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Article ; Online: Measurement and Decomposition of Socioeconomic Inequality in Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the RaNCD Cohort Study in the West of Iran.

Soofi, Moslem / Najafi, Farid / Soltani, Shahin / Karamimatin, Behzad

Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi

2023 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 50–58

Abstract: Objectives: Socioeconomic inequality in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood in Iran. The present study examined the extent of the socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and quantified the contribution of its determinants to explain the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Socioeconomic inequality in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood in Iran. The present study examined the extent of the socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and quantified the contribution of its determinants to explain the observed inequality, with a focus on middle-aged adults in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. A sample of 9975 middle-aged adults aged 35-65 years was analyzed. MetS was assessed based on the International Diabetes Federation definition. Principal component analysis was used to construct socioeconomic status (SES). The Wagstaff normalized concentration index (CIn) was employed to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in MetS. Decomposition analysis was performed to identify and calculate the contribution of the MetS inequality determinants. Results: The proportion of MetS in the sample was 41.1%. The CIn of having MetS was 0.043 (95% confidence interval, 0.020 to 0.066), indicating that MetS was more concentrated among individuals with high SES. The main contributors to the observed inequality in MetS were SES (72.0%), residence (rural or urban, 46.9%), and physical activity (31.5%). Conclusions: Our findings indicated a pro-poor inequality in MetS among Iranian middle-aged adults. These results highlight the importance of persuading middle-aged adults to be physically active, particularly those in an urban setting. In addition to targeting physically inactive individuals and those with low levels of education, policy interventions aimed at mitigating socioeconomic inequality in MetS should increase the focus on high-SES individuals and the urban population.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iran/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2620879-9
ISSN	2233-4521 ; 2233-4521
ISSN (online)	2233-4521
ISSN	2233-4521
DOI	10.3961/jpmph.22.373
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Measurement and Decomposition of Socioeconomic Inequality in Metabolic Syndrome

Moslem Soofi / Farid Najafi / Shahin Soltani / Behzad Karamimatin

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Vol 56, Iss 1, Pp 50-

A Cross-sectional Analysis of the RaNCD Cohort Study in the West of Iran

2023 Volume 58

Abstract: Objectives Socioeconomic inequality in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood in Iran. The present study examined the extent of the socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and quantified the contribution of its determinants to explain the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives Socioeconomic inequality in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood in Iran. The present study examined the extent of the socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and quantified the contribution of its determinants to explain the observed inequality, with a focus on middle-aged adults in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. A sample of 9975 middle-aged adults aged 35-65 years was analyzed. MetS was assessed based on the International Diabetes Federation definition. Principal component analysis was used to construct socioeconomic status (SES). The Wagstaff normalized concentration index (CIn) was employed to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in MetS. Decomposition analysis was performed to identify and calculate the contribution of the MetS inequality determinants. Results The proportion of MetS in the sample was 41.1%. The CIn of having MetS was 0.043 (95% confidence interval, 0.020 to 0.066), indicating that MetS was more concentrated among individuals with high SES. The main contributors to the observed inequality in MetS were SES (72.0%), residence (rural or urban, 46.9%), and physical activity (31.5%). Conclusions Our findings indicated a pro-poor inequality in MetS among Iranian middle-aged adults. These results highlight the importance of persuading middle-aged adults to be physically active, particularly those in an urban setting. In addition to targeting physically inactive individuals and those with low levels of education, policy interventions aimed at mitigating socioeconomic inequality in MetS should increase the focus on high-SES individuals and the urban population.
Keywords	metabolic syndrome ; socioeconomic inequality ; health inequalities ; decomposition analysis ; ravansar non-communicable disease ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of behavioral risk factors in people with HIV/AIDS and its’ effect on adherence to treatment

Moslem Soofi / Atefeh Moradi / Ebrahim Shakiba / Mehdi Moradinazar

HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems, Vol 21, Iss 2, Pp 99-

2022 Volume 108

Keywords	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) ; antiretroviral (arv) ; behavioral risk factors ; adherence to arv ; iran ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Termedia Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine and its associated determinants in Iran.

Soofi, Moslem / Kok, Gerjo / Soltani, Shahin / Kazemi-Karyani, Ali / Najafi, Farid / Karamimatin, Behzad

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1036110

Abstract: Introduction: Understanding the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could help design policy interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Introduction: Understanding the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could help design policy interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 vaccine and to identify its associated determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 526 Iranian adults using a web-based questionnaire. A double-bounded contingent valuation approach was used to estimate WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine. The parameters of the model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. Results: A considerable proportion of participants (90.87%) were willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine. Based on our discrete choice model, the estimated mean WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine was US$ 60.13 (CI: 56.80-63.46; Conclusion: The present study indicates a relatively high WTP and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine among the Iranian population. Average monthly income, risk perception, education level, the preexistence of chronic disease, and previous vaccination experience increased the likelihood of WTP for a vaccine. Subsidizing the COVID-19 vaccine for the low-income population and raising risk perception among the population should be considered in formulating vaccine-related interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Iran ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pandemics
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1036110
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Individual Time Preferences on Smoking Behavior: Insights from Behavioral Economics.

