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  1. Article ; Online: Author Correction: The social relevance and the temporal constraints of motor resonance in humans.

    Guidali, Giacomo / Picardi, Michela / Franca, Maria / Caronni, Antonio / Bolognini, Nadia

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 10403

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-61228-7
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  2. Article ; Online: The emergence of the multisensory brain: From the womb to the first steps.

    Nava, Elena / Giraud, Michelle / Bolognini, Nadia

    iScience

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 108758

    Abstract: The becoming of the human being is a multisensory process that starts in the womb. By integrating spontaneous neuronal activity with inputs from the external world, the developing brain learns to make sense of itself through multiple sensory experiences. ...

    Abstract The becoming of the human being is a multisensory process that starts in the womb. By integrating spontaneous neuronal activity with inputs from the external world, the developing brain learns to make sense of itself through multiple sensory experiences. Over the past ten years, advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have allowed the exploration of the neural correlates of multisensory processing in the newborn and infant brain, thus adding an important piece of information to behavioral evidence of early sensitivity to multisensory events. Here, we review recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings to document the origins and early development of multisensory processing, particularly showing that the human brain appears naturally tuned to multisensory events at birth, which requires multisensory experience to fully mature. We conclude the review by highlighting the potential uses and benefits of multisensory interventions in promoting healthy development by discussing emerging studies in preterm infants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108758
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  3. Article ; Online: Seeing emotions in the eyes: a validated test to study individual differences in the perception of basic emotions.

    Franca, Maria / Bolognini, Nadia / Brysbaert, Marc

    Cognitive research: principles and implications

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 67

    Abstract: People are able to perceive emotions in the eyes of others and can therefore see emotions when individuals wear face masks. Research has been hampered by the lack of a good test to measure basic emotions in the eyes. In two studies respectively with 358 ... ...

    Abstract People are able to perceive emotions in the eyes of others and can therefore see emotions when individuals wear face masks. Research has been hampered by the lack of a good test to measure basic emotions in the eyes. In two studies respectively with 358 and 200 participants, we developed a test to see anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise in images of eyes. Each emotion is measured with 8 stimuli (4 male actors and 4 female actors), matched in terms of difficulty and item discrimination. Participants reliably differed in their performance on the Seeing Emotions in the Eyes test (SEE-48). The test correlated well not only with Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) but also with the Situational Test of Emotion Understanding (STEU), indicating that the SEE-48 not only measures low-level perceptual skills but also broader skills of emotion perception and emotional intelligence. The test is freely available for research and clinical purposes.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Individuality ; Emotions ; Fear/psychology ; Anger ; Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2365-7464
    ISSN (online) 2365-7464
    DOI 10.1186/s41235-023-00521-x
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  4. Article ; Online: Modulating motor resonance with paired associativestimulation: Neurophysiological and behavioral outcomes.

    Guidali, Giacomo / Picardi, Michela / Gramegna, Chiara / Bolognini, Nadia

    Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

    2023  Volume 163, Page(s) 139–153

    Abstract: In the human brain, paired associative stimulation (PAS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique based on Hebbian learning principles, can be used to model motor resonance, the inner activation of an observer's motor system by action observation. ... ...

