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  1. Article ; Online: CT-Derived Body Composition Assessment as a Prognostic Tool in Oncologic Patients: From Opportunistic Research to Artificial Intelligence-Based Clinical Implementation.

    Bates, David D B / Pickhardt, Perry J

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2022  Volume 219, Issue 4, Page(s) 671–680

    Abstract: CT-based body composition measures are well established in research settings as prognostic markers in oncologic patients. Numerous retrospective studies have shown the role of objective measurements extracted from abdominal CT images of skeletal muscle, ... ...

    Abstract CT-based body composition measures are well established in research settings as prognostic markers in oncologic patients. Numerous retrospective studies have shown the role of objective measurements extracted from abdominal CT images of skeletal muscle, abdominal fat, and bone mineral density in providing more accurate assessments of frailty and cancer cachexia in comparison with traditional clinical methods. Quantitative CT-based measurements of liver fat and aortic atherosclerotic calcification have received relatively less attention in cancer care but also provide prognostic information. Patients with cancer routinely undergo serial CT examinations for staging, treatment response, and surveillance, providing the opportunity for quantitative body composition assessment to be performed as part of routine clinical care. The emergence of fully automated artificial intelligence-based segmentation and quantification tools to replace earlier time-consuming manual and semiautomated methods for body composition analysis will allow these opportunistic measures to transition from the research realm to clinical practice. With continued investigation, the measurements may ultimately be applied to achieve more precise risk stratification as a component of personalized oncologic care.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; Body Composition ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/AJR.22.27749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Radiologic T staging of colon cancer: renewed interest for clinical practice.

    Chang, Kevin J / Kim, David H / Lalani, Tasneem K / Paroder, Viktoriya / Pickhardt, Perry J / Shaish, Hiram / Bates, David D B

    Abdominal radiology (New York)

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 9, Page(s) 2874–2887

    Abstract: Radiologic imaging, especially MRI, has long been the mainstay for rectal cancer staging and patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgical resection. In contrast, colonoscopy and CT have been the standard for colon cancer diagnosis and ... ...

    Abstract Radiologic imaging, especially MRI, has long been the mainstay for rectal cancer staging and patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgical resection. In contrast, colonoscopy and CT have been the standard for colon cancer diagnosis and metastasis staging with T and N staging often performed at the time of surgical resection. With recent clinical trials exploring the expansion of the use of neoadjuvant therapy beyond the anorectum to the remainder of the colon, the current and future state of colon cancer treatment is evolving with a renewed interest in evaluating the role radiology may play in the primary T staging of colon cancer. The performance of CT, CT colonography, MRI, and FDG PET-CT for colon cancer staging will be reviewed. N staging will also be briefly discussed. It is expected that accurate radiologic T staging will significantly impact future clinical decisions regarding the neoadjuvant versus surgical management of colon cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Neoplasm Staging ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiology ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2839786-1
    ISSN 2366-0058 ; 2366-004X
    ISSN (online) 2366-0058
    ISSN 2366-004X
    DOI 10.1007/s00261-023-03904-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Use of MR in Pancreaticobiliary Emergencies.

    Chang, Hailey / Bates, David D B / Gupta, Avneesh / LeBedis, Christina A

    Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 479–499

    Abstract: This article presents the MR protocols, imaging features, diagnostic criteria, and complications of commonly encountered emergencies in pancreaticobiliary imaging, which include pancreatic trauma, bile leak, acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, and ... ...

    Abstract This article presents the MR protocols, imaging features, diagnostic criteria, and complications of commonly encountered emergencies in pancreaticobiliary imaging, which include pancreatic trauma, bile leak, acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, and pancreatitis. Various classifications and complications that can arise with these conditions, as well as artifacts that may mimic pathology, are also included. Finally, the emerging utility of abbreviated MR protocols is discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Pancreatic Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1196851-5
    ISSN 1557-9786 ; 1064-9689
    ISSN (online) 1557-9786
    ISSN 1064-9689
    DOI 10.1016/j.mric.2022.04.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Multiplexed sensitivity-encoding diffusion-weighted imaging (MUSE) in diffusion-weighted imaging for rectal MRI: a quantitative and qualitative analysis at multiple b-values.

