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Article ; Online: Use of radiographic features in COVID-19 diagnosis: Challenges and perspectives.

Chen, Sin-Guang / Chen, Ju-Yu / Yang, Yi-Ping / Chien, Chian-Shiu / Wang, Mong-Lien / Lin, Liang-Ting

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

2020 Volume 83, Issue 7, Page(s) 644–647

Abstract: The rapid surge and wide spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overshadows the entire medical industries worldwide. The stringent medical resources hinder the diagnostic capacity globally, while 84 000 of new cases confirmed within a single ... ...

Abstract	The rapid surge and wide spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overshadows the entire medical industries worldwide. The stringent medical resources hinder the diagnostic capacity globally, while 84 000 of new cases confirmed within a single day of April 14, 2020. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with is the current first-line diagnosis, but the false-negative rate remains concerned. Radiographic technologies and tools, including computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray, were applied for initial screening and follow-up, from which the tools provide detail diagnosis with specific pathologic features for staging and treatment arrangement. Although the radiographic imaging is found less sensitive, numerous CT-positive patients were not screened out by RT-PCR initially and later confirmed as COVID-19 positive. Besides, the shortage of sampling kits and the longer turn-over time of PCR examinations in some areas were noticed due to logistic issues and healthcare burden. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and the future perspectives of using radiographic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis in view of securing human lives amid the crisis.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2107283-8
ISSN	1728-7731 ; 1726-4901
ISSN (online)	1728-7731
ISSN	1726-4901
DOI	10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000336
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Article ; Online: Vascular Tissue Engineering: Advanced Techniques and Gene Editing in Stem Cells for Graft Generation.

Chen, Sin-Guang / Ugwu, Felix / Li, Wan-Chun / Caplice, Noel M / Petcu, Eugen / Yip, Shea Ping / Huang, Chien-Ling

Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews

2020 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–28

Abstract: The common occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and the lack of proper autologous tissues prompt and promote the pressing development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Current progress on scaffold production, genetically modified cells, and ... ...

Abstract	The common occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and the lack of proper autologous tissues prompt and promote the pressing development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Current progress on scaffold production, genetically modified cells, and use of nanotechnology-based monitoring has considerably improved the long-term patency of engineered tissue grafts. However, challenges abound in the autologous materials and manipulation of genes and cells for tissue engineering. This review overviews current development in TEVGs and discusses recent improvements in scaffolding techniques and the efficiency of gene-editing tools and their ability to fill the existing gaps in stem cell and regenerative therapies. Current advances in three-dimensional printing approaches for fabrication of engineered tissues are also reviewed together with specific biomaterials for vascular tissues. In addition, the natural and synthetic polymers that hold increasing significance for vascular tissue engineering are highlighted. Both animal models and nanotechnology-based monitoring are proposed for preclinical evaluation of engineered grafts in view of their historical significance in tissue engineering. The ultimate success of tissue regeneration, which is yet to be fully realized, depends on the optimal performance of culture systems, biomaterial constructs, and stem cells in a suitable artificial physiological environment.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Gene Editing ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2420584-9
ISSN	1937-3376 ; 1937-3368
ISSN (online)	1937-3376
ISSN	1937-3368
DOI	10.1089/ten.TEB.2019.0264
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Article ; Online: The myopia susceptibility locus vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) contains variants with opposite effects

Kim Hung Leung / Shumeng Luo / Regina Kwarteng / Sin-Guang Chen / Maurice K. H. Yap / Chien-Ling Huang / Shea Ping Yip

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Myopia is the commonest eye disorder in the world. High myopes are predisposed to ocular pathologies. The vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) gene was identified as a myopia susceptibility locus by our group and another group. We ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Myopia is the commonest eye disorder in the world. High myopes are predisposed to ocular pathologies. The vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) gene was identified as a myopia susceptibility locus by our group and another group. We continued to fine-map this locus. A case-control study was performed in 4 sequential stages with a total of 941 highly myopic subjects and 846 control subjects, all unrelated Chinese. Stage 1 experimentally genotyped 64.4% of the entire cohort for 152 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Stage 2 the remaining subjects for 21 SNPs. Stage 3 combined the genotypes for 21 SNPs for the entire cohort, and identified one group of high-risk haplotypes and one group of protective haplotypes significantly associated with high myopia. Stage 4 imputed genotypes for variants in the VIPR2 region and identified two independent groups of variants: one group with high-risk minor alleles and another with protective minor alleles. Variants within each group were generally in strong linkage disequilibrium among themselves while high-risk variants were in linkage equilibrium with protective variants. Therefore, the VIPR2 locus seems to contain variants with opposite effects. This is the first study that has examined the genetic architecture of a myopia susceptibility locus in detail.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The myopia susceptibility locus vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) contains variants with opposite effects.

