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  1. Article ; Online: KardiaMobile 6L for measuring QT interval in people having antipsychotic medication to inform early value assessment: a systematic review.

    Westwood, Marie / Armstrong, Nigel / Posadzki, Pawel / Noake, Caro

    Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)

    2024  Volume 28, Issue 19, Page(s) 1–94

    Abstract: ... medication. The evidence to inform the aims of this early value assessment (i.e. to assess whether the device ...

    Abstract Background: The indication for this assessment is the use of the KardiaMobile six-lead electrocardiogram device for the assessment of QT interval-based cardiac risk in service users prior to the initiation of, or for the monitoring of, antipsychotic medications, which are associated with an established risk of QT interval prolongation.
    Objectives: To provide an early value assessment of whether KardiaMobile six-lead has the potential to provide an effective and safe alternative to 12-lead electrocardiogram for initial assessment and monitoring of QT interval-based cardiac risk in people taking antipsychotic medications.
    Review methods: Twenty-seven databases were searched to April/May 2022. Review methods followed published guidelines. Where appropriate, study quality was assessed using appropriate risk of bias tools. Results were summarised by research question; accuracy/technical performance; clinical effects (on cardiac and psychiatric outcomes); service user acceptability/satisfaction; costs of KardiaMobile six-lead.
    Results: We did not identify any studies which provided information about the diagnostic accuracy of KardiaMobile six-lead, for the detection of corrected QT-interval prolongation, in any population. All studies which reported information about agreement between QT interval measurements (corrected and/or uncorrected) with KardiaMobile six-lead versus 12-lead electrocardiogram were conducted in non-psychiatric populations, used cardiologists and/or multiple readers to interpret electrocardiograms. Where reported or calculable, the mean difference in corrected QT interval between devices (12-lead electrocardiogram vs. KardiaMobile six-lead) was generally small (≤ 10 ms) and corrected QT interval measured using KardiaMobile six-lead was consistently lower than that measured using 12-lead electrocardiogram. All information about the use of KardiaMobile six-lead, in the context of QT interval-based cardiac risk assessment for service users who require antipsychotic medication, was taken from retrospective surveys of staff and service users who had chosen to use KardiaMobile six-lead during pilots, described in two unpublished project reports. It is important to note that both these project reports relate to pilot studies which were not intended to be used in wider evaluations of KardiaMobile six-lead for use in the NHS. Both reports included survey results which indicated that the use of KardiaMobile six-lead may be associated with reductions in the time taken to complete an electrocardiogram and costs, relative to 12-lead electrocardiogram, and that KardiaMobile six-lead was preferred over 12-lead electrocardiogram by almost all responding staff and service users.
    Limitations: There was a lack of published evidence about the efficacy of KardiaMobile six-lead for initial assessment and monitoring of QT interval-based cardiac risk in people taking antipsychotic medications.
    Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to support a full diagnostic assessment evaluating the clinical and cost effectiveness of KardiaMobile six-lead, in the context of QT interval-based cardiac risk assessment for service users who require antipsychotic medication. The evidence to inform the aims of this early value assessment (i.e. to assess whether the device has the potential to be clinically effective and cost-effective) was also limited. This report includes a comprehensive list of research recommendations, both to reduce the uncertainty around this early value assessment and to provide the additional data needed to inform a full diagnostic assessment, including cost-effectiveness modelling.
    Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42022336695.
    Funding: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR135520) and is published in full in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Electrocardiography ; Cognition ; National Health Programs ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2006765-3
    ISSN 2046-4924 ; 1366-5278
    ISSN (online) 2046-4924
    ISSN 1366-5278
    DOI 10.3310/TFHU0078
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Software with artificial intelligence-derived algorithms for analysing CT brain scans in people with a suspected acute stroke: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.