Soofi, Moslem / Akbari Sari, Ali / Najafi, Farid

Iranian journal of public health

2021 Volume 49, Issue 9, Page(s) 1787–1795

Abstract: Background: We aimed to explore the correlation between the time and risk preferences and the smoking behavior of adult population in western Iran.: Methods: Overall, 792 individuals with the age of 35 to 65 yr participating in an ongoing national ... ...

Abstract	Background: We aimed to explore the correlation between the time and risk preferences and the smoking behavior of adult population in western Iran. Methods: Overall, 792 individuals with the age of 35 to 65 yr participating in an ongoing national cohort study (Persian Cohort) were approached to complete a pre-structured questionnaire in 2017. Time preferences were measured using a standard choice-based method. The individuals' discount rates were identified by questions that offered binary monetary choices on immediate future and distant future, by making trade-offs between them. Probit regression model was used to investigate the relationship between time preferences and smoking when controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Results: Time and risk preferences had statistically significant direct correlations with smoking. A unit increase in discount rate was associated with a 4.4% percentage point increase in the likelihood of being smoker. A present-biased individual had 5.7% percentage points lower likelihood of being smoker. Moreover, a unit increase in willingness to take the risk increased the likelihood of being a smoker by 1.5% percentage points. Conclusion: Time and risk preferences are important determinants of smoking behavior. These factors should be considered in designing effective prevention and control programs. Policies that increase the immediate costs of cigarette smoking or the immediate benefits of smoking cessation are likely to have a greater impact on reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-16
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2251-6093 ; 0304-4556
ISSN (online)	2251-6093
ISSN	0304-4556
DOI	10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4100
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Article ; Online: Willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine and its associated determinants in Iran

Moslem Soofi / Gerjo Kok / Shahin Soltani / Ali Kazemi-Karyani / Farid Najafi / Behzad Karamimatin

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: IntroductionUnderstanding the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could help design policy interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	IntroductionUnderstanding the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could help design policy interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 vaccine and to identify its associated determinants.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 526 Iranian adults using a web-based questionnaire. A double-bounded contingent valuation approach was used to estimate WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine. The parameters of the model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method.ResultsA considerable proportion of participants (90.87%) were willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine. Based on our discrete choice model, the estimated mean WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine was US$ 60.13 (CI: 56.80–63.46; p < 0.01). Having a higher perceived risk of being contaminated with COVID-19, higher average monthly income, higher education level, pre-existence of chronic diseases, previous experience of vaccination, and belonging to higher age groups were significant determinants associated with WTP for COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionThe present study indicates a relatively high WTP and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine among the Iranian population. Average monthly income, risk perception, education level, the preexistence of chronic disease, and previous vaccination experience increased the likelihood of WTP for a vaccine. Subsidizing the COVID-19 vaccine for the low-income population and raising risk perception among the population should be considered in formulating vaccine-related interventions.
Keywords	willingness to pay ; COVID-19 vaccine ; contingent valuation method ; Iran ; valuation in health ; vaccine preferences ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	336
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19.

Soofi, Moslem / Najafi, Farid / Karami-Matin, Behzad

Applied health economics and health policy

2020 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 345–350

Abstract: The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. The number of COVID-infected individuals and related deaths continues to rise rapidly. Encouraging people to adopt and sustain preventive ... ...

Abstract	The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. The number of COVID-infected individuals and related deaths continues to rise rapidly. Encouraging people to adopt and sustain preventive behaviors is a central focus of public health policies that seek to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. In this paper, we introduce a number of insights from behavioral economics that help explain why people may behave irrationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior are discussed. We hope this paper will shed light on how insights from behavioral economics can enrich public health policies and interventions in the fight against COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Decision Making ; Economics, Behavioral/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Pandemics/economics ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-09
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171420-4
ISSN	1179-1896 ; 1175-5652
ISSN (online)	1179-1896
ISSN	1175-5652
DOI	10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4
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Article ; Online: Socioeconomic disparities in using rehabilitation services among Iranian adults with disabilities: a decomposition analysis.

