control agent such as Trichoderma ... ...

Abstract	The replacement of agrochemicals by biomolecules is imperative to mitigate soil contamination and inactivation of its core microbiota. Within this context, this study aimed at the interaction between a biological control agent such as Trichoderma harzianum CCT 2160 (BF-Th) and the biosurfactants (BSs) derived from the native Brazilian yeast Starmerella bombicola UFMG-CM-Y6419. Thereafter, their potential in germination of Oryza sativa L. seeds was tested. Both bioproducts were produced on site and characterized according to their chemical composition by HPLC-MS and GC-MS for BSs and SDS-PAGE gel for BF-Th. The BSs were confirmed to be sophorolipids (SLs) which is a well-studied compound with antimicrobial activity. The biocompatibility was examined by cultivating the fungus with SLs supplementation ranging from 0.1 to 2 g/L in solid and submerged fermentation. In solid state fermentation the supplementation of SLs enhanced spore production, conferring the synergy of both bioproducts. For the germination assays, bioformulations composed of SLs, BF-Th and combined (SLT) were applied in the germination of O. sativa L seeds achieving an improvement of up to 30% in morphological aspects such as root and shoot size as well as the presence of lateral roots. It was hypothesized that SLs were able to regulate phytohormones expression such as auxins and gibberellins during early stage of growth, pointing to their novel plant-growth stimulating properties. Thus, this study has pointed to the potential of hybrid bioformulations composed of biosurfactants and active endophytic fungal spores in order to augment the plant fitness and possibly the control of diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Yeasts ; Hypocreales ; Trichoderma ; Oleic Acids
Chemical Substances	sophorolipid ; Oleic Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1189614-0
ISSN	1618-0623 ; 0944-5013
ISSN (online)	1618-0623
ISSN	0944-5013
DOI	10.1016/j.micres.2024.127689
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Article: 4-(Phenylselanyl)-2H-chromen-2-one-Loaded Nanocapsule Suspension-A Promising Breakthrough in Pain Management: Comprehensive Molecular Docking, Formulation Design, and Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessments in Mice.

da Fonseca, Caren Aline Ramson / Prado, Vinicius Costa / Paltian, Jaini Janke / Kazmierczak, Jean Carlo / Schumacher, Ricardo Frederico / Sari, Marcel Henrique Marcondes / Cordeiro, Larissa Marafiga / da Silva, Aline Franzen / Soares, Felix Alexandre Antunes / Oliboni, Robson da Silva / Luchese, Cristiane / Cruz, Letícia / Wilhelm, Ethel Antunes

Pharmaceutics

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2

Abstract: Therapies for the treatment of pain and inflammation continue to pose a global challenge, emphasizing the significant impact of pain on patients' quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-(Phenylselanyl)-2H-chromen-2- ... ...

Abstract	Therapies for the treatment of pain and inflammation continue to pose a global challenge, emphasizing the significant impact of pain on patients' quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-(Phenylselanyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (4-PSCO) on pain-associated proteins through computational molecular docking tests. A new pharmaceutical formulation based on polymeric nanocapsules was developed and characterized. The potential toxicity of 4-PSCO was assessed using
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics16020269
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Article ; Online: Investigating viral and autoimmune T cell responses associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.

Williams, Gregory P / Yu, Esther Dawen / Shapiro, Kendra / Wang, Eric / Freuchet, Antoine / Frazier, April / Lindestam Arlehamn, Cecilia S / Sette, Alessandro / da Silva Antunes, Ricardo

Human immunology

2024 , Page(s) 110770

Abstract: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), or Long COVID, is a chronic condition following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms include exertion fatigue, respiratory issues, myalgia, and neurological manifestations such as 'brain fog,' posing concern for ... ...