    Westwood, Marie / Ramaekers, Bram / Grimm, Sabine / Armstrong, Nigel / Wijnen, Ben / Ahmadu, Charlotte / de Kock, Shelley / Noake, Caro / Joore, Manuela

    Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)

    2024  Volume 28, Issue 11, Page(s) 1–204

    Abstract: ... to 88.7%) and 95.7% (95% confidence interval 91.0% to 98.0%) for Brainomix (Brainomix Ltd, Oxford, UK) e ... treatment decisions increased the sensitivity of the diagnostic pathway (i.e. reduced the proportion ...

    Abstract Background: Artificial intelligence-derived software technologies have been developed that are intended to facilitate the review of computed tomography brain scans in patients with suspected stroke.
    Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of using artificial intelligence-derived software to support review of computed tomography brain scans in acute stroke in the National Health Service setting.
    Methods: Twenty-five databases were searched to July 2021. The review process included measures to minimise error and bias. Results were summarised by research question, artificial intelligence-derived software technology and study type. The health economic analysis focused on the addition of artificial intelligence-derived software-assisted review of computed tomography angiography brain scans for guiding mechanical thrombectomy treatment decisions for people with an ischaemic stroke. The de novo model (developed in R Shiny, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) consisted of a decision tree (short-term) and a state transition model (long-term) to calculate the mean expected costs and quality-adjusted life-years for people with ischaemic stroke and suspected large-vessel occlusion comparing artificial intelligence-derived software-assisted review to usual care.
    Results: A total of 22 studies (30 publications) were included in the review; 18/22 studies concerned artificial intelligence-derived software for the interpretation of computed tomography angiography to detect large-vessel occlusion. No study evaluated an artificial intelligence-derived software technology used as specified in the inclusion criteria for this assessment. For artificial intelligence-derived software technology alone, sensitivity and specificity estimates for proximal anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion were 95.4% (95% confidence interval 92.7% to 97.1%) and 79.4% (95% confidence interval 75.8% to 82.6%) for Rapid (iSchemaView, Menlo Park, CA, USA) computed tomography angiography, 91.2% (95% confidence interval 77.0% to 97.0%) and 85.0 (95% confidence interval 64.0% to 94.8%) for Viz LVO (Viz.ai, Inc., San Fransisco, VA, USA) large-vessel occlusion, 83.8% (95% confidence interval 77.3% to 88.7%) and 95.7% (95% confidence interval 91.0% to 98.0%) for Brainomix (Brainomix Ltd, Oxford, UK) e-computed tomography angiography and 98.1% (95% confidence interval 94.5% to 99.3%) and 98.2% (95% confidence interval 95.5% to 99.3%) for Avicenna CINA (Avicenna AI, La Ciotat, France) large-vessel occlusion, based on one study each. These studies were not considered appropriate to inform cost-effectiveness modelling but formed the basis by which the accuracy of artificial intelligence plus human reader could be elicited by expert opinion. Probabilistic analyses based on the expert elicitation to inform the sensitivity of the diagnostic pathway indicated that the addition of artificial intelligence to detect large-vessel occlusion is potentially more effective (quality-adjusted life-year gain of 0.003), more costly (increased costs of £8.61) and cost-effective for willingness-to-pay thresholds of £3380 per quality-adjusted life-year and higher.
    Limitations and conclusions: The available evidence is not suitable to determine the clinical effectiveness of using artificial intelligence-derived software to support the review of computed tomography brain scans in acute stroke. The economic analyses did not provide evidence to prefer the artificial intelligence-derived software strategy over current clinical practice. However, results indicated that if the addition of artificial intelligence-derived software-assisted review for guiding mechanical thrombectomy treatment decisions increased the sensitivity of the diagnostic pathway (i.e. reduced the proportion of undetected large-vessel occlusions), this may be considered cost-effective.
    Future work: Large, preferably multicentre, studies are needed (for all artificial intelligence-derived software technologies) that evaluate these technologies as they would be implemented in clinical practice.
    Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42021269609.
    Funding: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR133836) and is published in full in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/therapy ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Brain Ischemia ; State Medicine ; Algorithms ; Software ; Ischemic Stroke ; Brain/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2006765-3
    ISSN 2046-4924 ; 1366-5278
    ISSN (online) 2046-4924
    ISSN 1366-5278
    DOI 10.3310/RDPA1487
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Machine learning reveals singing rhythms of male Pacific field crickets are clock controlled.