Leung, Kim Hung / Luo, Shumeng / Kwarteng, Regina / Chen, Sin-Guang / Yap, Maurice K H / Huang, Chien-Ling / Yip, Shea Ping

Scientific reports

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 18165

Abstract: Myopia is the commonest eye disorder in the world. High myopes are predisposed to ocular pathologies. The vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) gene was identified as a myopia susceptibility locus by our group and another group. We continued ... ...

Abstract	Myopia is the commonest eye disorder in the world. High myopes are predisposed to ocular pathologies. The vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) gene was identified as a myopia susceptibility locus by our group and another group. We continued to fine-map this locus. A case-control study was performed in 4 sequential stages with a total of 941 highly myopic subjects and 846 control subjects, all unrelated Chinese. Stage 1 experimentally genotyped 64.4% of the entire cohort for 152 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Stage 2 the remaining subjects for 21 SNPs. Stage 3 combined the genotypes for 21 SNPs for the entire cohort, and identified one group of high-risk haplotypes and one group of protective haplotypes significantly associated with high myopia. Stage 4 imputed genotypes for variants in the VIPR2 region and identified two independent groups of variants: one group with high-risk minor alleles and another with protective minor alleles. Variants within each group were generally in strong linkage disequilibrium among themselves while high-risk variants were in linkage equilibrium with protective variants. Therefore, the VIPR2 locus seems to contain variants with opposite effects. This is the first study that has examined the genetic architecture of a myopia susceptibility locus in detail.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genotype ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics ; Male ; Myopia, Degenerative/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/genetics
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II ; VIPR2 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-019-54619-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Natural flavone tricin exerted anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage via NF-κB pathway and ameliorated acute colitis in mice.

Li, Xiao-Xiao / Chen, Sin-Guang / Yue, Grace Gar-Lee / Kwok, Hin-Fai / Lee, Julia Kin-Ming / Zheng, Tao / Shaw, Pang-Chui / Simmonds, Monique S J / Lau, Clara Bik-San

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

2021 Volume 90, Page(s) 153625

Abstract: Background: Ulcerative colitis is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatment options. Previous studies suggested that the natural compound tricin, a flavone ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ulcerative colitis is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatment options. Previous studies suggested that the natural compound tricin, a flavone isolated from rice bran, could suppress chemically-induced colitis in mice, while our recent study also demonstrated the anti-metastatic effect of tricin in colon tumor-bearing mice. Hypothesis/purpose: Here we further investigated the underlying mechanism of the inhibitory effects of tricin on lipopolysaccharides-activated macrophage RAW264.7 cells and explored the efficacy of tricin in acute colitis mouse model induced by 4.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. Methods: Tricin (75, 100, and 150 mg/kg) or the positive control drug sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 7 days. Stool consistency scores, stool blood scores, and body weight were recorded daily. Disease activity index (DAI) was examined on day 7, and colon tissues were collected for biochemical analyses. The fecal microbiome of colitis mice after tricin treatment was characterized for the first time in this study using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: Results showed that tricin (50 µM) remarkably reduced nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharides-activated RAW264.7 cells and the anti-inflammatory activity of tricin was shown to act through the NF-κB pathway. Besides, tricin treatment at 150 mg/kg significantly reversed colon length reduction, reduced myeloperoxidase activities and DAI scores, as well as restored the elevated myeloid-derived suppressive cells population in acute colitis mice. The influence from DSS on gut microbiota, such as the increased population of Proteobacteria phylum and Ruminococcaceae family, was shown to be relieved after tricin treatment. Conclusion: Our present study firstly demonstrated that tricin ameliorated acute colitis by improving colonic inflammation and modulating gut microbiota profile, which supports the potential therapeutic use of tricin for colitis treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Colitis/drug therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Colon/pathology ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flavones/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; RAW 264.7 Cells
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; NF-kappa B ; Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2) ; tricin (D51JZL38TQ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153625
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Article ; Online: Use of Radiographic Features in COVID-19 Diagnosis ; Challenges and Perspectives

Chen, Sin-Guang / Chen, Ju-Yu / Yang, Yi-Ping / Chien, Chian-Shiu / Wang, Mong-Lien / Lin, Liang-Ting

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association

2020 Volume Publish Ahead of Print

Keywords	General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2107283-8
ISSN	1728-7731 ; 1726-4901
ISSN (online)	1728-7731
ISSN	1726-4901
DOI	10.1097/jcma.0000000000000336
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Article ; Online: Transcranial focused ultrasound pulsation suppresses pentylenetetrazol induced epilepsy in vivo.