    El Homsi, Maria / Bates, David D B / Mazaheri, Yousef / Sosa, Ramon / Gangai, Natalie / Petkovska, Iva

    Abdominal radiology (New York)

    2022  Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 448–457

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare four diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences for image quality, rectal contour, and lesion conspicuity, and to assess the difference in their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare four diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences for image quality, rectal contour, and lesion conspicuity, and to assess the difference in their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
    Methods: In this retrospective study of 36 consecutive patients who underwent 3.0 T rectal MRI from January-June 2020, DWI was performed with single-shot echo planar imaging (ss-EPI) (b800 s/mm
    Results: For both readers, MUSE b800 scored significantly higher for image quality, rectal contour, and lesion conspicuity compared to ss-EPI; MUSE b800 also scored significantly higher for image quality and rectal contour compared to all other sequences. Lesion conspicuity was equally superior for MUSE b800 and MUSE b1500 compared to the other two sequences. There was good to excellent inter-reader agreement for all qualitative features (к = 0.72-0.88). MUSE b800 had the highest SNR; MUSE b1500 had the highest CNR. A significant difference in ADC was observed between ss-EPI compared to the other sequences (p < 0.001) and between MUSE b800 and FOCUS. No significant difference in ADC was found between MUSE b1500 and FOCUS b1500.
    Conclusion: MUSE b800 improved image quality over ss-EPI and both MUSE b800 and b1500 showed better tumor conspicuity compared to conventional ss-EPI.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alprostadil ; Retrospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Rectum/diagnostic imaging ; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods
    Chemical Substances Alprostadil (F5TD010360)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2839786-1
    ISSN 2366-0058 ; 2366-004X
    ISSN (online) 2366-0058
    ISSN 2366-004X
    DOI 10.1007/s00261-022-03710-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Does exercise attenuate age- and disease-associated dysfunction in unconventional T cells? Shining a light on overlooked cells in exercise immunology.

    Hanson, Erik D / Bates, Lauren C / Bartlett, David B / Campbell, John P

    European journal of applied physiology

    2021  Volume 121, Issue 7, Page(s) 1815–1834

    Abstract: Unconventional T Cells (UTCs) are a unique population of immune cells that links innate and adaptive immunity. Following activation, UTCs contribute to a host of immunological activities, rapidly responding to microbial and viral infections and playing ... ...

    Abstract Unconventional T Cells (UTCs) are a unique population of immune cells that links innate and adaptive immunity. Following activation, UTCs contribute to a host of immunological activities, rapidly responding to microbial and viral infections and playing key roles in tumor suppression. Aging and chronic disease both have been shown to adversely affect UTC numbers and function, with increased inflammation, change in body composition, and physical inactivity potentially contributing to the decline. One possibility to augment circulating UTCs is through increased physical activity. Acute exercise is a potent stimulus leading to the mobilization of immune cells while the benefits of exercise training may include anti-inflammatory effects, reductions in fat mass, and improved fitness. We provide an overview of age-related changes in UTCs, along with chronic diseases that are associated with altered UTC number and function. We summarize how UTCs respond to acute exercise and exercise training and discuss potential mechanisms that may lead to improved frequency and function.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity ; Aging/physiology ; Chronic Disease ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/immunology ; Physical Exertion/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124793-1
    ISSN 1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
    ISSN (online) 1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
    ISSN 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
    DOI 10.1007/s00421-021-04679-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Concept of Complete Mesocolic Excision and the Role of Computed Tomography Imaging.

    Bates, David D B / Firat, Canan / Shia, Jinru / Widmar, Maria

    Seminars in roentgenology

    2020  Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 201–205

    MeSH term(s) Colonic Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Mesocolon/diagnostic imaging ; Mesocolon/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80310-8
    ISSN 1558-4658 ; 0037-198X
    ISSN (online) 1558-4658
    ISSN 0037-198X
    DOI 10.1053/j.ro.2020.07.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Deep Learning and Domain-Specific Knowledge to Segment the Liver from Synthetic Dual Energy CT Iodine Scans.

