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Article ; Online: Sedimentary Facies Evaluation of Tight Oil Reservoirs of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin

Yu Peng / Huaijie Zhang / Xiaoli Zheng / Yi Wang / Jiye Li / Yinhui Zhu / Quine Doolen

Journal of Chemistry, Vol

2023 Volume 2023

Abstract: ... of Yanchang Formation by combining geological data with geophysical logging. The reservoir characteristics are ...

Abstract	Tight sandstone gas has become one of the important unconventional resources. It is of great significance to study the pore throat structure of tight sandstone for the development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. On the basis of previous research results, this paper studies the tight reservoir characteristics of Yanchang Formation by combining geological data with geophysical logging. The reservoir characteristics are described and studied in detail by ordinary thin section, casting thin section, graphic granularity, and scanning electron microscope experiment. The experimental results show that the reservoir sandstone types of long 6 segments are mainly lithic feldspathic sandstone and feldspathic lithic sandstone, with high component maturity and structural maturity. The components of cement mainly include authigenic clay minerals illite, chlorite, and carbonate minerals. The reservoir space is mainly composed of feldspar-dissolved pores and residual intergranular pores. Compaction and cementation are the decisive factors of pore reduction. At present, the average porosity of the reservoir is 8.33% and the average permeability is 0.12 × 10−3 μm2, which belong to an ultralow porosity and ultralow permeability reservoir. On the basis of studying the origin, superimposition, and distribution of sand bodies and taking into account the sedimentary characteristics, origin, and trigger mechanism of gravity flow, a multisource sedimentary model is established in the study area, which is dominated by sandy debris flow, accompanied by turbidity current and local development of sandy slump. The thick massive sandstone with the most exploration significance in the study area is formed by the superimposition of multistage sandy clastic flow sediments along the gully in the direction of delta to lake. Summarizing the characteristics of reservoir development and evaluating and predicting it can provide geological basis for the next exploration and development of deep-water tight reservoirs in the study area.
Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pyrite Characteristics in Lacustrine Shale and Implications for Organic Matter Enrichment and Shale Oil: A Case Study from the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, NW China.

Zhou, Qianshan / Liu, Jiangyan / Ma, Bo / Li, Chao / Xiao, Yueye / Chen, Guojun / Lyu, Chengfu

ACS omega

2024 Volume 9, Issue 14, Page(s) 16519–16535

Abstract: ... rocks from the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, NW China ...

Abstract	Pyrite is widely distributed in lacustrine shales and has become a research focus in unconventional oil and gas exploration. Pyrite morphology is useful for identifying different types of organic matter and assessing shale oil enrichment in organic-rich shale. Abundant pyrite is developed in the source rocks from the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, NW China. However, the relationship between different pyrite types and the differential enrichment of shale oil still needs to be clarified. The organic geochemistry, petrology, and isotopic composition of the Chang 7 Member samples were analyzed. The significance of pyrite types and sulfur isotopic compositions as indicators of depositional environments and shale oil enrichment was emphasized. The Chang 7 shales contain three pyrite morphologies, framboidal pyrite (type A), spherulitic pyrite (type B), and euhedral and anhedral pyrite (type C), and their aggregates. The sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrite (δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.4c00259
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Shift in the Mode of Carbon Cycling Recorded by Biomarkers and Carbon Isotopic Compositions in the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin: Autotrophy vs Heterotrophy.

Xu, Huiyuan / Liu, Quanyou / Li, Zhiquan / Hou, Dujie / Han, Xu / Li, Peng / Li, Pengpeng / Zhu, Biqing

ACS omega

2023 Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) 5820–5835

Abstract: ... of the Yanchang Formation. The Chang 7 member source rocks have higher quality (480-500 mg/g) and ...