Chen, Sin-Guang / Tsai, Chih-Hung / Lin, Chia-Jung / Lee, Cheng-Chia / Yu, Hsiang-Yu / Hsieh, Tsung-Hsun / Liu, Hao-Li

Brain stimulation

2019 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–46

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal neuron discharge, and one-third of epilepsy patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The current management for DRE includes epileptogenic lesion resection, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal neuron discharge, and one-third of epilepsy patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The current management for DRE includes epileptogenic lesion resection, disconnection, and neuromodulation. Neuromodulation is achieved through invasive electrical stimulus including deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, or responsive neurostimulation (RNS). As an alternative therapy, transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) can transcranially and non-invasively modulate neuron activity. Objective: This study seeks to verify the use of FUS pulsations to suppress spikes in an acute epileptic small-animal model, and to investigate possible biological mechanisms by which FUS pulsations interfere with epileptic neuronal activity. Methods: The study used a total of 76 Sprague-Dawley rats. For the epilepsy model, rats were administered pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce acute epileptic-like abnormal neuron discharges, followed by FUS exposure. Various ultrasound parameters were set to test the epilepsy-suppressing effect, while concurrently monitoring and analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Animal behavior was monitored and histological examinations were conducted to evaluate the hazard posed by ultrasound exposure and the expression of neuronal activity markers. Western blotting was used to evaluate the correlation between FUS-induced epileptic suppression and the PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway. Results: We observed that FUS pulsations effectively suppressed epileptic activity and observed EEG spectrum oscillations; the spike-suppressing effect depended on the selection of ultrasound parameters and highly correlated with FUS exposure level. Expression level changes of c-Fos and GAD65 were confirmed in the cortex and hippocampus, indicating that FUS pulsations deactivated excitatory cells and activated GABAergic terminals. No tissue damage, inflammatory response, or behavioral abnormalities were observed in rats treated with FUS under these exposure parameters. We also found that the FUS pulsations down-regulated the S6 phosphorylation and decreased pAKT expression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that pulsed FUS exposure effectively suppresses epileptic spikes in an acute epilepsy animal model, and finds that ultrasound pulsation interferes with neuronal activity and affects the PTZ-induced PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, which might help explain the mechanism underlying ultrasound-related epileptic spike control.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Epilepsy/chemically induced ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Epilepsy/therapy ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Male ; Pentylenetetrazole/toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ultrasonic Therapy/methods
Chemical Substances	Pentylenetetrazole (WM5Z385K7T)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2394410-9
ISSN	1876-4754 ; 1935-861X
ISSN (online)	1876-4754
ISSN	1935-861X
DOI	10.1016/j.brs.2019.09.011
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Article: Natural flavone tricin exerted anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage via NF-κB pathway and ameliorated acute colitis in mice

Li, Xiao-Xiao / Chen, Sin-Guang / Yue, Grace Gar-Lee / Kwok, Hin-Fai / Lee, Julia Kin-Ming / Zheng, Tao / Shaw, Pang-Chui / Simmonds, Monique S.J. / Lau, Clara Bik-San

Phytomedicine. 2021 Sept., v. 90

2021

Abstract: Ulcerative colitis is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatment options. Previous studies suggested that the natural compound tricin, a flavone isolated from rice ...

