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Article ; Online: Predictive keywords: Using machine learning to explain document characteristics.

Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Laippala, Veronika

Frontiers in artificial intelligence

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 975729

Abstract: When exploring the characteristics of a discourse domain associated with texts, keyword analysis is widely used in corpus linguistics. However, one of the challenges facing this method is the evaluation of the quality of the keywords. Here, we propose ... ...

Abstract	When exploring the characteristics of a discourse domain associated with texts, keyword analysis is widely used in corpus linguistics. However, one of the challenges facing this method is the evaluation of the quality of the keywords. Here, we propose casting keyword analysis as a prediction problem with the goal of discriminating the texts associated with the target corpus from the reference corpus. We demonstrate that, when using linear support vector machines, this approach can be used not only to quantify the discrimination between the two corpora, but also extract keywords. To evaluate the keywords, we develop a systematic and rigorous approach anchored to the concepts of usefulness and relevance used in machine learning. The extracted keywords are compared with the recently proposed text dispersion keyness measure. We demonstrate that that our approach extracts keywords that are highly useful and linguistically relevant, capturing the characteristics of their discourse domain.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-8212
ISSN (online)	2624-8212
DOI	10.3389/frai.2022.975729
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Emotional State of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from the Cognitive and Social Well-Being (CoSoWELL) Corpus.

Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Kuperman, Victor

Experimental aging research

2023 , Page(s) 1–24

Abstract: Objectives: In view of the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists face a challenge to document the pandemic-related change in emotional well-being of individuals and groups and evaluate the emotional response to this fallout over time.: ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: In view of the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists face a challenge to document the pandemic-related change in emotional well-being of individuals and groups and evaluate the emotional response to this fallout over time. Methodsp: We contribute to this goal by analyzing the new CoSoWELL corpus (version 2.0), an 1.8 million-word collection of narratives written by over 1,300 older adults (55+ y.o.) in eight sessions before, during and after the global lockdown. In the narratives, we examined a range of linguistic variables traditionally associated with emotional well-being and observed signs of distress, i.e., lower positivity and heightened levels of fear, anger, and disgust. Results: In most variables, we observed a characteristic timeline of change, i.e., a delayed (by 4 months) and abrupt drop in optimism and increase in negative emotions that reached its peak about 7 months after the lockdown and returned to pre-pandemic levels one year after. Our examination of risk factors showed that higher levels of self-reported loneliness came with elevated levels of negative emotions but did not change the timeline of emotional response to the pandemic. Conclusions: We discuss implications of the findings for theories of emotion regulation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	753202-7
ISSN	1096-4657 ; 0361-073X
ISSN (online)	1096-4657
ISSN	0361-073X
DOI	10.1080/0361073X.2023.2219188
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Article ; Online: Increase in Linguistic Complexity in Older Adults During COVID-19.

Karabin, Megan / Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Kuperman, Victor

Experimental aging research

2023 Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 312–330

Abstract: The reported psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures included a decline in cognitive functioning in older adults. Cognitive functioning is known to correlate with the lexical and syntactic complexity of an ... ...

Abstract	The reported psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures included a decline in cognitive functioning in older adults. Cognitive functioning is known to correlate with the lexical and syntactic complexity of an individual's linguistic productions. We examined written narratives from the CoSoWELL corpus (v 1.0), collected from over 1,000 U.S. and Canadian older adults (55+ y.o.) before and during the first year of the pandemic. We expected a decrease in the linguistic complexity of the narratives, given the oft-reported reduction in cognitive functioning associated with COVID-19. Contrary to this expectation, all measures of linguistic complexity showed a steady
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; COVID-19 ; Canada ; Communicable Disease Control ; Pandemics ; Aging ; Linguistics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	753202-7
ISSN	1096-4657 ; 0361-073X
ISSN (online)	1096-4657
ISSN	0361-073X
DOI	10.1080/0361073X.2022.2163831
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Article: The Effect of Loneliness on Cognitive Functioning Among Healthy Individuals in Mid- and Late-Adulthood: Evidence From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Kuperman, Victor

Frontiers in psychology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 701305

Abstract: There is a consensus that loneliness correlates with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and rapid cognitive decline. However, it has yet to be determined how loneliness influences cognitively healthy aging. This study makes use of the large, ... ...

Abstract	There is a consensus that loneliness correlates with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and rapid cognitive decline. However, it has yet to be determined how loneliness influences cognitively healthy aging. This study makes use of the large, nationally representative Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) to address this question. Based on the baseline and first follow-up datasets collected 3 years apart (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701305
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Article ; Online: Predictors of literacy in adulthood

Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen / Victor Kuperman

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e

Evidence from 33 countries.

2021 Volume 0243763

Abstract: What makes a literate person? What leads to literacy gains and losses within and between individuals and countries? This paper provides new evidence that helps answer these questions. The present comparative analysis of literacy is based on large ... ...

Abstract	What makes a literate person? What leads to literacy gains and losses within and between individuals and countries? This paper provides new evidence that helps answer these questions. The present comparative analysis of literacy is based on large representative samples from the Survey of Adult Skills conducted in 33 countries, with 25-65 year old participants. We provide, for the first time, estimates of relative importance for a comprehensive set of experiential factors, motivations, incentives, parental influence, demands of workplace, and other predictors of influence. We sketch a configuration of factors that predicts an "ideal" reader, i.e., the optimal literacy performance. Moreover, we discover a pivotal role of the age effect in predicting variability between countries. Countries with the highest literacy scores are the ones where literacy decreases with age the most strongly. We discuss this finding against current accounts of aging effects, cohort effects and others. Finally, we provide methodological recommendations for experimental studies of aging in cognitive tasks like reading.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	302
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Predictors of literacy in adulthood: Evidence from 33 countries.

Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Kuperman, Victor

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e0243763

Abstract	What makes a literate person? What leads to literacy gains and losses within and between individuals and countries? This paper provides new evidence that helps answer these questions. The present comparative analysis of literacy is based on large representative samples from the Survey of Adult Skills conducted in 33 countries, with 25-65 year old participants. We provide, for the first time, estimates of relative importance for a comprehensive set of experiential factors, motivations, incentives, parental influence, demands of workplace, and other predictors of influence. We sketch a configuration of factors that predicts an "ideal" reader, i.e., the optimal literacy performance. Moreover, we discover a pivotal role of the age effect in predicting variability between countries. Countries with the highest literacy scores are the ones where literacy decreases with age the most strongly. We discuss this finding against current accounts of aging effects, cohort effects and others. Finally, we provide methodological recommendations for experimental studies of aging in cognitive tasks like reading.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Literacy ; Mathematical Computing ; Middle Aged ; Reading
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0243763
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How representative are student convenience samples? A study of literacy and numeracy skills in 32 countries.

Wild, Heather / Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Kuperman, Victor

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0271191

Abstract: Psychological research, including research into adult reading, is frequently based on convenience samples of undergraduate students. This practice raises concerns about the external validity of many accepted findings. The present study seeks to determine ...

Abstract	Psychological research, including research into adult reading, is frequently based on convenience samples of undergraduate students. This practice raises concerns about the external validity of many accepted findings. The present study seeks to determine how strong this student sampling bias is in literacy and numeracy research. We use the nationally representative cross-national data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to quantify skill differences between (i) students and the general population aged 16-65, and (ii) students and age-matched non-students aged 16-25. The median effect size for the comparison (i) of literacy scores across 32 countries was d = .56, and for comparison (ii) d = .55, which exceeds the average effect size in psychological experiments (d = .40). Numeracy comparisons (i) and (ii) showed similarly strong differences. The observed differences indicate that undergraduate students are not representative of the general population nor age-matched non-students.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Literacy ; Reading ; Research Design ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0271191
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influencing the time and space of lexical competition: The effect of gradient foreign accentedness.

Porretta, Vincent / Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

2019 Volume 45, Issue 10, Page(s) 1832–1851

Abstract: This article examines the influence of gradient foreign accentedness on lexical competition during spoken word recognition. Using native and Mandarin-accented English words ranging in degree of foreign accentedness, we investigate the effect of increased ...

Abstract	This article examines the influence of gradient foreign accentedness on lexical competition during spoken word recognition. Using native and Mandarin-accented English words ranging in degree of foreign accentedness, we investigate the effect of increased accentedness on (a) the size of the competitor space and (b) the strength and duration of competitor activation. Here, we analyze the number of misperceptions in a transcription task, as well as the time course of competitor activation in a Visual World Paradigm eye-tracking task. The transcription data show that as accentedness increases, the number of unique misperceptions increases. This indicates that greater accent strength induces the activation of many additional competitors within the competition space relative to native speech. The eye-tracking data further show that, as accentedness increases, looks to competitors (not produced in the transcription task) increase both in likelihood and duration. This indicates that greater accentedness boosts the strength of competitor activation as well as the duration of the competition process, even when comprehension is ultimately successful, suggesting strong and diffuse competition within the lexicon. The results provide evidence of changes in the underlying dynamics, which lead to the pervasive processing costs associated with foreign-accented speech that are commonly observed in behavioral data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Eye Movement Measurements ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multilingualism ; Psycholinguistics ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Recognition, Psychology/physiology ; Speech Intelligibility/physiology ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	627313-0
ISSN	1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
ISSN (online)	1939-1285
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000674
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Article: Exploring the role of lexis and grammar for the stable identification of register in an unrestricted corpus of web documents.

Laippala, Veronika / Egbert, Jesse / Biber, Douglas / Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani

Language resources and evaluation

2021 Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 757–788

Abstract: The Internet offers great possibilities for many scientific disciplines that utilize text data. However, the potential of online data can be limited by the lack of information on the genre ... ...

Abstract	The Internet offers great possibilities for many scientific disciplines that utilize text data. However, the potential of online data can be limited by the lack of information on the genre or
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2195235-8
ISSN	1574-0218 ; 1574-020X
ISSN (online)	1574-0218
ISSN	1574-020X
DOI	10.1007/s10579-020-09519-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Personhood and aging: Exploring the written narratives of older adults as articulations of personhood in later life.

Jaggers, Kaitlyn / Gillett, James / Kuperman, Victor / Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani / Sonnadara, Ranil

Journal of aging studies

2022 Volume 62, Page(s) 101040

Abstract: Personhood is a complex concept in gerontological research. It is often used to explore the maintenance or reconstruction of self-identity. Narrative analysis has commonly explored how the stories that older individuals living with cognitive impairment(s) ...

Abstract	Personhood is a complex concept in gerontological research. It is often used to explore the maintenance or reconstruction of self-identity. Narrative analysis has commonly explored how the stories that older individuals living with cognitive impairment(s) produce preserve the personhood that is perceived to be threatened by cognitive decline. This article moves beyond this exploration by focusing on the experiences of aging more generally to better understand how non-cognitively impaired older adults construct personhood through narrative writing. This article uses thematic narrative analysis and argues that older adults articulate personhood through written narratives by creating coherent constructions of self. Importantly, it demonstrates that older adults are concerned with maintaining a sense of self rather than embracing changed aspects of identity in accordance with popularized conceptualizations of personhood as well as ideals of coherence and consistency promoted in successful and active aging discourses.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/psychology ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Narration ; Personhood ; Writing
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006012-9
ISSN	1879-193X ; 0890-4065
ISSN (online)	1879-193X
ISSN	0890-4065
DOI	10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101040
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