    Westwood, Mary L / Geissmann, Quentin / O'Donnell, Aidan J / Rayner, Jack / Schneider, Will / Zuk, Marlene / Bailey, Nathan W / Reece, Sarah E

    Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) arad098

    Abstract: Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous in nature and endogenous circadian clocks drive the daily expression of many fitness-related behaviors. However, little is known about whether such traits are targets of selection imposed by natural enemies. In Hawaiian ... ...

    Abstract Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous in nature and endogenous circadian clocks drive the daily expression of many fitness-related behaviors. However, little is known about whether such traits are targets of selection imposed by natural enemies. In Hawaiian populations of the nocturnally active Pacific field cricket (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1496189-1
    ISSN 1465-7279 ; 1045-2249
    ISSN (online) 1465-7279
    ISSN 1045-2249
    DOI 10.1093/beheco/arad098
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Consistent traffic noise impacts few fitness-related traits in a field cricket.

    Welsh, Gabrielle T / Anner, Sophia C / Westwood, Mary L / Rockwell, Victoria / O'Toole, Hannah / Holiday, Megan / Tinghitella, Robin M

    BMC ecology and evolution

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 78

    Abstract: ... whether the amplitude of traffic noise influences a suite of fitness-related traits (e.g. survival, life history ...

    Abstract Background: Anthropogenic habitat change is occurring rapidly, and organisms can respond through within-generation responses that improve the match between their phenotype and the novel conditions they encounter. But, plastic responses can be adaptive or maladaptive and are most likely to be adaptive only when contemporary conditions reasonably mimic something experienced historically to which a response has already evolved. Noise pollution is a ubiquitous anthropogenic stressor that accompanies expanding urbanization. We tested whether the amplitude of traffic noise influences a suite of fitness-related traits (e.g. survival, life history, reproductive investment, immunity) and whether that depends on the life stage at which the noise is experienced (juvenile or adult). Our treatments mimic the conditions experienced by animals living in urban roadside environments with variable vehicle types, but continuous movement of traffic. We used the Pacific field cricket, an acoustically communicating insect that was previously shown to experience some negative behavioral and life history responses to very loud, variable traffic noise, as a model system.
    Results: After exposing crickets to one of four traffic noise levels (silence, 50dBA, 60dBA, and 70dBA which are commonly experienced in their natural environment) during development, at adulthood, or both, we measured a comprehensive suite of fifteen fitness-related traits. We found that survival to adulthood was lower under some noise treatments than under silence, and that the number of live offspring hatched depended on the interaction between a female's juvenile and adult exposure to traffic noise. Both of these suggest that our noise treatments were indeed a stressor. However, we found no evidence of negative or positive fitness effects of noise on the other thirteen measured traits.
    Conclusions: Our results suggest that, in contrast to previous work with loud, variable traffic noise, when noise exposure is relatively constant, plasticity may be sufficient to buffer many negative fitness effects and/or animals may be able to habituate to these conditions, regardless of amplitude. Our work highlights the importance of understanding how the particular characteristics of noise experienced by animals influence their biological responses and provides insight into how commensal animals thrive in human-dominated habitats.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Noise, Transportation/adverse effects ; Reproduction/physiology ; Environment ; Ecosystem ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2730-7182
    ISSN (online) 2730-7182
    DOI 10.1186/s12862-023-02190-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A systematic review classifies sources of bias and variation in diagnostic test accuracy studies.