    Abstract In the human brain, paired associative stimulation (PAS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique based on Hebbian learning principles, can be used to model motor resonance, the inner activation of an observer's motor system by action observation. Indeed, the newly developed mirror PAS (m-PAS) protocol, through the repeatedly pairing of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses over the primary motor cortex (M1) and visual stimuli depicting index-finger movements, allows the emergence of a new, atypical pattern of cortico-spinal excitability. In the present study, we performed two experiments to explore (a) the debated hemispheric lateralization of the action-observation network and (b) the behavioral after-effects of m-PAS, particularly concerning a core function of the MNS: automatic imitation. In Experiment 1, healthy participants underwent two sessions of m-PAS, delivered over the right and left M1. Before and after each m-PAS session, motor resonance was assessed by recording motor-evoked potentials induced by single-pulse TMS applied to the right M1 while observing contralateral (left) and ipsilateral (right) index-finger movements or static hands. In Experiment 2, participants performed an imitative compatibility task before and after the m-PAS targeting the right M1. Results showed that only m-PAS targeting the right hemisphere, non-dominant in right-handed people, induced the emergence of motor resonance for the conditioned movement, absent before the stimulation. This effect is not present when m-PAS target the M1 of the left hemisphere. Importantly, the protocol also affects behavior, modulating automatic imitation in a strictly somatotopic fashion (i.e., influencing the imitation of the conditioned finger movement). Overall, this evidence shows that the m-PAS can be used to drive new associations between the perception of actions and their corresponding motor programs, measurable both at a neurophysiological and behavioral level. At least for simple, not goal-directed, movements, the induction of motor resonance and automatic imitation effects are governed by mototopic and somatotopic rules.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Learning ; Hand ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Electromyography/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-04
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280622-8
    ISSN 1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
    ISSN (online) 1973-8102
    ISSN 0010-9452
    DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.006
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  5. Article ; Online: Can you please find my upper limb? Somatoparaphrenia without personal neglect: a new case report.

    Mancuso, Mauro / Basagni, Benedetta / Bolognini, Nadia / Vallar, Giuseppe / Damora, Alessio

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 11, Page(s) 4135–4137

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-023-06963-x
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    Zs.A 1877: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Minimal detectable change of gait and balance measures in older neurological patients: estimating the standard error of the measurement from before-after rehabilitation data thanks to the linear mixed-effects models.

    Caronni, Antonio / Picardi, Michela / Scarano, Stefano / Rota, Viviana / Guidali, Giacomo / Bolognini, Nadia / Corbo, Massimo

    Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 44

    Abstract: Background: Tracking gait and balance impairment in time is paramount in the care of older neurological patients. The Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), built upon the Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM), is the smallest modification of a measure ... ...

    Abstract Background: Tracking gait and balance impairment in time is paramount in the care of older neurological patients. The Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), built upon the Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM), is the smallest modification of a measure exceeding the measurement error. Here, a novel method based on linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) is applied to estimate the standard error of the measurement from data collected before and after rehabilitation and calculate the MDC of gait and balance measures.
    Methods: One hundred nine older adults with a gait impairment due to neurological disease (66 stroke patients) completed two assessment sessions before and after inpatient rehabilitation. In each session, two trials of the 10-meter walking test and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, instrumented with inertial sensors, have been collected. The 95% MDC was calculated for the gait speed, TUG test duration (TTD) and other measures from the TUG test, including the angular velocity peak (ω
    Results: The MDC of gait speed was 0.13 m/s. The TTD MDC, ln-transformed and then expressed as a percentage of the baseline value to meet LMMs' assumptions, was 15%, i.e. TTD should be < 85% of the baseline value to conclude the patient's improvement. ω
    Conclusions: LMMs allowed calculating the MDC of gait and balance measures even if the test-retest steady-state assumption did not hold. The MDC of gait speed, TTD and ω
    Trial registration: NA.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Walking ; Gait ; Walking Speed ; Nervous System Diseases ; Stroke/complications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Postural Balance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2164377-5
    ISSN 1743-0003 ; 1743-0003
    ISSN (online) 1743-0003
    ISSN 1743-0003
    DOI 10.1186/s12984-024-01339-4
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  7. Article: The effects of occipital and parietal tDCS on chronic visual field defects after brain injury.

    Diana, Lorenzo / Casati, Carlotta / Melzi, Lisa / Bianchi Marzoli, Stefania / Bolognini, Nadia

    Frontiers in neurology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1340365