    Mahmood, Usman / Bates, David D B / Erdi, Yusuf E / Mannelli, Lorenzo / Corrias, Giuseppe / Kanan, Christopher

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: We map single energy CT (SECT) scans to synthetic dual-energy CT (synth-DECT) material density iodine (MDI) scans using deep learning (DL) and demonstrate their value for liver segmentation. A 2D pix2pix (P2P) network was trained on 100 abdominal DECT ... ...

    Abstract We map single energy CT (SECT) scans to synthetic dual-energy CT (synth-DECT) material density iodine (MDI) scans using deep learning (DL) and demonstrate their value for liver segmentation. A 2D pix2pix (P2P) network was trained on 100 abdominal DECT scans to infer synth-DECT MDI scans from SECT scans. The source and target domain were paired with DECT monochromatic 70 keV and MDI scans. The trained P2P algorithm then transformed 140 public SECT scans to synth-DECT scans. We split 131 scans into 60% train, 20% tune, and 20% held-out test to train four existing liver segmentation frameworks. The remaining nine low-dose SECT scans tested system generalization. Segmentation accuracy was measured with the dice coefficient (DSC). The DSC per slice was computed to identify sources of error. With synth-DECT (and SECT) scans, an average DSC score of 0.93±0.06 (0.89±0.01) and 0.89±0.01 (0.81±0.02) was achieved on the held-out and generalization test sets. Synth-DECT-trained systems required less data to perform as well as SECT-trained systems. Low DSC scores were primarily observed around the scan margin or due to non-liver tissue or distortions within ground-truth annotations. In general, training with synth-DECT scans resulted in improved segmentation performance with less data.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics12030672
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Ambient heat exposure patterns and emergency department visits and hospitalizations among medicare beneficiaries 2008-2019.

    Visaria, Aayush / Kang, Euntaik / Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha / Robinson, David / Read, John / Nethery, Rachel / Josey, Kevin / Gandhi, Poonam / Bates, Benjamin / Rua, Melanie / Ghosh, Arnab K / Setoguchi, Soko

    The American journal of emergency medicine

    2024  Volume 81, Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: ... Participants: 2% random sample of all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries eligible for Parts A, B, and D ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the association between ambient heat and all-cause and cause-specific emergency department (ED) visits and acute hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries in the conterminous United States.
    Design: Retrospective cohort study.
    Setting: Conterminous US from 2008 and 2019.
    Participants: 2% random sample of all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries eligible for Parts A, B, and D.
    Main outcome measures: All-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular, renal, and heat-related) ED visits and unplanned hospitalizations were identified using primary ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnosis codes. We measured the association between ambient temperature - defined as daily mean temperature percentile of summer (June through September) - and the outcomes. Hazard ratios and their associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for individual level demographics, comorbidities, healthcare utilization factors and zip-code level social factors.
    Results: Among 809,636 Medicare beneficiaries (58% female, 81% non-Hispanic White, 24% <65), older beneficiaries (aged ≥65) exposed to >95th percentile temperature had a 64% elevated adjusted risk of heat-related ED visits (HR [95% CI], 1.64 [1.46,1.85]) and a 4% higher risk of all-cause acute hospitalization (1.04 [1.01,1.06]) relative to <25th temperature percentile. Younger beneficiaries (aged <65) showed increased risk of heat-related ED visits (2.69 [2.23,3.23]) and all-cause ED visits (1.03 [1.01,1.05]). The associations with heat related events were stronger in males and individuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. No significant differences were observed by climatic region. We observed no significant relationship between temperature percentile and risk of CV-related ED visits or renal-related ED visits.
    Conclusions: Among Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2019, exposure to daily mean temperature ≥ 95th percentile was associated with increased risk of heat-related ED visits, with stronger associations seen among beneficiaries <65, males, and patients with low socioeconomic position. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the impact of heat duration, intensity, and frequency on cause-specific hospitalization outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605890-5
    ISSN 1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
    ISSN (online) 1532-8171
    ISSN 0735-6757
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.04.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: CT Imaging Findings in Patients with Ovarian Cancer and Acute Abdominal Symptoms: Experience at a Tertiary Cancer Center.