    Whiting, Penny F / Rutjes, Anne W S / Westwood, Marie E / Mallett, Susan

    Journal of clinical epidemiology

    2013  Volume 66, Issue 10, Page(s) 1093–1104

    Abstract: Objective: To classify the sources of bias and variation and to provide an updated summary of the evidence of the effects of each source of bias and variation.: Study design and setting: We conducted a systematic review of studies of any design with ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To classify the sources of bias and variation and to provide an updated summary of the evidence of the effects of each source of bias and variation.
    Study design and setting: We conducted a systematic review of studies of any design with the main objective of addressing bias or variation in the results of diagnostic accuracy studies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, the Cochrane Methodology Register, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) from 2001 to October 2011. Citation searches based on three key papers were conducted, and studies from our previous review (search to 2001) were eligible. One reviewer extracted data on the study design, objective, sources of bias and/or variation, and results. A second reviewer checked the extraction.
    Results: We summarized the number of studies providing evidence of an effect arising from each source of bias and variation on the estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy.
    Conclusions: We found consistent evidence for the effects of case-control design, observer variability, availability of clinical information, reference standard, partial and differential verification bias, demographic features, and disease prevalence and severity. Effects were generally stronger for sensitivity than for specificity. Evidence for other sources of bias and variation was limited.
    MeSH term(s) Bias ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/standards ; Humans ; Review Literature as Topic ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 639306-8
    ISSN 1878-5921 ; 0895-4356
    ISSN (online) 1878-5921
    ISSN 0895-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Optimizing the Use of High-Sensitivity Troponin Assays for the Early Rule-out of Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with Chest Pain: A Systematic Review.

    Westwood, Marie E / Armstrong, Nigel / Worthy, Gill / Fayter, Debra / Ramaekers, Bram L T / Grimm, Sabine / Buksnys, Titas / Ross, Janine / Mills, Nicholas L / Body, Richard / Collinson, Paul O / Timmis, Adam / Kleijnen, Jos

    Clinical chemistry

    2019  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 237–244

    Abstract: Background: We assessed the accuracy and clinical effectiveness of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays for early rule-out of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in adults presenting with acute chest pain.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: We assessed the accuracy and clinical effectiveness of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays for early rule-out of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in adults presenting with acute chest pain.
    Methods: Sixteen databases were searched to September 2019. Review methods followed published guidelines. The bivariate model was used to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals for meta-analyses involving 4 or more studies, otherwise random-effects logistic regression was used.
    Results: Thirty-seven studies (124 publications) were included in the review. The hs-cTn test strategies evaluated in the included studies were defined by the combination of 4 factors (assay, number of tests, timing of tests, and threshold concentration or change in concentration between tests). Clinical opinion indicated a minimum acceptable sensitivity of 97%. A single test at presentation using a threshold at or near the assay limit of detection could reliably rule-out NSTEMI for a range of hs-cTn assays. Serial testing strategies, which include an immediate rule-out step, increased the proportion ruled out without loss of sensitivity. Finally, serial testing strategies without an immediate rule-out step had excellent sensitivity and specificity, but at the expense of the option for immediate patient discharge.
    Conclusion: Test strategies that comprise an initial rule-out step, based on low hs-cTn concentrations at presentation and a minimum symptom duration, and a second step for those not ruled-out that incorporates a small absolute change in hs-cTn at 1, 2, or 3 hours, produce the highest rule-out rates with a very low risk of missed NSTEMI.
    Prospero registration: CRD42019154716.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Algorithms ; Angina Pectoris/blood ; Angina Pectoris/complications ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods ; Humans ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/blood ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/complications ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Troponin I/analysis ; Troponin T/analysis
    Chemical Substances Troponin I ; Troponin T
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80102-1
    ISSN 1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
    ISSN (online) 1530-8561
    ISSN 0009-9147
    DOI 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: A Novel Metastatic Estrogen Receptor-Expressing Breast Cancer Model with Antiestrogen Responsiveness.

