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Article ; Online: Data Sharing Enters a New Era.

Bauchner, Howard / McDermott, Mary M / Butte, Atul J

2023 Volume 176, Issue 3, Page(s) 400–401

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Information Storage and Retrieval
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/M22-3479
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Ua VI Zs.178/2: Show issues

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Article ; Online: MT-RNR1 Genotype Should Not Affect Childhood Vaccination-Unintended Consequences of Guidelines.

McDermott, John H / Wolf, Joshua / Newman, William G

JAMA pediatrics

2023 Volume 177, Issue 11, Page(s) 1119–1120

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Vaccination ; Mutation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701223-2
ISSN	2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
ISSN (online)	2168-6211
ISSN	2168-6203
DOI	10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3263
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Um IV Zs.74: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Relative pitch representations and invariance to timbre.

McPherson, Malinda J / McDermott, Josh H

Cognition

2022 Volume 232, Page(s) 105327

Abstract: Information in speech and music is often conveyed through changes in fundamental frequency (f0), perceived by humans as "relative pitch". Relative pitch judgments are complicated by two facts. First, sounds can simultaneously vary in timbre due to ... ...

Abstract	Information in speech and music is often conveyed through changes in fundamental frequency (f0), perceived by humans as "relative pitch". Relative pitch judgments are complicated by two facts. First, sounds can simultaneously vary in timbre due to filtering imposed by a vocal tract or instrument body. Second, relative pitch can be extracted in two ways: by measuring changes in constituent frequency components from one sound to another, or by estimating the f0 of each sound and comparing the estimates. We examined the effects of timbral differences on relative pitch judgments, and whether any invariance to timbre depends on whether judgments are based on constituent frequencies or their f0. Listeners performed up/down and interval discrimination tasks with pairs of spoken vowels, instrument notes, or synthetic tones, synthesized to be either harmonic or inharmonic. Inharmonic sounds lack a well-defined f0, such that relative pitch must be extracted from changes in individual frequencies. Pitch judgments were less accurate when vowels/instruments were different compared to when they were the same, and were biased by the associated timbre differences. However, this bias was similar for harmonic and inharmonic sounds, and was observed even in conditions where judgments of harmonic sounds were based on f0 representations. Relative pitch judgments are thus not invariant to timbre, even when timbral variation is naturalistic, and when such judgments are based on representations of f0.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pitch Perception ; Music ; Pitch Discrimination ; Acoustic Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1499940-7
ISSN	1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
ISSN (online)	1873-7838
ISSN	0010-0277
DOI	10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105327
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Article ; Online: Sports drinks do not increase acute kidney injury risk in males during industrial work in the heat when euhydration is maintained, a randomized crossover trial.

Atkins, Whitley C / McKenna, Zachary J / McDermott, Brendon P

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme

2024

Abstract: ... in the heat. Twenty males completed two matched 2 h simulated industrial work trial visits in a warm and humid ... collected pre-, post-, and 16 h post-work were assayed for markers of hydration (plasma/urine osmolality ...

Abstract	Industrial workers regularly perform physical labor under high heat stress, which may place them at risk for dehydration and acute kidney injury. Current guidelines recommend that workers should consume sports drinks to maintain euhydration during work shifts. However, the impact of fructose sweetened sports drinks on acute kidney injury risk is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sports drink consumption on markers of acute kidney injury following simulated industrial work in the heat. Twenty males completed two matched 2 h simulated industrial work trial visits in a warm and humid environment (30 °C and 55% relative humidity). During and following the bout of simulated work, participants consumed either a commercially available sports drink or a noncaloric placebo. Urine and blood samples, collected pre-, post-, and 16 h post-work were assayed for markers of hydration (plasma/urine osmolality, and urine specific gravity) and acute kidney injury (KIM-1 and NGAL). There were no differences in physiological or perceptual responses to the bout of work (interaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2236708-1
ISSN	1715-5320 ; 1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
ISSN	1715-5312
DOI	10.1139/apnm-2023-0393
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Zs.A 1717: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Farmers Views on the Implementation of On-Farm Emergency Slaughter for the Management of Acutely Injured Cattle in Ireland

McDermott, Paul / McKevitt, Aideen / Santos, Flavia H. / Hanlon, Alison J.