Abstract	Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), or Long COVID, is a chronic condition following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms include exertion fatigue, respiratory issues, myalgia, and neurological manifestations such as 'brain fog,' posing concern for their debilitating nature and potential role in other neurological disorders. However, the underlying potential pathogenic mechanisms of the neurological complications of PASC is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated differences in antigen-specific T cell responses from the peripheral blood towards SARS-CoV-2, latent viruses, or neuronal antigens in 14 PASC individuals with neurological manifestations (PASC-N) versus 22 individuals fully recovered from COVID-19. We employed Activation Induced Marker (AIM), ICS and FluoroSpot assays to determine the specificity and magnitude of CD4
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	801524-7
ISSN	1879-1166 ; 0198-8859
ISSN (online)	1879-1166
ISSN	0198-8859
DOI	10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110770
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Article ; Online: The MegaPool Approach to Characterize Adaptive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses.

da Silva Antunes, Ricardo / Weiskopf, Daniela / Sidney, John / Rubiro, Paul / Peters, Bjoern / Lindestam Arlehamn, Cecilia S / Grifoni, Alba / Sette, Alessandro

Current protocols

2023 Volume 3, Issue 11, Page(s) e934

Abstract: Epitopes recognized by T cells are a collection of short peptide fragments derived from specific antigens or proteins. Immunological research to study T cell responses is hindered by the extreme degree of heterogeneity of epitope targets, which are ... ...

Abstract	Epitopes recognized by T cells are a collection of short peptide fragments derived from specific antigens or proteins. Immunological research to study T cell responses is hindered by the extreme degree of heterogeneity of epitope targets, which are usually derived from multiple antigens; within a given antigen, hundreds of different T cell epitopes can be recognized, differing from one individual to the next because T cell epitope recognition is restricted by the epitopes' ability to bind to MHC molecules, which are extremely polymorphic in different individuals. Testing large pools encompassing hundreds of peptides is technically challenging because of logistical considerations regarding solvent-induced toxicity. To address this issue, we developed the MegaPool (MP) approach based on sequential lyophilization of large numbers of peptides that can be used in a variety of assays to measure T cell responses, including ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining, and activation-induced marker assays, and that has been validated in the study of infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmunity. Here, we describe the procedures for generating and testing MPs, starting with peptide synthesis and lyophilization, as well as a step-by-step guide and recommendations for their handling and experimental usage. Overall, the MP approach is a powerful strategy for studying T cell responses and understanding the immune system's role in health and disease. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of peptide pools ("MegaPools") Basic Protocol 2: MegaPool testing and quantitation of antigen-specific T cell responses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay ; Peptides ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Chemical Substances	Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2691-1299
ISSN (online)	2691-1299
DOI	10.1002/cpz1.934
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Article ; Online: Observations and Perspectives on Adaptive Immunity to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Dan, Jennifer / da Silva Antunes, Ricardo / Grifoni, Alba / Weiskopf, Daniela / Crotty, Shane / Sette, Alessandro

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2022 Volume 75, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S24–S29

Abstract: Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began 2 years ago, the scientific community has swiftly worked to understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and immune response of this virus to implement public health ... ...

Abstract	Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began 2 years ago, the scientific community has swiftly worked to understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and immune response of this virus to implement public health policies and ultimately project an end to the pandemic. In this perspective, we present our work identifying SARS-CoV-2 epitopes to quantify T-cell responses and review how T cells may help protect against severe disease. We examine our prior studies which demonstrate durable humoral and cell-mediated memory in natural infection and vaccination. We discuss how SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells from either natural infection or vaccination can recognize emerging variants of concern, suggesting that the currently approved vaccines may be sufficient. We also discuss how pre-existing cross-reactive T cells promote rapid development of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2. We finally posit how identifying SARS-CoV-2 epitopes can help us develop a pan-coronavirus vaccine to prepare for future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Epitopes ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Epitopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciac310
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Article ; Online: Anti-CD3 inhibits circulatory and tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that drive asthma exacerbations in mice.