    Langsten, Kendall L / Shi, Lihong / Wilson, Adam S / Lumia, Salvatore / Westwood, Brian / Skeen, Alexandra M / Xie, Maria T / Surratt, Victoria E / Turner, JoLyn / Langefeld, Carl D / Singh, Ravi / Cook, Katherine L / Kerr, Bethany A

    Cancers

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 24

    Abstract: Most women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ER+) disease. The current mouse models of ER+ BC often rely on exogenous estrogen to encourage metastasis, which modifies the immune system and the function of some ... ...

    Abstract Most women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ER+) disease. The current mouse models of ER+ BC often rely on exogenous estrogen to encourage metastasis, which modifies the immune system and the function of some tissues like bone. Other studies use genetically modified or immunocompromised mouse strains, which do not accurately replicate the clinical disease. To create a model of antiestrogen responsive BC with spontaneous metastasis, we developed a mouse model of 4T1.2 triple-negative (TN) breast cancer with virally transduced ER expression that metastasizes spontaneously without exogenous estrogen stimulation and is responsive to antiestrogen drugs. Our mouse model exhibited upregulated ER-responsive genes and multi-organ metastasis without exogenous estrogen administration. Additionally, we developed a second TN BC cell line, E0771/bone, to express ER, and while it expressed ER-responsive genes, it lacked spontaneous metastasis to clinically important tissues. Following antiestrogen treatment (tamoxifen, ICI 182,780, or vehicle control), 4T1.2- and E0771/bone-derived tumor volumes and weights were significantly decreased, exemplifying antiestrogen responsivity in both cell lines. This 4T1.2 tumor model, which expresses the estrogen receptor, metastasizes spontaneously, and responds to antiestrogen treatment, will allow for further investigation into the biology and potential treatment of metastasis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers15245773
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes.

    Pownall, Madeleine / Azevedo, Flávio / König, Laura M / Slack, Hannah R / Evans, Thomas Rhys / Flack, Zoe / Grinschgl, Sandra / Elsherif, Mahmoud M / Gilligan-Lee, Katie A / de Oliveira, Catia M F / Gjoneska, Biljana / Kalandadze, Tamara / Button, Katherine / Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah / Terry, Jenny / Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan / Děchtěrenko, Filip / Alzahawi, Shilaan / Baker, Bradley J /
    Pittelkow, Merle-Marie / Riedl, Lydia / Schmidt, Kathleen / Pennington, Charlotte R / Shaw, John J / Lüke, Timo / Makel, Matthew C / Hartmann, Helena / Zaneva, Mirela / Walker, Daniel / Verheyen, Steven / Cox, Daniel / Mattschey, Jennifer / Gallagher-Mitchell, Tom / Branney, Peter / Weisberg, Yanna / Izydorczak, Kamil / Al-Hoorie, Ali H / Creaven, Ann-Marie / Stewart, Suzanne L K / Krautter, Kai / Matvienko-Sikar, Karen / Westwood, Samuel J / Arriaga, Patrícia / Liu, Meng / Baum, Myriam A / Wingen, Tobias / Ross, Robert M / O'Mahony, Aoife / Bochynska, Agata / Jamieson, Michelle / Tromp, Myrthe Vel / Yeung, Siu Kit / Vasilev, Martin R / Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie / Micheli, Leticia / Konkol, Markus / Moreau, David / Bartlett, James E / Clark, Kait / Brekelmans, Gwen / Gkinopoulos, Theofilos / Tyler, Samantha L / Röer, Jan Philipp / Ilchovska, Zlatomira G / Madan, Christopher R / Robertson, Olly / Iley, Bethan J / Guay, Samuel / Sladekova, Martina / Sadhwani, Shanu

    Royal Society open science

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 221255

    Abstract: In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progress has been ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progress has been positive, there is a lack of consideration about how this approach can be embedded into undergraduate and postgraduate research training. Specifically, a critical overview of the literature which investigates how integrating open and reproducible science may influence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.221255
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: High-sensitivity troponin assays for early rule-out of acute myocardial infarction in people with acute chest pain: a systematic review and economic evaluation.

