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Article ; Online: Current View on How Human Gut Microbiota Mediate Metabolic and Pharmacological Activity of Panax ginseng. A Scoping Review.

Montagnani, Monica / Potenza, Maria Assunta / Corsalini, Massimo / Barile, Giuseppe / Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros / de Giacomo, Andrea / Jirillo, Emilio / Colella, Marica / Santacroce, Luigi

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets

2024

Abstract: Panax ginseng is one of the most important remedies in ancient Eastern medicine. In the modern Western world, its reputation started to grow towards the end of the XIX century, but the rather approximate understanding of action mechanisms did not provide ...

Abstract	Panax ginseng is one of the most important remedies in ancient Eastern medicine. In the modern Western world, its reputation started to grow towards the end of the XIX century, but the rather approximate understanding of action mechanisms did not provide sufficient information for an appropriate use. Nowadays, Panax ginseng is frequently used in some pathological conditions, but the comprehension of its potential beneficial effects is still incomplete. The purpose of this study is to highlight the most recent knowledge on mechanisms and effects of ginseng active ingredients on the intestinal microbiota. The human microbiota takes part in the immune and metabolic balance and serves as the most important regulator for the control of local pathogens. This delicate role requires a complex interaction and reflects the interconnection with the brain- and the liver-axes. Thus, by exerting their beneficial effects through the intestinal microbiota, the active ingredients of Panax ginseng (glycosides and their metabolites) might help to ameliorate both specific intestinal conditions as well as the whole organism's homeostasis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2228325-0
ISSN	2212-3873 ; 1871-5303
ISSN (online)	2212-3873
ISSN	1871-5303
DOI	10.2174/0118715303270923240307120117
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ancient herbal therapy: A brief history of Panax ginseng

Potenza, Maria Assunta / Montagnani, Monica / Santacroce, Luigi / Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros / Bottalico, Lucrezia

Journal of Ginseng Research. 2023 May, v. 47, no. 3 p.359-365

2023

Abstract: Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It ... ...

Abstract	Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It is revered by the Chinese people as it is considered a herb for everything use and therefore for a wide range of diseases (currently its Latin name derived from the Greek panacea, meanings, that is, for everything). So, it was used exclusively by the Chinese Emperor's, and they were willing to pay the price without problems. Increasing its fame, ginseng brought a flourishing international trade that allowed Korea to supply China with silk and medicines in exchange for wild ginseng and later along with what grows in America.
Keywords	Chinese people ; Japan ; Panax ginseng ; international trade ; phytotherapy ; prices ; research ; silk ; willingness to pay ; China ; Korean Peninsula ; History of medicine ; History of pharmacology ; Ethnopharmacology ; Panax genus ; Korean Red Ginseng
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Size	p. 359-365.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2765273-7
ISSN	2093-4947 ; 1226-8453
ISSN (online)	2093-4947
ISSN	1226-8453
DOI	10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Ancient herbal therapy: A brief history of

Potenza, Maria Assunta / Montagnani, Monica / Santacroce, Luigi / Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros / Bottalico, Lucrezia

Journal of ginseng research

2022 Volume 47, Issue 3, Page(s) 359–365

Abstract	Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It is revered by the Chinese people as it is considered a herb for everything use and therefore for a wide range of diseases (currently its Latin name derived from the Greek
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2765273-7
ISSN	2093-4947 ; 1226-8453
ISSN (online)	2093-4947
ISSN	1226-8453
DOI	10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.004
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Article ; Online: The Connection Between Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Competitive Sports Athletes.

Wegierska, Angelika Elzbieta / Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros / Topi, Skender / Potenza, Maria Assunta / Montagnani, Monica / Santacroce, Luigi

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)

2022 Volume 52, Issue 10, Page(s) 2355–2369

Abstract: Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold ...