    El Homsi, Maria / Horvat, Natally / Woodlock, David P / Araji, Abdallah / Vargas, H Alberto / Bates, David D B

    Emergency radiology

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 947–952

    Abstract: ... as follows: (a) no new or acute finding, (b) new or increased bowel or gastric obstruction, (c) new or ... increased ascites, (d) new or increased peritoneal carcinomatosis, (e) new or increased nonperitoneal ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with ovarian cancer presenting to a comprehensive cancer center's urgent care unit with acute abdominal symptoms.
    Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with ovarian cancer who underwent abdominal CT at a comprehensive cancer center's urgent care unit between January 1, 2018, and January 14, 2020, due to acute abdominal symptoms. Two abdominal radiologists reviewed the abdominal CT reports, categorizing imaging findings as follows: (a) no new or acute finding, (b) new or increased bowel or gastric obstruction, (c) new or increased ascites, (d) new or increased peritoneal carcinomatosis, (e) new or increased nonperitoneal metastases, (f) new inflammatory or infectious changes, (g) new or increased hydronephrosis, (h) new or increased biliary dilatation, (i) new vascular complications, or (j) new bowel perforation.
    Results: A total of 200 patients (mean age, 59 years; range, 22-87) underwent a total of 259 abdominal CT scans, of which 217/259 (83.8%) scans were found to have new or increased findings. A total of 115/259 (44.4%) scans had only one finding while 102/259 (39.4%) scans had 2 or more findings. Altogether, 382 new or increased findings were detected: findings were most commonly related to bowel or gastric obstruction (92/382, 24.1%) with small bowel obstruction being the most common finding (80/382, 20.9%); ascites (78/382, 20.4%); peritoneal carcinomatosis (62/382, 16.2%); and nonperitoneal metastases (62/382, 16.2%). Inflammatory or infectious findings accounted for 30/382 (7.9%) findings.
    Conclusion: Most patients with ovarian cancer presenting with acute abdominal had relevant positive findings on abdominal CT, with small bowel obstruction being the most common finding.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary ; Retrospective Studies ; Ascites/complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Ovarian Neoplasms/complications ; Intestinal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging ; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1425144-9
    ISSN 1438-1435 ; 1070-3004
    ISSN (online) 1438-1435
    ISSN 1070-3004
    DOI 10.1007/s10140-022-02075-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Novel imaging techniques of rectal cancer: what do radiomics and radiogenomics have to offer? A literature review.

    Horvat, Natally / Bates, David D B / Petkovska, Iva

    Abdominal radiology (New York)

    2019  Volume 44, Issue 11, Page(s) 3764–3774

    Abstract: Introduction: As computational capabilities have advanced, radiologists and their collaborators have looked for novel ways to analyze diagnostic images. This has resulted in the development of radiomics and radiogenomics as new fields in medical imaging. ...

    Abstract Introduction: As computational capabilities have advanced, radiologists and their collaborators have looked for novel ways to analyze diagnostic images. This has resulted in the development of radiomics and radiogenomics as new fields in medical imaging. Radiomics and radiogenomics may change the practice of medicine, particularly for patients with colorectal cancer. Radiomics corresponds to the extraction and analysis of numerous quantitative imaging features from conventional imaging modalities in correlation with several endpoints, including the prediction of pathology, genomics, therapeutic response, and clinical outcome. In radiogenomics, qualitative and/or quantitative imaging features are extracted and correlated with genetic profiles of the imaged tissue. Thus far, several studies have evaluated the use of radiomics and radiogenomics in patients with colorectal cancer; however, there are challenges to be overcome before its routine implementation including challenges related to sample size, model design and interpretability, and the lack of robust multicenter validation set.
    Material and methods: In this article, we will review the concepts of radiomics and radiogenomics and their potential applications in rectal cancer.
    Conclusion: Radiologists should be aware of the basic concepts, benefits, pitfalls, and limitations of new radiomic and radiogenomics techniques to achieve a balanced interpretation of the results.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnostic Imaging/trends ; Genomics ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Rectal Neoplasms/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2839786-1
    ISSN 2366-0058 ; 2366-004X
    ISSN (online) 2366-0058
    ISSN 2366-004X
    DOI 10.1007/s00261-019-02042-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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