Abstract	Organic-rich shales and mudstones have long been investigated regarding the control of source, environment, climate, etc. on the enrichment of organic carbon. However, little is documented about how autotrophy and heterotrophy influence organic carbon cycling/export. Here, we show molecular and carbon isotopic compositional changes of the shale or mudstone source rocks from the Chang 3 to 7 members of the Yanchang Formation. The Chang 7 member source rocks have higher quality (480-500 mg/g) and total organic carbon (TOC) (15.3% on average) than other member source rocks; the sterane/hopane ratio and the δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.2c07382
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Linking environmental changes and organic matter enrichment in the middle part of the Yanchang Formation (Ordos Basin, China) to the rollback of an oceanic slab in the eastern Paleo-Tethys

Zhang, Jiaqiang / Qiu, Zhen / Li, Shutong / Gao, Shanlin / Guo, Ruiliang / Ma, Xiaofeng / Qiu, Junli / Li, Shixiang / Tao, Huifei / Chen, Junlin / Li, Jiacheng / Xiao, Wenjiao

Sedimentary Geology. 2023 Aug. 06, p.106480-

2023 , Page(s) 106480–

Abstract: The Yanchang Formation, which records the whole evolutionary history of the Middle–Late Triassic ... depositional environment, and organic matter accumulation in the low-middle part of the Yanchang Formation ... of the lower part of the Yanchang Formation (i.e., Chang 8 Member) to deep lacustrine shales and gravity flow ...

Abstract	The Yanchang Formation, which records the whole evolutionary history of the Middle–Late Triassic lacustrine basin in the western part of the North China Block, provides an opportunity to understand the relationship between the tectono-sedimentary evolution and massive organic matter burial in lacustrine systems. The present study investigates the changes in the lithofacies association, provenance, regional tectonism, depositional environment, and organic matter accumulation in the low-middle part of the Yanchang Formation, aiming to unravel their links. As a result of the rapid deepening of the southern Ordos Basin, the deposits in the depocenter of the basin shifted dramatically from shallow lacustrine sandstones of the lower part of the Yanchang Formation (i.e., Chang 8 Member) to deep lacustrine shales and gravity flow deposits of the middle part of the Yanchang Formation (i.e., Chang 7 Member). The provenance of the overlying Chang 7 Member is distinct from that of the underlying Chang 8 Member. It is proposed that crustal extension caused by the southwestward rollback of an oceanic slab in the eastern Paleo-Tethys may have triggered the rapid extensional subsidence in the southern Ordos Basin during the early Ladinian. In response to this deep geodynamic process, the depositional environment of the contemporaneous Ordos Basin has changed significantly, as reflected by improved primary productivity, enhanced bottom-water anoxia, as well as reduced terrigenous clastic supply in the Ordos Lake. The coupling of these processes further led to the enrichment of organic matter in the Chang 7 Member.
Keywords	Triassic period ; anaerobic conditions ; basins ; evolution ; gravity ; lakes ; organic matter ; primary productivity ; provenance ; subsidence ; China ; Organic matter enrichment ; Yanchang Formation ; Ordos Basin ; Paleo-Tethys
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0806
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	216739-6
ISSN	0037-0738
ISSN	0037-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.sedgeo.2023.106480
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Development Characteristics and Finite Element Simulation of Fractures in Tight Oil Sandstone Reservoirs of Yanchang Formation in Western Ordos Basin

Shilin Wang / Hu Li / Lifei Lin / Shuai Yin

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: ... of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. Previous studies have affirmed the important role of fractures ... a unified understanding. In this paper, taking the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos ... productivity data, and finite element method. The research results showed that the Yanchang Formation ...

Abstract	Structural fractures have a significant control effect on the large-scale accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. Previous studies have affirmed the important role of fractures in hydrocarbon accumulations in strongly deformed zones. However, for low-amplitude structural areas, the degree of fracture development is relatively low, and their control on sweet spots of hydrocarbons has not yet formed a unified understanding. In this paper, taking the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos Basin as an example, the development characteristics, prediction method, and the distribution of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs in low-amplitude structural areas have been systematically studied using a large number of cores, thin sections, paleomagnetism, FMI logging, acoustic emission, productivity data, and finite element method. The research results showed that the Yanchang Formation in the study area mainly develop high-angle and vertical fractures, which were formed by regional tectonic shearing. Fractures are mainly developed in the fine-grained and ultra-fine-grained sandstones of the distributary channel and estuary bar microfacies, while the fractures in the medium-grained sandstones of the distributary channel and the mudstones of the distributary bay are relatively underdeveloped. The core fractures and micro-fractures of the Yanchang Formation all have the regional distribution characteristics, and the fracture strikes are mainly between NE50° and NE 70°. Moreover, the finite element method was used to predict the fractures in the target layer, and the prediction results are consistent with the actual distribution results of the fractures. The coupling analysis of fractures and tight oil sandstone distribution showed that the existence of fractures provided conditions for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. The confluence and turning areas of the river channels were repeatedly scoured by river water, and the rocks were brittle and easy to form fractures. ...
Keywords	ordos basin ; Yanchang formation ; fracture ; FMI imaging logging ; finite element ; low-amplitude structure ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Classifications of the Reservoir Space of Tight Sandstone Based on Pore Structure, Connectivity, and Fractal Character: A Case Study from the Chang 7 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China.