Animals. 2023 Jan. 28, v. 13, no. 3

2023

Abstract: Four management options for acutely injured cattle in Ireland exist: treatment, unless cattle are severely injured; on-farm emergency slaughter (OFES); casualty slaughter (CS) if the animal is certified fit for transport; or euthanasia. OFES is designed ... ...

Abstract	Four management options for acutely injured cattle in Ireland exist: treatment, unless cattle are severely injured; on-farm emergency slaughter (OFES); casualty slaughter (CS) if the animal is certified fit for transport; or euthanasia. OFES is designed to prevent transport of welfare-compromised cattle. An online survey of farmers in Ireland was carried out between April and July 2021 and focused on events during 2020. A theoretical framework of capacity, willingness, and opportunity was used to explore farmers’ perceptions. Responses from 94 farmers (49 dairy and 45 beef) were analysed; not all respondents answered all questions. Respondents indicated that the incidence of acutely injured cattle in Ireland is low. A majority reported not having an acutely injured animal for greater than 36 months. Most respondents had a positive attitude towards OFES for animal welfare reasons and were aware of relevant regulations and guidelines. Barriers to OFES included a lack of availability of OFES, and dairy farmers indicated that it had a similar financial impact as euthanasia. A parallel study with veterinarians indicated a higher incidence of acutely injured cattle in Ireland; the current results may be due to the demographic or the sensitivity of the topic. Nationwide electronic data capture on the cause of mortality could support improvements in the management of acutely injured cattle and enable surveillance of the proportion of these cattle undergoing OFES, euthanasia, or CS.
Keywords	animal injuries ; beef ; cattle ; economic impact ; euthanasia ; monitoring ; mortality ; slaughter ; surveys ; Ireland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0128
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13030450
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Deletion of the Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 1 (Sglt-1) impairs mouse sperm movement.

Numata, September / Oishee, Mumtarin Jannat / McDermott, Jeffrey / Koepsell, Hermann / Vallon, Volker / Blanco, Gustavo

Molecular reproduction and development

2024 Volume 91, Issue 1, Page(s) e23723

Abstract: The Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Isoform 1 (Sglt-1) is a symporter that moves ... ...

Abstract	The Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Isoform 1 (Sglt-1) is a symporter that moves Na
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Glucose/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Semen/metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/genetics ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/metabolism ; Sperm Capacitation/physiology ; Sperm Motility/physiology ; Spermatozoa/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 ; Slc5a1 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	20321-x
ISSN	1098-2795 ; 1040-452X
ISSN (online)	1098-2795
ISSN	1040-452X
DOI	10.1002/mrd.23723
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Zs.A 2759: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Many but not all deep neural network audio models capture brain responses and exhibit correspondence between model stages and brain regions.

Tuckute, Greta / Feather, Jenelle / Boebinger, Dana / McDermott, Josh H

PLoS biology

2023 Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) e3002366

Abstract: Models that predict brain responses to stimuli provide one measure of understanding of a sensory system and have many potential applications in science and engineering. Deep artificial neural networks have emerged as the leading such predictive models of ...

Abstract	Models that predict brain responses to stimuli provide one measure of understanding of a sensory system and have many potential applications in science and engineering. Deep artificial neural networks have emerged as the leading such predictive models of the visual system but are less explored in audition. Prior work provided examples of audio-trained neural networks that produced good predictions of auditory cortical fMRI responses and exhibited correspondence between model stages and brain regions, but left it unclear whether these results generalize to other neural network models and, thus, how to further improve models in this domain. We evaluated model-brain correspondence for publicly available audio neural network models along with in-house models trained on 4 different tasks. Most tested models outpredicted standard spectromporal filter-bank models of auditory cortex and exhibited systematic model-brain correspondence: Middle stages best predicted primary auditory cortex, while deep stages best predicted non-primary cortex. However, some state-of-the-art models produced substantially worse brain predictions. Models trained to recognize speech in background noise produced better brain predictions than models trained to recognize speech in quiet, potentially because hearing in noise imposes constraints on biological auditory representations. The training task influenced the prediction quality for specific cortical tuning properties, with best overall predictions resulting from models trained on multiple tasks. The results generally support the promise of deep neural networks as models of audition, though they also indicate that current models do not explain auditory cortical responses in their entirety.
MeSH term(s)	Neural Networks, Computer ; Brain ; Hearing ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Noise ; Auditory Cortex/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2126776-5
ISSN	1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
ISSN (online)	1545-7885
ISSN	1544-9173
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.3002366
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Zs.A 6193: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Model metamers reveal divergent invariances between biological and artificial neural networks.