Soltani, Shahin / Moghadam, Marzieh Mohammadi / Amani, Shiva / Akbari, Shahram / Shiani, Amir / Soofi, Moslem

BMC health services research

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1449

Abstract: Background: Persons with disabilities (PWD) generally experience various barriers in using health care compared to the general population, and these problems are more worsened for those with disabilities in lower socioeconomic status. The study aimed to ...

Abstract	Background: Persons with disabilities (PWD) generally experience various barriers in using health care compared to the general population, and these problems are more worsened for those with disabilities in lower socioeconomic status. The study aimed to estimate socioeconomic inequality in using rehabilitation services (URS) in adults with disabilities in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a national level in Iran. 786 PWD (aged 18 years and older) participated in the study between September and December 2020. Socioeconomic-related inequality in URS was estimated by the Concentration Index (C). The C was decomposed to identify factors explaining the variability within the socioeconomic inequality in URS. Results: In the present study 8.10% (N = 61) of the study population used rehabilitation services during the past three months. In this study, the value of the C was estimated 0.25 (p-value = 0.025) that shows URS was unequally distributed, and concentrated among the higher SES groups. The results of decomposition analysis indicated that the wealth index was the largest contributor (94.22%) to the observed socioeconomic inequalities in URS among PWD. Following the wealth index, Age and marital status were the major contributors to the unequal distribution of URS among the study population. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that socioeconomic inequality in using rehabilitation services was concentrated among well-off PWD. Accordingly, rehabilitation financing through appropriate mechanisms for individuals with low SES is suggested.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Iran ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disabled Persons ; Health Facilities ; Social Class
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-022-08811-8
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Article ; Online: Decomposing socioeconomic disparity in the utilization of screening mammography: A cross-sectional analysis from the RaNCD cohort study.

Soofi, Moslem / Karami-Matin, Behzad / Najafi, Farid / Naghshbandi, Pegah / Soltani, Shahin

Health care for women international

2022 Volume 44, Issue 9, Page(s) 1092–1105

Abstract: We aimed to examine the degree of socioeconomic inequality in screening mammography among Kurdish women of Iran. Data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) Cohort Study were used. A total of 3,219 women aged 35-65 years were studied. The ... ...

Abstract	We aimed to examine the degree of socioeconomic inequality in screening mammography among Kurdish women of Iran. Data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) Cohort Study were used. A total of 3,219 women aged 35-65 years were studied. The concentration index (CIn) was used to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic-related inequalities in screening mammography. Decomposition analysis was employed to calculate the contribution of each explanatory variable to the observed inequality. The participation rate for screening mammography was 19.7%. The CIn of screening mammography was 0.142 (95% CI: 0.0197, 0.0656), indicating that screening mammography is more concentrated among high-SES women. Socioeconomic status, education level and area of residence were the main contributors to the observed inequality, respectively. We found a pro-rich inequality in screening mammography among Iranian Kurdish women. For mitigating socioeconomic inequality in screening mammography policymakers should focus more on the poor and rural communities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Socioeconomic Disparities in Health ; Iran ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Mammography
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632677-8
ISSN	1096-4665 ; 0739-9332
ISSN (online)	1096-4665
ISSN	0739-9332
DOI	10.1080/07399332.2021.2009833
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Individual Time Preferences on Smoking Behavior

Moslem SOOFI / Ali AKBARI SARI / Farid NAJAFI

Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 49, Iss

Insights from Behavioral Economics

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Background: We aimed to explore the correlation between the time and risk preferences and the smoking behavior of adult population in western Iran. Methods: Overall, 792 individuals with the age of 35 to 65 yr participating in an ongoing national cohort ... ...

Abstract	Background: We aimed to explore the correlation between the time and risk preferences and the smoking behavior of adult population in western Iran. Methods: Overall, 792 individuals with the age of 35 to 65 yr participating in an ongoing national cohort study (Persian Cohort) were approached to complete a pre-structured questionnaire in 2017. Time preferences were measured using a standard choice-based method. The individuals' discount rates were identified by questions that offered binary monetary choices on immediate future and distant future, by making trade-offs between them. Probit regression model was used to investigate the relationship between time preferences and smoking when controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Results: Time and risk preferences had statistically significant direct correlations with smoking. A unit increase in discount rate was associated with a 4.4% percentage point increase in the likelihood of being smoker. A present-biased individual had 5.7% percentage points lower likelihood of being smoker. Moreover, a unit increase in willingness to take the risk increased the likelihood of being a smoker by 1.5% percentage points. Conclusion: Time and risk preferences are important determinants of smoking behavior. These factors should be considered in designing effective prevention and control programs. Policies that increase the immediate costs of cigarette smoking or the immediate benefits of smoking cessation are likely to have a greater impact on reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking.
Keywords	Smoking ; Time preferences ; Discount rate ; Present bias ; Behavioral economics ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	336
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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