    Abstract: Introduction: Homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) following acquired brain lesions affect independent living by hampering several activities of everyday life. Available treatments are intensive and week- or month-long. Transcranial Direct current ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) following acquired brain lesions affect independent living by hampering several activities of everyday life. Available treatments are intensive and week- or month-long. Transcranial Direct current stimulation (tDCS), a plasticity-modulating non-invasive brain stimulation technique, could be combined with behavioral trainings to boost their efficacy or reduce treatment duration. Some promising attempts have been made pairing occipital tDCS with visual restitution training, however less is knows about which area/network should be best stimulated in association with compensatory approaches, aimed at improving exploratory abilities, such as multisensory trainings.
    Methods: In a proof-of-principle, sham-controlled, single-blind study, 15 participants with chronic HVFDs underwent four one-shot sessions of active or sham anodal tDCS applied over the ipsilesional occipital cortex, the ipsilesional or contralesional posterior parietal cortex. tDCS was delivered during a compensatory multisensory (audiovisual) training. Before and immediately after each tDCS session, participants carried out a visual detection task, and two visual search tasks (EF and Triangles search tests). Accuracy (ACC) and response times (RTs) were analyzed with generalized mixed models. We investigated differences in baseline performance, clinical-demographic and lesion factors between tDCS responders and non-responders, based on post-tDCS behavioral improvements. Lastly, we conducted exploratory analyses to compare left and right brain-damaged participants.
    Results: RTs improved after active ipsilesional occipital and parietal tDCS in the visual search tasks, while no changes in ACC were detected. Responders to ipsilesional occipital tDCS (Triangle task) had shorter disease duration and smaller lesions of the parietal cortex and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. On the other end, on the EF test, those participants with larger damage of the temporo-parietal cortex or the fronto-occipital white matter tracts showed a larger benefit from contralesional parietal tDCS. Overall, the visual search RTs improvements were larger in participants with right-sided hemispheric lesions.
    Conclusion: The present result shows the facilitatory effects of occipital and parietal tDCS combined with compensatory multisensory training on visual field exploration in HVFDs, suggesting a potential for the development of new neuromodulation treatments to improve visual scanning behavior in brain-injured patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2024.1340365
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  8. Article ; Online: The social relevance and the temporal constraints of motor resonance in humans.

    Guidali, Giacomo / Picardi, Michela / Franca, Maria / Caronni, Antonio / Bolognini, Nadia

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 15933

    Abstract: In humans, motor resonance effects can be tracked by measuring the enhancement of corticospinal excitability by action observation. Uncovering factors driving motor resonance is crucial for optimizing action observation paradigms in experimental and ... ...

    Abstract In humans, motor resonance effects can be tracked by measuring the enhancement of corticospinal excitability by action observation. Uncovering factors driving motor resonance is crucial for optimizing action observation paradigms in experimental and clinical settings. In the present study, we deepen motor resonance properties for grasping movements. Thirty-five healthy subjects underwent an action observation task presenting right-hand grasping movements differing from their action goal. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex at 100, 200, or 300 ms from the onset of the visual stimulus depicting the action. Motor-evoked potentials were recorded from four muscles of the right hand and forearm. Results show a muscle-specific motor resonance effect at 200 ms after movement but selectively for observing a socially relevant grasp towards another human being. This effect correlates with observers' emotional empathy scores, and it was followed by inhibition of motor resonance at 300 ms post-stimulus onset. No motor resonance facilitation emerged while observing intransitive hand movement or object grasping. This evidence highlights the social side of motor resonance and its dependency on temporal factors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hand ; Movement ; Upper Extremity ; Empathy ; Evoked Potentials, Motor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-43227-2
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  9. Article ; Online: Enhanced mind-matter interactions? A commentary on Freedman et al., 2024.

    Pisoni, Alberto / Arrigoni, Eleonora / Bolognini, Nadia / Guidali, Giacomo / Romero Lauro, Leonor J / Vergallito, Alessandra

    Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

    2023  Volume 172, Page(s) 245–248

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280622-8
    ISSN 1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
    ISSN (online) 1973-8102
    ISSN 0010-9452
    DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.003
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  10. Article: Modulating Frontal Networks' Timing-Dependent-Like Plasticity With

    Guidali, Giacomo / Roncoroni, Camilla / Bolognini, Nadia

    Frontiers in human neuroscience

    2021  Volume 15, Page(s) 658723

    Abstract: Starting from the early 2000s, ...

    Abstract Starting from the early 2000s,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2425477-0
    ISSN 1662-5161
    ISSN 1662-5161
    DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2021.658723
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