Abstract	Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the entire human body. Among its multiple functions, the microbiota helps promote the bioavailability of some nutrients and the metabolization of food, and protects the intestinal mucosa from the aggression of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, by stimulating the production of intestinal mediators able to reach the central nervous system (gut/brain axis), the gut microbiota participates in the modulation of human moods and behaviors. Several endogenous and exogenous factors can cause dysbiosis with important consequences on the composition and functions of the microbiota. Recent research underlines the importance of appropriate physical activity (such as sports), nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle to ensure the presence of a functional physiological microbiota working to maintain the health of the whole human organism. Indeed, in addition to bowel disturbances, variations in the qualitative and quantitative microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract might have systemic negative effects. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of physical activity on gut microbiota with the aim of identifying potential mechanisms by which exercise could affect gut microbiota composition and function. Whether physical exercise of variable work intensity might reflect changes in intestinal health is analyzed.
MeSH term(s)	Athletes ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Exercise ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; Sports
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605911-9
ISSN	1179-2035 ; 0112-1642
ISSN (online)	1179-2035
ISSN	0112-1642
DOI	10.1007/s40279-022-01696-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: microRNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Target in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation.

Desantis, Vanessa / Potenza, Maria Assunta / Sgarra, Luca / Nacci, Carmela / Scaringella, Antonietta / Cicco, Sebastiano / Solimando, Antonio Giovanni / Vacca, Angelo / Montagnani, Monica

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 6

Abstract: The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) may involve atrial fibrosis/remodeling and dysfunctional endothelial activities. Despite the currently available treatment approaches, the progression of AF, its recurrence rate, and the high mortality risk ...

Abstract	The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) may involve atrial fibrosis/remodeling and dysfunctional endothelial activities. Despite the currently available treatment approaches, the progression of AF, its recurrence rate, and the high mortality risk of related complications underlay the need for more advanced prognostic and therapeutic strategies. There is increasing attention on the molecular mechanisms controlling AF onset and progression points to the complex cell to cell interplay that triggers fibroblasts, immune cells and myofibroblasts, enhancing atrial fibrosis. In this scenario, endothelial cell dysfunction (ED) might play an unexpected but significant role. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the cardiovascular compartment, both free circulating and exosomal miRNAs entail the control of plaque formation, lipid metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte growth and contractility, and even the maintenance of cardiac rhythm. Abnormal miRNAs levels may indicate the activation state of circulating cells, and thus represent a specific read-out of cardiac tissue changes. Although several unresolved questions still limit their clinical use, the ease of accessibility in biofluids and their prognostic and diagnostic properties make them novel and attractive biomarker candidates in AF. This article summarizes the most recent features of AF associated with miRNAs and relates them to potentially underlying mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Atrial Fibrillation/genetics ; Atrial Fibrillation/complications ; Heart Atria/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Vascular Diseases/complications ; Atrial Remodeling ; Fibrosis
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24065307
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome.

Montagnani, Monica / Bottalico, Lucrezia / Potenza, Maria Assunta / Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros / Topi, Skender / Colella, Marica / Santacroce, Luigi

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 12

Abstract: Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the ... ...

Abstract	Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Enteric Nervous System ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Intestines/metabolism ; Intestines/microbiology ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism ; Nervous System Diseases/microbiology ; Nervous System Diseases/pathology ; Dysbiosis/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241210322
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Article ; Online: microRNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Target in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation

Vanessa Desantis / Maria Assunta Potenza / Luca Sgarra / Carmela Nacci / Antonietta Scaringella / Sebastiano Cicco / Antonio Giovanni Solimando / Angelo Vacca / Monica Montagnani

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 5307, p

2023 Volume 5307

Abstract	The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) may involve atrial fibrosis/remodeling and dysfunctional endothelial activities. Despite the currently available treatment approaches, the progression of AF, its recurrence rate, and the high mortality risk of related complications underlay the need for more advanced prognostic and therapeutic strategies. There is increasing attention on the molecular mechanisms controlling AF onset and progression points to the complex cell to cell interplay that triggers fibroblasts, immune cells and myofibroblasts, enhancing atrial fibrosis. In this scenario, endothelial cell dysfunction (ED) might play an unexpected but significant role. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the cardiovascular compartment, both free circulating and exosomal miRNAs entail the control of plaque formation, lipid metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte growth and contractility, and even the maintenance of cardiac rhythm. Abnormal miRNAs levels may indicate the activation state of circulating cells, and thus represent a specific read-out of cardiac tissue changes. Although several unresolved questions still limit their clinical use, the ease of accessibility in biofluids and their prognostic and diagnostic properties make them novel and attractive biomarker candidates in AF. This article summarizes the most recent features of AF associated with miRNAs and relates them to potentially underlying mechanisms.
Keywords	atrial fibrillation ; atrial fibrosis ; endothelial dysfunction ; microRNAs ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System

Monica Montagnani / Lucrezia Bottalico / Maria Assunta Potenza / Ioannis Alexandros Charitos / Skender Topi / Marica Colella / Luigi Santacroce

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 10322, p

A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome

2023 Volume 10322

Abstract	Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
Keywords	human microbiota ; metabolome ; immunity ; biochemistry ; gut/brain axis ; neurotransmitters ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Leading Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma: A New Target with a Great Prognostic and Clinical Value.