Wang, Wei / Li, Weizhen / Xu, Shuang

ACS omega

2022 Volume 7, Issue 12, Page(s) 10627–10637

Abstract: ... member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. Results indicate that tight ...

Abstract	Pore structure characteristics of tight sandstones, including pore types, connectivity, and morphological features, provides a basis for selecting the "sweet spot" in tight sandstone reservoirs. A variety of research methods, high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, cast thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and fractal theory were integrated to explore these parameters of tight sandstones from the Chang 7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. Results indicate that tight sandstones are defined by three pore types with distinct fractal dimensions and corresponding pore structure, which are combined pores, isolated grain pores, and clay-dominated pores. The pore spaces of the three types gradually evolve from the microscale to the nanoscale. Combined pores were formed by dissolution pores connected to the surrounding pores and have been distinguished by their irregular shape. Their connected paths are multidirectional, resulting in better connectivity. Isolated grain pores have a small number of poorly connected paths, which causes weak connectivity. Clay-dominated pores have narrow and complex connected paths, resulting in poor connectivity. From the combined pore to the clay-dominated pore, the fractal dimensions of pore spaces decrease, indicating that the heterogeneity of pore spaces is gradually weakened whereas the heterogeneity of the flow characteristics is gradually enhanced. On the basis of the proportions of the three pore types, the tight sandstones can be genetically classified into a combined pore type, an isolated grain pore type, and a clay-dominated pore type. The differences in pore space and heterogeneity affect the distribution of tight oil; therefore, sand bodies located near the source rock, characterized by strong dissolution and dominated by the combined pore type, are favorable zones for tight sandstone reservoirs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.2c00252
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Geometric Heterogeneity of Continental Shale in the Yanchang Formation, Southern Ordos Basin, China.

Li, Lihui / Huang, Beixiu / Tan, Yufang / Deng, Xiaolong / Li, Yanyan / Zheng, Hu

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 6006

Abstract: ... heterogeneity model was proposed for the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the study area and verified ...

Abstract	Favorable prospects for the exploration of shale gas have been demonstrated in the Ordos Basin, China. Outcrop and core observations indicate that there are abundant laminas in the shale strata, which exert a great influence on hydro-fracture propagation, gas storage and fluid flow. In this study, the continental shale of the Chang 72 Member, collected from the south of Ordos Basin, was investigated to characterize the geometric heterogeneity. Laminas at multiple scales were observed and measured using conventional logging, borehole TV, core analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the Particle and Crack Analysis System. These measurement tools correspond to the meter scale, decimeter scale, centimeter scale, millimeter scale and ten-micrometer scale, respectively, with measured thicknesses of 2.26 m, 2.09 dm, 1.70 cm, 1.48 mm and 11.70 μm, respectively. Fractal theory was used to analyze the power exponent distribution of the lamina thickness, with a resulting fractal dimension of 1.06. Finally, a geometric heterogeneity model was proposed for the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the study area and verified by a modeled thickness of 26.30 m for the Chang 72 Member at the 10-m scale. The model facilitates cross-scale analysis and provides parameter guidance for heterogeneity characterization in the numerical simulation and model test of the shale gas reservoir.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-05144-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Application of Rare-Earth Elements and Comparison to Molecular Markers in Oil-Source Correlation of Tight Oil: A Case Study of Chang 7 of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area, Ordos Basin, China.

