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Article ; Online: Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy.

Wong, Wendy / Gopal, Lekha / Yip, Chee Chew

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

2020 Volume 192, Issue 14, Page(s) E371

MeSH term(s)	Choroid Diseases/etiology ; Choroid Diseases/pathology ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Hypertensive Retinopathy/etiology ; Hypertensive Retinopathy/pathology ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-05
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	215506-0
ISSN	1488-2329 ; 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
ISSN (online)	1488-2329
ISSN	0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
DOI	10.1503/cmaj.191275
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Article ; Online: Kisspeptin stimulates sheep ovarian follicular development

Divya Sri, B / Harsha Lekha, S / Reddy, K Narendra Gopal / Pathipati, Deepa / Rambabu Naik, B / Jagapathy Ramayya, P / Veera Bramhaiah, K / Varaprasad Reddy, L S S / Siva Kumar, A V N

Zygote (Cambridge, England)

2023 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–57

Abstract: The present study was conducted to elucidate (1) the influence of kisspeptin (KP) on ... ...

Abstract	The present study was conducted to elucidate (1) the influence of kisspeptin (KP) on the
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Sheep ; Kisspeptins/genetics ; Kisspeptins/pharmacology ; Receptors, Kisspeptin-1/genetics ; Oocytes/physiology ; Ovarian Follicle ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	Kisspeptins ; Receptors, Kisspeptin-1 ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (9002-68-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1166294-3
ISSN	1469-8730 ; 0967-1994
ISSN (online)	1469-8730
ISSN	0967-1994
DOI	10.1017/S096719942300059X
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Article ; Online: ACUTE ATYPICAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING INTRAVITREAL SUSTAINED-RELEASE DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT: A CASE SERIES.

Chin, Yi Yao Brendan / Yeo, Tun Hang / Bakthavatsalu, Maheshwar / Zhou, Wen Ting / Wagle, Ajeet Madhav / Gopal, Lekha / Lim, Tock Han

Retinal cases & brief reports

2023 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 155–158

Abstract: Purpose: To present three cases of acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone (Ozurdex) with atypical presentation and to discuss the management of these patients.: Methods: A retrospective case series of three ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To present three cases of acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone (Ozurdex) with atypical presentation and to discuss the management of these patients. Methods: A retrospective case series of three patients with endophthalmitis following intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone (Ozurdex) implantation who presented between July 2020 and August 2020. Results: Two of three patients who were treated with topical steroid and antibiotic therapy alone showed favorable outcomes and were managed without the need for intravitreal antibiotics or implant removal. One patient who showed initial response to topical therapy subsequently required pars plana vitrectomy, implant removal, and a single empirical dose of intravitreal antibiotics and antifungal agent due to persistent inflammation. Conclusion: Postintravitreal Ozurdex endophthalmitis, although a rare entity, can present with atypical features of a painless white eye and a delayed onset intraocular inflammation. Although all cases of endophthalmitis should be treated as infective until proven otherwise, it is fair to consider a trial of conservative treatment with topical steroids and antibiotics initially with close monitoring. In cases with poor response to topical therapy, pars planar vitrectomy and implant removal should be strongly considered.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone ; Endophthalmitis/diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis/drug therapy ; Endophthalmitis/etiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Vitrectomy ; Inflammation ; Intravitreal Injections ; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1937-1578
ISSN (online)	1937-1578
DOI	10.1097/ICB.0000000000001369
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Article: Choosing anesthesia options for cataract surgery in patients with dementia.