Sethi, Gurupreet S / Gracias, Donald T / Gupta, Rinkesh K / Carr, Daniel / Miki, Haruka / Da Silva Antunes, Ricardo / Croft, Michael

Allergy

2023 Volume 78, Issue 8, Page(s) 2168–2180

Abstract: Background: Exacerbations of asthma are thought to be strongly dependent on reactivation of allergen-induced lung tissue-resident and circulatory memory CD4 T cells. Strategies that broadly inhibit multiple T cell populations might then be useful to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Exacerbations of asthma are thought to be strongly dependent on reactivation of allergen-induced lung tissue-resident and circulatory memory CD4 T cells. Strategies that broadly inhibit multiple T cell populations might then be useful to limit asthma. Accordingly, we tested whether targeting CD3 during exposure to inhaled allergen could prevent the accumulation of lung-localized effector memory CD4 T cells and block exacerbations of asthmatic inflammation. Methods: House dust mite-sensitized and repetitively challenged BL/6 mice were transiently treated therapeutically with F(ab')2 anti-CD3ε and memory T cell responses and lung inflammation were assessed. PBMCs from HDM-allergic donors were examined for the effect of anti-CD3 on expansion of allergen-reactive T cells. Results: Allergen-sensitized mice undergoing exacerbations of asthma were protected from lung inflammation by transient therapeutic treatment with F(ab')2 anti-CD3. Regardless of whether sensitized mice underwent a secondary or tertiary recall response to inhaled allergen, anti-CD3 inhibited all phenotypes of effector memory CD4 T cells in the lung tissue and lung vasculature by 80%-90%, including those derived from tissue-resident and circulatory memory T cells. This did not depend on Treg cells suggesting it was primarily a blocking effect on memory T cell signaling. Correspondingly, anti-CD3 also strongly inhibited proliferation of human allergen-reactive memory CD4 T cells from allergic individuals. In contrast, the number of surviving tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that were maintained in the lungs at later times was not robustly reduced by anti-CD3. Conclusion: Anti-CD3 F(ab')2 administration at the time of allergen exposure represents a viable strategy for limiting the immediate activity of allergen-responding memory T cells and asthma exacerbations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Memory T Cells ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Th2 Cells ; Asthma/prevention & control ; Hypersensitivity ; Allergens/adverse effects ; Pneumonia ; Pyroglyphidae ; Disease Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	Allergens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391933-x
ISSN	1398-9995 ; 0105-4538
ISSN (online)	1398-9995
ISSN	0105-4538
DOI	10.1111/all.15722
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Article ; Online: Novel CuxFeMnNiSnTi high entropy alloys

Leandro Santos da Silva / Tiago Luiz Ferreira / Mara Cristina Lopes de Oliveira / Renato Altobelli Antunes / Ricardo Alexandre Galdino da Silva

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol 26, Iss , Pp 5409-

Microstructure, surface chemistry, and corrosion resistance

2023 Volume 5424

Abstract: CuxFeMnNiSnTi alloys were prepared by electric arc melting. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy and the crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffractometry. The composition of the surface oxide film was analyzed by X-ray ... ...

Abstract	CuxFeMnNiSnTi alloys were prepared by electric arc melting. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy and the crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffractometry. The composition of the surface oxide film was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. Depending on the copper content, the microstructures were comprised of (Cu,Mn,Ni)3Sn, Ti(Ni,Fe)2Sn, and (Fe,Mn)2Ti. The oxide films consisted of a complex mixture of different oxide phases. The corrosion resistance was affected by the copper content and was mainly influenced by the alloy microstructure than the composition of the oxide film.
Keywords	FeMnNiSnTi high entropy alloy ; Copper addition ; Corrosion ; Microstructure ; Surface chemistry ; Mining engineering. Metallurgy ; TN1-997
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Genome-wide characterization of T cell responses to

da Silva Antunes, Ricardo / Garrigan, Emily / Quiambao, Lorenzo G / Dhanda, Sandeep Kumar / Marrama, Daniel / Westernberg, Luise / Wang, Eric / Sutherland, Aaron / Armstrong, Sandra K / Brickman, Timothy J / Sidney, John / Frazier, April / Merkel, Tod / Peters, Bjoern / Sette, Alessandro

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: The incidence of whooping cough (pertussis), the respiratory disease caused ... ...

Abstract	The incidence of whooping cough (pertussis), the respiratory disease caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.03.24.534182
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