    Westwood, Marie / Ramaekers, Bram / Grimm, Sabine / Worthy, Gill / Fayter, Debra / Armstrong, Nigel / Buksnys, Titas / Ross, Janine / Joore, Manuela / Kleijnen, Jos

    Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)

    2021  Volume 25, Issue 33, Page(s) 1–276

    Abstract: ... of four factors (i.e. assay, number and timing of tests, and threshold concentration), resulting ...

    Abstract Background: Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is important, but only 20% of emergency admissions for chest pain will actually have an acute myocardial infarction. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays may allow rapid rule out of myocardial infarction and avoid unnecessary hospital admissions.
    Objectives: To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for the management of adults presenting with acute chest pain, in particular for the early rule-out of acute myocardial infarction.
    Methods: Sixteen databases were searched up to September 2019. Review methods followed published guidelines. Studies were assessed for quality using appropriate risk-of-bias tools. The bivariate model was used to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity for meta-analyses involving four or more studies; otherwise, random-effects logistic regression was used. The health economic analysis considered the long-term costs and quality-adjusted life-years associated with different troponin testing methods. The de novo model consisted of a decision tree and a state-transition cohort model. A lifetime time horizon (of 60 years) was used.
    Results: Thirty-seven studies (123 publications) were included in the review. The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin test strategies evaluated are defined by the combination of four factors (i.e. assay, number and timing of tests, and threshold concentration), resulting in a large number of possible combinations. Clinical opinion indicated a minimum clinically acceptable sensitivity of 97%. When considering single test strategies, only those using a threshold at or near to the limit of detection for the assay, in a sample taken at presentation, met the minimum clinically acceptable sensitivity criterion. The majority of the multiple test strategies that met this criterion comprised an initial rule-out step, based on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin levels in a sample taken on presentation and a minimum symptom duration, and a second stage for patients not meeting the initial rule-out criteria, based on presentation levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin and absolute change after 1, 2 or 3 hours. Two large cluster randomised controlled trials found that implementation of an early rule-out pathway for myocardial infarction reduced length of stay and rate of hospital admission without increasing cardiac events. In the base-case analysis, standard troponin testing was both the most effective and the most costly. Other testing strategies with a sensitivity of 100% (subject to uncertainty) were almost equally effective, resulting in the same life-year and quality-adjusted life-year gain at up to four decimal places. Comparisons based on the next best alternative showed that for willingness-to-pay values below £8455 per quality-adjusted life-year, the Access High Sensitivity Troponin I (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) [(symptoms > 3 hours AND < 4 ng/l at 0 hours) OR (< 5 ng/l AND Δ < 5 ng/l at 0 to 2 hours)] would be cost-effective. For thresholds between £8455 and £20,190 per quality-adjusted life-year, the Elecsys
    Conclusions: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin testing may be cost-effective compared with standard troponin testing.
    Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42019154716.
    Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme and will be published in full in
    MeSH term(s) Chest Pain/diagnosis ; Chest Pain/etiology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Troponin
    Chemical Substances Troponin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2006765-3
    ISSN 2046-4924 ; 1366-5278
    ISSN (online) 2046-4924
    ISSN 1366-5278
    DOI 10.3310/hta25330
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Response.

    Westwood, Marie E / Raatz, Heike D I / Misso, Kate / Burgers, Laura / Redekop, Ken / Lhachimi, Stefan K / Armstrong, Nigel / Kleijnen, Jos

    Radiology

    2013  Volume 268, Issue 3, Page(s) 924–923

    MeSH term(s) Coronary Angiography/methods ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80324-8
    ISSN 1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
    ISSN (online) 1527-1315
    ISSN 0033-8419
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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