Desantis, Vanessa / Savino, Francesco Domenico / Scaringella, Antonietta / Potenza, Maria Assunta / Nacci, Carmela / Frassanito, Maria Antonia / Vacca, Angelo / Montagnani, Monica

Journal of clinical medicine

2022 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy whose development flourishes in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME). The BMME components' immunoediting may foster MM progression by favoring initial immunotolerance and subsequent tumor cell ... ...

Abstract	Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy whose development flourishes in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME). The BMME components' immunoediting may foster MM progression by favoring initial immunotolerance and subsequent tumor cell escape from immune surveillance. In this dynamic process, immune effector cells are silenced and become progressively anergic, thus contributing to explaining the mechanisms of drug resistance in unresponsive and relapsed MM patients. Besides traditional treatments, several new strategies seek to re-establish the immunological balance in the BMME, especially in already-treated MM patients, by targeting key components of the immunoediting process. Immune checkpoints, such as CXCR4, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT), PD-1, and CTLA-4, have been identified as common immunotolerance steps for immunotherapy. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed on MMPCs, is a target for CAR-T cell therapy, antibody-(Ab) drug conjugates (ADCs), and bispecific mAbs. Approved anti-CD38 (daratumumab, isatuximab), anti-VLA4 (natalizumab), and anti-SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) mAbs interfere with immunoediting pathways. New experimental drugs currently being evaluated (CD137 blockers, MSC-derived microvesicle blockers, CSF-1/CSF-1R system blockers, and Th17/IL-17/IL-17R blockers) or already approved (denosumab and bisphosphonates) may help slow down immune escape and disease progression. Thus, the identification of deregulated mechanisms may identify novel immunotherapeutic approaches to improve MM patients' outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11092513
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Article: Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease: Might Mitochondrial Dysfunction Help Deciphering the Common Path?

Potenza, Maria Assunta / Sgarra, Luca / Desantis, Vanessa / Nacci, Carmela / Montagnani, Monica

Antioxidants. 2021 Aug. 06, v. 10, no. 8

2021

Abstract: A growing number of clinical and epidemiological studies support the hypothesis of a tight correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, the proposed definition of Alzheimer’s disease as ...

Abstract	A growing number of clinical and epidemiological studies support the hypothesis of a tight correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, the proposed definition of Alzheimer’s disease as type 3 diabetes (T3D) underlines the key role played by deranged insulin signaling to accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the senile plaques of the brain. Metabolic disturbances such as hyperglycemia, peripheral hyperinsulinemia, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and chronic inflammation associated with T2DM are responsible for an inefficient transport of insulin to the brain, producing a neuronal insulin resistance that triggers an enhanced production and deposition of Aβ and concomitantly contributes to impairment in the micro-tubule-associated protein Tau, leading to neural degeneration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the reduced antioxidant capacity observed in T2DM patients, together with the impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism and the decreased performance of mitochondrial activity, suggests the existence of a relationship between oxidative damage, mitochondrial impairment, and cognitive dysfunction that could further reinforce the common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which insulin-signaling dysregulation in T2DM can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, deepening the analysis of complex mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress and their possible influence in AD and T2DM. In addition, the role of current therapies as tools for prevention or treatment of damage induced by oxidative stress in T2DM and AD will be debated.
Keywords	amyloid ; antioxidant activity ; brain ; cognitive disorders ; glucose ; hyperglycemia ; hyperinsulinemia ; inflammation ; insulin ; insulin resistance ; lipid metabolism ; mitochondria ; neurodegenerative diseases ; neurons ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; oxidative stress ; pathogenesis ; pathophysiology ; peptides ; reactive oxygen species ; risk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0806
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox10081257
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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