Feather, Jenelle / Leclerc, Guillaume / Mądry, Aleksander / McDermott, Josh H

Nature neuroscience

2023 Volume 26, Issue 11, Page(s) 2017–2034

Abstract: Deep neural network models of sensory systems are often proposed to learn representational transformations with invariances like those in the brain. To reveal these invariances, we generated 'model metamers', stimuli whose activations within a model ... ...

Abstract	Deep neural network models of sensory systems are often proposed to learn representational transformations with invariances like those in the brain. To reveal these invariances, we generated 'model metamers', stimuli whose activations within a model stage are matched to those of a natural stimulus. Metamers for state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised neural network models of vision and audition were often completely unrecognizable to humans when generated from late model stages, suggesting differences between model and human invariances. Targeted model changes improved human recognizability of model metamers but did not eliminate the overall human-model discrepancy. The human recognizability of a model's metamers was well predicted by their recognizability by other models, suggesting that models contain idiosyncratic invariances in addition to those required by the task. Metamer recognizability dissociated from both traditional brain-based benchmarks and adversarial vulnerability, revealing a distinct failure mode of existing sensory models and providing a complementary benchmark for model assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Learning ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1420596-8
ISSN	1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
ISSN (online)	1546-1726
ISSN	1097-6256
DOI	10.1038/s41593-023-01442-0
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Zs.A 4891: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 67: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Harmonicity aids hearing in noise.

McPherson, Malinda J / Grace, River C / McDermott, Josh H

Attention, perception & psychophysics

2022 Volume 84, Issue 3, Page(s) 1016–1042

Abstract: Hearing in noise is a core problem in audition, and a challenge for hearing-impaired listeners, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We explored whether harmonic frequency relations, a signature property of many communication sounds, aid ... ...

Abstract	Hearing in noise is a core problem in audition, and a challenge for hearing-impaired listeners, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We explored whether harmonic frequency relations, a signature property of many communication sounds, aid hearing in noise for normal hearing listeners. We measured detection thresholds in noise for tones and speech synthesized to have harmonic or inharmonic spectra. Harmonic signals were consistently easier to detect than otherwise identical inharmonic signals. Harmonicity also improved discrimination of sounds in noise. The largest benefits were observed for two-note up-down "pitch" discrimination and melodic contour discrimination, both of which could be performed equally well with harmonic and inharmonic tones in quiet, but which showed large harmonic advantages in noise. The results show that harmonicity facilitates hearing in noise, plausibly by providing a noise-robust pitch cue that aids detection and discrimination.
MeSH term(s)	Auditory Perception ; Auditory Threshold ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Noise ; Pitch Discrimination ; Speech Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2464550-3
ISSN	1943-393X ; 1943-3921
ISSN (online)	1943-393X
ISSN	1943-3921
DOI	10.3758/s13414-021-02376-0
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Article: Farmers Views on the Implementation of On-Farm Emergency Slaughter for the Management of Acutely Injured Cattle in Ireland.

McDermott, Paul / McKevitt, Aideen / Santos, Flavia H / Hanlon, Alison J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract	Four management options for acutely injured cattle in Ireland exist: treatment, unless cattle are severely injured; on-farm emergency slaughter (OFES); casualty slaughter (CS) if the animal is certified fit for transport; or euthanasia. OFES is designed to prevent transport of welfare-compromised cattle. An online survey of farmers in Ireland was carried out between April and July 2021 and focused on events during 2020. A theoretical framework of capacity, willingness, and opportunity was used to explore farmers' perceptions. Responses from 94 farmers (49 dairy and 45 beef) were analysed; not all respondents answered all questions. Respondents indicated that the incidence of acutely injured cattle in Ireland is low. A majority reported not having an acutely injured animal for greater than 36 months. Most respondents had a positive attitude towards OFES for animal welfare reasons and were aware of relevant regulations and guidelines. Barriers to OFES included a lack of availability of OFES, and dairy farmers indicated that it had a similar financial impact as euthanasia. A parallel study with veterinarians indicated a higher incidence of acutely injured cattle in Ireland; the current results may be due to the demographic or the sensitivity of the topic. Nationwide electronic data capture on the cause of mortality could support improvements in the management of acutely injured cattle and enable surveillance of the proportion of these cattle undergoing OFES, euthanasia, or CS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13030450
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