Abstract	Ulcerative colitis is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatment options. Previous studies suggested that the natural compound tricin, a flavone isolated from rice bran, could suppress chemically-induced colitis in mice, while our recent study also demonstrated the anti-metastatic effect of tricin in colon tumor-bearing mice.Here we further investigated the underlying mechanism of the inhibitory effects of tricin on lipopolysaccharides-activated macrophage RAW264.7 cells and explored the efficacy of tricin in acute colitis mouse model induced by 4.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days.Tricin (75, 100, and 150 mg/kg) or the positive control drug sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 7 days. Stool consistency scores, stool blood scores, and body weight were recorded daily. Disease activity index (DAI) was examined on day 7, and colon tissues were collected for biochemical analyses. The fecal microbiome of colitis mice after tricin treatment was characterized for the first time in this study using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Results showed that tricin (50 µM) remarkably reduced nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharides-activated RAW264.7 cells and the anti-inflammatory activity of tricin was shown to act through the NF-κB pathway. Besides, tricin treatment at 150 mg/kg significantly reversed colon length reduction, reduced myeloperoxidase activities and DAI scores, as well as restored the elevated myeloid-derived suppressive cells population in acute colitis mice. The influence from DSS on gut microbiota, such as the increased population of Proteobacteria phylum and Ruminococcaceae family, was shown to be relieved after tricin treatment.Our present study firstly demonstrated that tricin ameliorated acute colitis by improving colonic inflammation and modulating gut microbiota profile, which supports the potential therapeutic use of tricin for colitis treatment.
Keywords	Proteobacteria ; Ruminococcaceae ; anti-inflammatory activity ; blood ; body weight ; colon ; dextran sulfate ; digestive tract ; feces ; flavones ; inflammation ; intestinal microorganisms ; macrophages ; mice ; microbiome ; myeloperoxidase ; nitric oxide ; population growth ; rice bran ; sulfasalazine ; ulcerative colitis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1205240-1
ISSN	1618-095X ; 0944-7113
ISSN (online)	1618-095X
ISSN	0944-7113
DOI	10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153625
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Use of Radiographic Features in COVID-19 Diagnosis: Challenges and Perspectives

Chen, Sin-Guang / Chen, Ju-Yu / Yang, Yi-Ping / Chien, Chian-Shiu / Wang, Mong-Lien / Lin, Liang-Ting

J. Chin. Med. Assoc

Abstract: The rapid surge and wide-spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overshadows the entire medical industries worldwide. The stringent medical resources hinder the diagnostic capacity globally, while 84 thousands of new cases confirmed within a ... ...

Abstract	The rapid surge and wide-spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overshadows the entire medical industries worldwide. The stringent medical resources hinder the diagnostic capacity globally, while 84 thousands of new cases confirmed within a single day of 14 April 2020. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with is the current first-line diagnosis, but the false-negative rate remains concerned. Radiographic technologies and tools, including Computed tomography (CT) and Chest X-ray (CXR), were applied for initial screening and follow-up, from which provides detail diagnosis with specific pathologic features for staging and treatment arrangement. Although the radiographic imaging is found less sensitive, numerous CT-positive patients were not screened out by RT-PCR initially and later confirmed as COVID-19 positive. Besides, the shortage of sampling kits and the longer turn-over time of PCR examinations in some areas were noticed due to logistic issues and healthcare burden. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and the future perspectives of using radiographic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis in view of securing human lives amid the crisis.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32349032
Database	COVID19

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Article: Vascular Tissue Engineering: Advanced Techniques and Gene Editing in Stem Cells for Graft Generation

Chen, Sin-Guang / Ugwu, Felix / Li, Wan-Chun / Caplice, Noel M / Petcu, Eugen / Yip, Shea Ping / Huang, Chien-Ling

Tiss. eng., Part B, Rev

Abstract	The common occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and the lack of proper autologous tissues prompt and promote the pressing development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). Current progress on scaffold production, genetically modified cells, and use of nanotechnology-based monitoring has considerably improved the long-term patency of engineered tissue grafts. However, challenges abound in the autologous materials and manipulation of genes and cells for tissue engineering. This review overviews current development in TEVGs and discusses recent improvements in scaffolding techniques and the efficiency of gene-editing tools and their ability to fill the existing gaps in stem cell and regenerative therapies. Current advances in three-dimensional printing approaches for fabrication of engineered tissues are also reviewed together with specific biomaterials for vascular tissues. In addition, the natural and synthetic polymers that hold increasing significance for vascular tissue engineering are highlighted. Both animal models and nanotechnology-based monitoring are proposed for preclinical evaluation of engineered grafts in view of their historical significance in tissue engineering. The ultimate success of tissue regeneration, which is yet to be fully realized, depends on the optimal performance of culture systems, biomaterial constructs, and stem cells in a suitable artificial physiological environment. Impact statement The main goal of this review is to provide a broadened insight on recent advances in stem cell-based vascular tissue engineering and the development of gene-editing and nanotechnology systems in this field. Moreover, the uses of autologous cells to prepare personalized hydrogels offer promising methods for scaffold fabrication. These new approaches not only improve the efficacy of tissue-engineered vascular grafts, but also offer potential therapeutic options with long-term beneficial effects on patients.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #680814
Database	COVID19

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