Kumar, Chandra M / Gopal, Lekha / Seet, Edwin

Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology

2019 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–84

Abstract: Background and aims: Not all patients with dementia are the same, and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) helps in staging dementia. Ophthalmologists usually prefer general anesthesia (GA) for cataract surgery in patients with dementia. We evaluated the ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Not all patients with dementia are the same, and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) helps in staging dementia. Ophthalmologists usually prefer general anesthesia (GA) for cataract surgery in patients with dementia. We evaluated the impact of "Choosing Wisely" initiative on anesthesia options for cataract surgery in patients with dementia undergoing cataract surgery. Material and methods: A retrospective review of electronic perioperative database was performed over a 4-year period of patients with a specific diagnosis of dementia undergoing cataract surgery, after the introduction of the "Choosing Wisely" based on preoperative GDS assessment. Preferred method by the listing ophthalmologist, changes in anesthesia modality based on GDS, and the occurrence of intraoperative events were analyzed. Results: One hundred and thirty-six patients with dementia underwent cataract surgery over a 4-year period. The mean patient age was 78 years, 73.5% female, and 55% ASA physical status III. GA was administered for GDS stage 6-7, and regional anesthesia (RA) for GDS stages 1-5. Surgery was uneventful under RA in 64% of the patients (87 out of 136), and 2% (3 patients) originally deemed suitable for RA were converted to GA. Conclusions: The authors found a reduced requirement for GA when "Choosing Wisely' initiative was used based on the GDS stage.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1401760-x
ISSN	0970-9185
ISSN	0970-9185
DOI	10.4103/joacp.JOACP_22_18
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Article: Developing a normative database for retinal perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Tan, Bingyao / Sim, Yin Ci / Chua, Jacqueline / Yusufi, Dheo / Wong, Damon / Yow, Ai Ping / Chin, Calvin / Tan, Anna C S / Sng, Chelvin C A / Agrawal, Rupesh / Gopal, Lekha / Sim, Ralene / Tan, Gavin / Lamoureux, Ecosse / Schmetterer, Leopold

Biomedical optics express

2021 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 4032–4045

Abstract: Visualizing and characterizing microvascular abnormalities with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has deepened our understanding of ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Two types of ... ...

Abstract	Visualizing and characterizing microvascular abnormalities with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has deepened our understanding of ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Two types of microvascular defects can be detected by OCTA: focal decrease because of localized absence and collapse of retinal capillaries, which is referred to as the non-perfusion area in OCTA, and diffuse perfusion decrease usually detected by comparing with healthy case-control groups. Wider OCTA allows for insights into peripheral retinal vascularity, but the heterogeneous perfusion distribution from the macula, parapapillary area to periphery hurdles the quantitative assessment. A normative database for OCTA could estimate how much individual's data deviate from the normal range, and where the deviations locate. Here, we acquired OCTA images using a swept-source OCT system and a 12×12 mm protocol in healthy subjects. We automatically segmented the large blood vessels with U-Net, corrected for anatomical factors such as the relative position of fovea and disc, and segmented the capillaries by a moving window scheme. A total of 195 eyes were included and divided into 4 age groups: < 30 (n=24) years old, 30-49 (n=28) years old, 50-69 (n=109) years old and >69 (n=34) years old. This provides an age-dependent normative database for characterizing retinal perfusion abnormalities in 12×12 mm OCTA images. The usefulness of the normative database was tested on two pathological groups: one with diabetic retinopathy; the other with glaucoma.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.423469
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Article: Use of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Gopal, Lekha / Sharma, Tarun

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2007 Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 431–435

Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is now considered an important and leading cause of blindness among elderly patients in developed and developing countries. AMD has two forms, dry and wet; both can lead to visual loss. However, occurrence of ... ...

Abstract	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is now considered an important and leading cause of blindness among elderly patients in developed and developing countries. AMD has two forms, dry and wet; both can lead to visual loss. However, occurrence of subfoveal choroidal neovascular (CNV) membrane in the wet form results in severe visual impairment. Treatment options for choroidal neovascularization are available in order to maintain and in some cases improve vision. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to treat both classic and occult membranes. It has known to cause choroidal hypoperfusion and production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Intravitreal steroid can possibly reduce the damage caused due to these undesirable effects. In the recent past, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has been used extensively as an adjunct to PDT in AMD in order to reduce the number of PDT sessions and evaluate possible beneficial effects on vision. This article reviews the pharmacological attributes of triamcinolone, available evidence of its use as monotherapy or combination therapy to treat AMD, ocular side-effects thereof and ongoing clinical trials on IVTA.
MeSH term(s)	Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections ; Macular Degeneration/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage ; Vitreous Body
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Triamcinolone Acetonide (F446C597KA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-10-16
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	0301-4738
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/0301-4738.36477
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Article ; Online: Use of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration

Gopal Lekha / Sharma Tarun

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 55, Iss 6, Pp 431-

2007 Volume 435

Abstract	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is now considered an important and leading cause of blindness among elderly patients in developed and developing countries. AMD has two forms, dry and wet; both can lead to visual loss. However, occurrence of subfoveal choroidal neovascular (CNV) membrane in the wet form results in severe visual impairment. Treatment options for choroidal neovascularization are available in order to maintain and in some cases improve vision. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to treat both classic and occult membranes. It has known to cause choroidal hypoperfusion and production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Intravitreal steroid can possibly reduce the damage caused due to these undesirable effects. In the recent past, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has been used extensively as an adjunct to PDT in AMD in order to reduce the number of PDT sessions and evaluate possible beneficial effects on vision. This article reviews the pharmacological attributes of triamcinolone, available evidence of its use as monotherapy or combination therapy to treat AMD, ocular side-effects thereof and ongoing clinical trials on IVTA.
Keywords	Age-related macular degeneration ; choroidal neovascularization ; intravitreal steroid ; Ophthalmology ; RE1-994 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Ophthalmology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Choroidal neovascularization associated with coloboma of the choroid: a series of three cases.

Bhende, Muna / Suganeswari, G / Gopal, Lingam / Bhende, Pramod S / Gopal, Lekha / Rao, Chetan

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2011 Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 148–151

Abstract: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication associated with coloboma of the choroid. We describe three cases of coloboma choroid where there was loss of vision due to CNV development at the edge of the coloboma. One was managed by ... ...

Abstract	Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication associated with coloboma of the choroid. We describe three cases of coloboma choroid where there was loss of vision due to CNV development at the edge of the coloboma. One was managed by photodynamic therapy alone and two were managed by a combination of reduced fluence PDT and intravitreal bevacizumab. Significantly we noted that one treatment session was sufficient to achieve regression of the CNV and improvement in visual acuity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bevacizumab ; Choroid/abnormalities ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis ; Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy ; Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology ; Coloboma/complications ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Photochemotherapy ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02-24
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/0301-4738.77043
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Article ; Online: Dark secrets behind the shimmer of contact lens

Singh Deepak / Bhatt Gopal / Tuli Lekha / Mohapatra Tribhuban

BMC Research Notes, Vol 2, Iss 1, p

the Indian scenario

2009 Volume 79

Abstract: Abstract Background We studied the bacteriological profile of soft contact lens and its accessories among the asymptomatic subjects and monitored the compliance level with the lens use and its cleaning protocol. Findings A total of 115 (104 daily wear ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background We studied the bacteriological profile of soft contact lens and its accessories among the asymptomatic subjects and monitored the compliance level with the lens use and its cleaning protocol. Findings A total of 115 (104 daily wear and 11 extended wear) subjects using contact lens were studied. Data regarding the duration of use and frequency and method of cleaning were recorded. Contact lens, lens cases, preserving solutions and tips of solution bottles were the samples collected. The isolates were identified on the basis of their phenotypic characters. Samples from 24 subjects (21 daily wear and 3 extended wear) were found contaminated. Of the 24 contaminated cases, 23 showed medium adherence to the cleaning protocol. Contamination rate was higher among the 56 daily wear lens users who used same lens for 2 years and more, than the 48 users who used their lenses for less than 2 years. Lens case contamination was found in all the 24 cases. The bacteria isolated were Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae . In extended wear lens users, there was no change in microbial flora on repeating the cultures on day 7 and 14. Conclusion Non-compliance with contact lens use may lead to invitation of microbial flora. The accumulation of these bacteria may act as a precursor to biofilm formation, thus colonizing the lens accessories as well. The bacteria isolated in this study were similar to the ones causing microbial keratitis thus, predisposing the otherwise asymptomatic subjects to permanent visual damage.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Choroidal neovascularization associated with coloboma of the choroid

Bhende Muna / Suganeswari G / Gopal Lingam / Bhende Pramod / Gopal Lekha / Rao Chetan

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 59, Iss 2, Pp 148-

A series of three cases

2011 Volume 151

Abstract	Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication associated with coloboma of the choroid. We describe three cases of coloboma choroid where there was loss of vision due to CNV development at the edge of the coloboma. One was managed by photodynamic therapy alone and two were managed by a combination of reduced fluence PDT and intravitreal bevacizumab. Significantly we noted that one treatment session was sufficient to achieve regression of the CNV and improvement in visual acuity.
Keywords	Anti-VEGF therapy ; bevacizumab ; choroidal coloboma ; choroidal neovascular membrane ; photodynamic therapy ; Ophthalmology ; RE1-994 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Ophthalmology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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