Guo, Ruiliang / Zhao, Yande / Wang, Weibin / Hu, Xinyou / Zhou, Xinping / Hao, Lewei / Ma, Xiaofeng / Ma, Dongxu / Li, Shutong

ACS omega

2020 Volume 5, Issue 35, Page(s) 22140–22156

Abstract: The biomarker features of 10 Chang 7 crude oil samples were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the rare-earth element (REE) compositions of 16 Chang 7 and Chang 8 crude oil samples were determined by inductively coupled ... ...

Abstract	The biomarker features of 10 Chang 7 crude oil samples were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the rare-earth element (REE) compositions of 16 Chang 7 and Chang 8 crude oil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the first time in Longdong area. Oil-source correlation analysis was improved by biomarkers and REEs. The distribution and relative ratios of a series of biomarker parameters in saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons of crude oil samples indicate that Chang 7 tight oil has already reached the mature stage. The organic matter mainly comes from lower aquatic organisms of algae, with some contribution of micro-organisms and bacteria, while the forming environment of tight oil is mainly the transitional environment of sub-oxidizing to sub-reducing. The V/(V + Ni) and Ni/Co ratios of crude oil samples suggest that the specific redox conditions of Chang 7
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.0c02233
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Geometric Heterogeneity of Continental Shale in the Yanchang Formation, Southern Ordos Basin, China

Lihui Li / Beixiu Huang / Yufang Tan / Xiaolong Deng / Yanyan Li / Hu Zheng

Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 12

Abstract: ... heterogeneity model was proposed for the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the study area and verified ...

Abstract	Abstract Favorable prospects for the exploration of shale gas have been demonstrated in the Ordos Basin, China. Outcrop and core observations indicate that there are abundant laminas in the shale strata, which exert a great influence on hydro-fracture propagation, gas storage and fluid flow. In this study, the continental shale of the Chang 72 Member, collected from the south of Ordos Basin, was investigated to characterize the geometric heterogeneity. Laminas at multiple scales were observed and measured using conventional logging, borehole TV, core analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the Particle and Crack Analysis System. These measurement tools correspond to the meter scale, decimeter scale, centimeter scale, millimeter scale and ten-micrometer scale, respectively, with measured thicknesses of 2.26 m, 2.09 dm, 1.70 cm, 1.48 mm and 11.70 μm, respectively. Fractal theory was used to analyze the power exponent distribution of the lamina thickness, with a resulting fractal dimension of 1.06. Finally, a geometric heterogeneity model was proposed for the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the study area and verified by a modeled thickness of 26.30 m for the Chang 72 Member at the 10-m scale. The model facilitates cross-scale analysis and provides parameter guidance for heterogeneity characterization in the numerical simulation and model test of the shale gas reservoir.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Brittleness Logging Evaluation of Shihezi Formation in Yanchang Gas Field in Ordos Basin Based on Rock Mechanical Characteristics

Li Zhenhua / Gai Ke / Chen Zhanjun / Zhang Suya / Sun Ning / Li Xiangyang

E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 118, p

2019 Volume 03010

Abstract: ... the production of unconventional oil and gas. The reservoir of Yanchang gas field is characterized by low ... in Yanchang gas field show that the main fracturing mode is multiple horizontal splitting, the main cracks are ... the brittleness of Shihezi formation in Yanchang gas field is high, which is beneficial for reservoir fracturing. ...

Abstract	Brittleness determines the effect of reservoir fracturing and is important for increasing the production of unconventional oil and gas. The reservoir of Yanchang gas field is characterized by low porosity, low permeability and strong heterogeneity, which make it difficult to produce industrial gas flow under natural conditions. Triaxial compression tests in sandstone samples of Shihezi formation in Yanchang gas field show that the main fracturing mode is multiple horizontal splitting, the main cracks are completely fractured, and the brittleness index ranges from 46.1% to 51.4%. After S-wave velocity model in the study area is established, the conversion relation of dynamic and static mechanical parameters could be obtained, that is, Es=0.4142Ed+10.769 (R2=0.8387), and μs=1.1076 μd-0.068 (R2=0.7366), according to which, the dynamic mechanics parameters calculated by well logging can be adjusted, and then the reservoir brittleness could be quantitatively evaluated. Combining with the brittleness index calculated by mineral component method, it can be concluded that the brittleness calculated by well logging is reliable and the brittleness of Shihezi formation in Yanchang gas field is high, which is beneficial for reservoir fracturing.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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